Pharos University

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Electrical Engineering

SEMESTER: 4th level - 8th semester ACADEMIC YEAR: Spring 2022/2023

Course Title: Digital Communication (2) Course Code: EE256 & EE256!!
Instructor: Dr. Ahmed Ali Sheet - 7
Assistantship: Eng. Asmaa Zayed
Sheet (7): OFDM

1) For the following bit sequence 100111010011, find an expression for an OFDM
symbol with 4 subcarriers if QPSK, and 8PSK is used.

2) We want to design an OFDM system with the following parameters: Bit rate = 10
Mbps, Tolerable delay spread = 200 ns and Bandwidth <15 MHz.

3) Find the appropriate coding and modulation for an OFDM symbol if number of
subcarrier is 36, symbol time is 7.2 s and required bit rate is 10 Mbps.

4) Show that the minimum separation for subcarriers {cos (2πjt/TN + j), j = 1, 2...} to
form a set of orthonormal basis functions on the interval [0, TN] is 1/TN for any initial
phase j . Then show that if j = 0∀ j then this carrier separation can be reduced by
half.

5) Consider an OFDM system operating in a channel with coherence bandwidth Bc = 10

KHz.

a) Find a sub-channel symbol time TN = 1/BN = 10Tm, assuming Tm = 1/Bc. This

should insure flat-fading on the sub-channels.
b) Assume the system has N = 128 sub-channels. If raised cosine pulses with β =
1.5 are used, and the required additional bandwidth due to time limiting to
insure minimal power outside the signal bandwidth is  = 0.1, what is the total
bandwidth of the system?
c) Find the total required bandwidth of the system using overlapping carriers
separated by 1/TN, and compare with your answer in part (b).

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6) Consider a high-speed data signal with bandwidth 0.5 MHz and a data rate of 0.5
Mbps. The signal is transmitted over a wireless channel with a delay spread of 10
μsec. If multicarrier modulation with non-overlapping sub-channels is used to
mitigate the effects of ISI, approximately how many subcarriers are needed? What is
the data rate and symbol time on each subcarrier? (We do not need to eliminate the
ISI completely. So Ts = Tm is enough) Assume for the remainder of the problem that
the average received SNR (γs) on the nth subcarrier is 1000/n (linear units) and that
each subcarrier experiences flat Rayleigh fading (so ISI is completely eliminated).

7) Consider a multicarrier modulation transmission scheme with three non-overlapping

sub-channels spaced 200 KHz apart (from carrier to carrier) with sub-channel
baseband bandwidth of 100 KHz.
a) For what values of the channel coherence bandwidth will the sub-channels of your
multicarrier scheme exhibit flat-fading (approximately no ISI)? For what values
of the channel coherence bandwidth will the subcarriers of your multicarrier
scheme exhibit independent fading? If the subcarriers exhibit correlated fading,
what impact will this have on coding across sub-channels?
b) Suppose you have a total transmit power P = 300 mW, and the noise power in
each sub-channel is 1 mW. With equal power of 100 mW transmitted on each sub-
channel, the received SNR on each sub-channel is γ1 = 11 dB, γ2 = 14 dB, and γ3
= 18 dB. Assume the sub-channels do not experience 375 fading, so these SNRs
are constant. For these received SNRs find the maximum signal constellation size
for M-QAM that can be transmitted over each sub-channel for a target BER of
10−3. Assume the M-QAM constellation is restricted to be a power of 2 and use
the BER bound is: BER ≤ 0.2e−1.5γ/(M-1) for your calculations. What is the
corresponding total data rate of the multicarrier signal, assuming a symbol rate on
each sub-channel of Ts = 1/B, where B is the baseband sub-channel bandwidth?
c) For the sub-channel SNRs given in part (b), suppose we want to use precoding to
equalize the received SNR in each sub-channel and then send the same signal
constellation over each sub-channel. What size signal constellation is needed to
achieve the same data rate as in part (b)? What transmit power would be needed
on each sub-channel to achieve the required received SNR for this constellation
with a 10−3 BER target? How much must the total transmit power be increased
over the 300 mW transmit power in part (b)?

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8) Suppose the 4 sub-channels in 802.11a used for pilot estimation could be used for
data transmission by taking advantage of blind estimation techniques. What
maximum and minimum data rates could be achieved by including these extra sub-
channels? Assuming the same modulation and coding formats are available.

9) Find the data rate of an 802.11a system assuming half the available 48 sub-channels
(use BPSK with a rate 1/2 channel code and the others use 64QAM with a rate 3/4
channel code).

Best Wishes

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