Lahore Leads University

Mid Term (Summer-2020 Semester)

Department of Computer Sciences

Mid Exam Date: 13-07-2020

Instructor Name: Ahmad Arsalan Program/Semester: BSCS, BSIT, BSSE

Course Code: --------- Course Title: Wireless Networks
Deadline: 15th July, 2020 Max Marks: 30

Name: Nadeem Asghar Roll No: F16-1487 Section: BSCS

Instructions:
Read out the instructions carefully.

I. Read the assignment carefully and attempt all the questions in the given space

II. Copied Assignment will be awarded ZERO, no viva marks will be counted

III.Submission of the assignment is to be done through email address

(ahmadarsalanleads@gmail.com) with subject “WN Summer 2020 Mid Term”

IV. If there is any query regarding assignment it should be asked via email/personal message on
WhatsApp (0336-4499697), but not in the easy-class.

V. Submission method is as follows, it should be strictly followed otherwise marks will be deducted

Make a Folder holding your name in format “Name_CompleteRollNo_Summer_Midterm_Section”,

and add this word solution file in a folder. Make .zip/.rar of the folder and email it.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Page 1 of 6
Question No 01: [10 marks]

Short Questions:

1) Differentiate between an analog and a digital electromagnetic signal.

2) What is the relationship between a signal's spectrum and its bandwidth?
3) What is attenuation?
4) Define channel capacity.
5) What key factors affect channel capacity?

Solution [write solution in below area]

Differentiate between an analog and a digital electromagnetic signal.
Ans: A continuous or analog signal is one in which the signal intensity varies in asmooth
fashion over time while a discrete or digital signal is one in which the signal intensity
maintains one of a finite number of constant levels for some periodof time and then changes to
another constant level.

What is the relationship between a signal's spectrum and its bandwidth?

Ans: The spectrum of a signal is the frequencies it contains while the bandwidth of asignal is
the width of the spectrum.

What is attenuation?
Ans: Attenuation is the gradual weakening of a signal over distance. This is measured in
decibels (dB) or voltage and it can occur due to a variety of factors.

Define channel capacity.

Ans: The rate at which data can be transmitted over a given communication path, orchannel,
under given conditions, is referred to as the channel capacity.

Page 2 of 6
What key factors affect channel capacity?
Ans: The Following key factors affect channel capacity:
1) Bandwidth
2) Noise
3) Data rate
4) Error rate

Page 3 of 6
Question No 02: [10 marks]

Lets as consider an example that relates the Nyquist and Shannon formulations. Suppose that the
spectrum of a channel is between 3MHz and 4MHz and SNRdb = 24 db.

Then find

 Bandwidth (B) =?
 Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) =?
 Channel capacity through Shannon formula?
 Channel capacity through Nyquist formula?

Formula’s of SNR, Shannon and Nyquist are given below for your help.

SNR Formula:
signal power
( SNR) dB  10 log10
noise power
Shannon Formula:
C  B log 2 1  SNR 

Nyquist Formula:

Solution [write solution in below area]

Bandwidth (B) =?
Solve:
B = 4 MHz - 3 MHz
B = 1 MHz

Page 4 of 6
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) =?

Solve:

SNRdB = 24 dB = 10 log10(SNR)
SNR = 251

Channel capacity through Shannon formula?

Solve:
C = 106 × log2(1 + 251) = 106 × log2(252) = 106 × 8 = 8 Mbps
C = 8 Mbps

Channel capacity through Nyquist formula?

Solve:
C = 2B log2 M
8 × 106 = 2 × (106) × log2 M
4 = log2 M
M = 16

Page 5 of 6
Question No 03: [10 marks]

Given a channel with an intended capacity of 20 Mbps, the bandwidth of the channel is 3 MHz.
What signal-to-noise ratio is required to achieve this capacity?

[Hint: Use Shannon Channel Capacity formula]

Solution [write solution in below area]

C = B log2 (1 + SNR)

20 × 106 = 3 × 106 × log2(1 + SNR)

log2(1 + SNR) = 6.671
1 + SNR = 102

SNR = 101

Page 6 of 6