Rebecca SweeZarMewai SMCBE assignment -1

There are many factors that affect human comfort in internal built environment. They
are thermal factor, physical factors , light factors , sound factors , clothing factors and
vibration factors. When we construct a building one of the most important things we need to
consider is human comfort as much as possible. In this assignment we are going to look carefully
on how this can be done by addressing the relevant grading criteria related with structural
mechanics and how forces act on structures.

Page 1 of 6
Rebecca SweeZarMewai SMCBE assignment -1

The unit develops leaner knowledge of the factors of human comfort, the materials and
the techniques used to produce each material . And they can know how forces act on
constructions. So, we must use to prevent their deterioration the correct units for constructions
materials and the techniques.

Generally ,temperature inside in a building should be kept at 19 to 21 degrees and outside

is -1degrees. WHO(world Health Organization)is standard for comfortable warm is 18 degrees
Celsius (64 degrees Fahrenheit)for normal and sick,very old or very young of 2degrees
Fahrenheit)for normal and sick, very old or very young of 20degrees Celsius (68F).living room
temperature should be kept at 70F(21Celsius)and all rooms can kept at 18 C example, bed
rooms. In basic, it used to measure temperature by thermometer.

Clothing is feeling of mind lowest stress level. Clothing comfort is physical balance
among the person. So, clothing is personal factor. And our body to comfort we should wear
suitable clothes with temperature and weather .Then we should also wear to prevent the weather.

Air temperature is important for human health and comfortable physical factors .Air
temperature is a measure of how hot or cold the air is. It is the most commonly measured
weather parameter. Basic methods used to measure air temperature (example : thermometers,
globe thermometer, hygrometer, and anemometer ).Air temperature can through a building or
a room. Air can be affected by the convection method in to the room, the warm air enters a
room and then rises to the ceiling, pushing. The cold air down and may be cold the room.

Glare can affects the human comfort , visual comfort and Buildings that feel by default,
lighting with poor color or poor controls .light affect the quality of work and health. And we
should choice for our eyes health . The best colors light for eye are green, blue, yellow and

Page 2 of 6
Rebecca SweeZarMewai SMCBE assignment -1

bridge white. This applies to both electric lighting and daylighting .All of all the daylight is the
most comfort for human . So , we should consider for the windows and the doors .In basic
methods for measure light with Standard units are (light meter, daylight meter).

Main sources of air –born noise are voices, radios and musical instruments. The main
sources of impact noise are footsteps , slamming door and vibrating machinery. Environmental
notice can causes hearing impairment ,sleeping disturbance . The main way that impact sounds
are prevented is by using vibration pads and soft covering on floors and walls .In basic
methods for measure sound with stented unit is sound level meter.

Clothing is thermal comfort for humans. And clothing is important for human comfort
.We should wear depend on room temperature. So , we should suitable with temperature .If you
are wearing clothes also affects the temperature and you need to be comfort. Depend on the
weight of the clothing you will need many kinds of temperatures to feel comfortable e.g.
swimwear is 29 degrees, light clothing is 25 degrees, suit and jumper are 22 degrees, coat ,
glove and hat are 14 degrees.

Air temperature may be has from 0 to 220 degrees F in the environment. Air
temperature isin going to the building from windows and walls.The air temperature is physical
factor that effects on human comfort , the air velocity is throughout a building or a room. This
can ingoing by the convection in the room, the warm air ingoing a room and climb to the ceiling.

If the light levels are very low or very high then it will not be as suitable. Light travels in rays
and bounces off objects and into the eye. That the eyes don't have to strain too much if it is too
dark or if the light is very shining it may be blind.

On a structural mainlymay be acting dead loads, live loads and wind loads and point
loads. Dead and live loads are types of static loads.

Dead loads are unchanged in structure and their values are constant.These are loads
that have no live application.In general , dead loads are remained or stayin structure

Page 3 of 6
Rebecca SweeZarMewai SMCBE assignment -1

permanency. Normally , they do not change of the building. . Dead loads are also known as
permanent loads. And the dead weight of the structure is also the dead load of structure such as
walls, plasterboard and beams . The roof is also a dead load.

Live loads are unstable and their values are not constant or variables .People are a good
example of live loads in a structure. If you fill a theatre, you increase the live loading on the
floors. Live loads are difficult to measure in structural design as data of safety have to be
measured with their grade of forces effect in a structure. Live loads are the moving weights of
the structure such as people walking around a building or moving objects such as artifact.

These loads are forces of the wind and can be accommodate as a live load. Similarly,
snow loads and rain loads are need to be considered live loads on a structure. The western side of
the UK take care to receive prevent the wind loads. The wind loads have effect on the leeside
of a hill than on the wind drift side. Wind loads are wind speed and air pressure onto a
structure. Wind loads mainly effect on house of the roof.

These are a load that acts at a particular point or the forces effect at a point of the
structure. The build of the beam ,the point loads act on the top of the beam. This load
isbalanced effect on the point. It load is also known as a concentrated load, and an example of it
would be a hammer hitting a nail into a beam.

All structures can change shape due to compression, tension, shear and bending
stresses .So , as an engineer should consider these things.

Compression force is physical force and it given a force within a structural system that
effect down , both ends of the object, one object or astructure surface.Compression is also used
in construction to strong various basic materials such as anchor, to provide a strong and
compacted base construction materials. Compression force is needed for stabilizing
structure.This force has different results depending on the direction or position on the
object.And compression force has not only positive but also negative facts. For beams we can
consider this force as positive and negative for columns .

 .

Page 4 of 6
Rebecca SweeZarMewai SMCBE assignment -1

Tension is physical force and also called pulling force.The tension force is the force a
rope, string or wire when pulled by forces acting from opposite sides.Tension force can be
transmitted in string, cable, chain and twig etc. Tension is the opposite of the compression.At
in it properties, if pulled from one end of an object and gain potential energy and the restoring
force may be create that is also called tension force. So , tension force is very useful for
building bridges and beams of house in structure.

Shear occurs when a force in any or all directions withinin allstructure.  And it usually
occurs in steel plates and angles design in steel.  It can occur due to earthquake or wind direction
and it cannot causes non-linear movements.  Shear is opposing structural forces, which causes
slippage and failure in constructions. Shear is an important thing in engineering element when
drawing or planning design a structural system and engineers are tested stamina effects of shear
loads and limited any force effects in concentration. In addition, the engineers are granted to
use when buildingstructures new and stronger construction materials to be designed both
smaller and lighter, to resist the shear forces.

Bending moment, not only in construction but also in other places, is like a force that is
applied at the point of a structure. We should determine the bending moment at another point
where we want to know how large the bending moment is.Bending is a form of effect force when
loads are applied perpendicularly to an object. The degree of bending an object will abide before
it becomes firm deformed rift, effect burdensome force on the construction materials , size, and
other temporality.And bending is important for drawing design of beams .

To calculate bending moment = Force x Distance acting

Page 5 of 6
Rebecca SweeZarMewai SMCBE assignment -1

In conclusion , as a student studying civil engineering should be know the effects of

human comfort in internal built environment. And also should be know what facts are the most
important for human comfort. The detail facts of human comfort must be known such as units,
stand values and measurement instruments. And also should be know what kinds of loads are
applied on a structure such as live loads , dead loads, wind loads and point loads.And the all
structure can change due to compression , tension , shear and bending . From above all facts how
to measure and how to calculate must be known .So , we can write this assignment , we can
know above facts relevant human comfort.

Page 6 of 6