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Referencing2 PDF
Referencing2 PDF
Deepa Pariyangat
Session overview
Why Reference?
What is Harvard referencing?
How do I reference?
What to reference?
When to reference?
Why Reference?
Acknowledge the work of others
Avoid plagiarism
Give your work credibility & reliability
Validate points that you have made
Demonstrate that you have read and
considered the relevant literature
Follow academic writing standards
What is Harvard style referencing?
Author –date system
Author, Date, Title, Publisher, Place
Elements are separated by comma
2 Rules of Referencing
1. References must be included when you
Use someone else's ideas
Paraphrase ( in your own words)
Summarise (in a reduced form in your own words)
Quote ( in their exact words)
Copy (reproduce a diagram/graph/table/image from someone
else’s work)
2. Each reference must appear in two places:
In the text of your assignment each time it is used ( the
in-text reference)
AND
In the reference list at the end of the assignment. This
listing has the full details so your reader can find the
reference.
In-text referencing
When you cite references in the text of your assignment
include:
Authors or editors family name (or organisation
responsible). Do not include first names or initials.
The year of publication
Page numbers if appropriate & where available.
You need to include a page number when
Direct quote from an original source
Example:
As suggested by Rodgers et al.(2002, p.12)…..
Different Editions
Renton, N 2004, Compendium of good writing, 3rd edn, John Wiley,
Milton & Sons, New York.
An edition number is placed after the title of the work - this is not
necessary for a first edition.
Author/ Institution/corporation/organisation
Date Title of the Book Publisher.
Institution/corporation/organisation Place
Article / Chapter in an edited book
Smith, S 2001, ‘Chapter title’, in Book title, 2nd edn, M Mall, & H Hall (eds.).
Publisher, Place, pp. 23-28.
Article no author:
‘Article title’ 2000, Journal Title Upper and Lower Case,
Vol.1, no.4, pp. 13-24.
Author known
Rover, BAD 2000, ‘Dog bites man’, Sunday Times, 19
September, p. 5.
Author unknown:
‘Dog bites man’ 2000, Sunday Times, 20 September, p. 1.
On the WWW
Author Year, 'Article title', Newspaper Title, Day Month, page
number (if given), viewed Day Month Year, <URL>.
Example:
Cleary, P & Lewis, S 2001, 'It's the end of a long boom', The
Australian Financial Review, 8 March, viewed 10 March 2001,
<http://afr.com/australia/2001/03/08/FFXIM9PU0KC.html>.
For Online & other electronic
sources
Basic format is
Example:
Wilson, D <wilsond@rocketscience.com.au> 2003, 'Using the Web to your
advantage', discussion group, National Computer Network, viewed 28 January
2003, <www.ubvm.cc.buffalo.edu>.
Personal email
In-text - same way as in-text references to other types of personal
communication.
In general - not necessary to provide further details. email address can be
provided in the reference list.
Email addresses should never be cited without the permission of the
owner of the address.
Sender's name followed by year of posting, email, Day and Month of posting,
<email address>.
Example:
Davis, A 2002, email, 24 April, <davis@unitc.edu.au>.
Special cases
Web document (no author)
Title Year, version number (if applicable), description of document (if applicable),
name and place of the sponsor of the source, viewed Day Month Year, <URL either
full location details or just the main site details>.
Example:
Educating America for the 21st century: developing a strategic plan for educational
leadership by Columbia University 1993-2000(initial workshop draft) 1994, draft
workshop report, Institute for learning technologies, Columbia University, viewed 16
May 1995, <http://ariel.adgrp.com/~ghb/trips/940717_ICT/policy/ILT/EdPlan.html>.
Web document (no publication date)
Author n.d., Title, version number (if applicable), name and place of the sponsor of
the source, viewed Day Month Year, <URL either full location or just main site
details>.
Example:
Sherman, C n.d., The invisible web, Free Pint Limited, UK, viewed 27 November
2000, <http://www.freepint.co.uk/issues/080600.htm#feature>.
Web site
Author (the person or organisation responsible for the site) Year (that the site was
created or last revised), name and place of the sponsor of the source, viewed Day
Month Year,<URL>.
Example:
The Body Shop Australia 2003, The Body Shop Australia, Mulgrave, Victoria, viewed
31 January 2003, <http://www.thebodyshop.com.au/>.
TV and Video recording
Title Year (of recording), format, publisher,
place of recording.
Example:
They did it their way 1998, video recording,
Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Sydney.
CD-ROMs