IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. MTT-33, NO.

3, MARCH 1985 271

which, by definition [8], is cal. For finite values of surface resistance, the equations correctly
calculated both the resistive and reactive portions of the input
Zn(u)=( –l)-n.ln(jv). (16)
impedance.
For small arguments (V< 1) [9]

I_n(v)=
I,,(u) =+(;)n. (17)
IV. CONCLUSION

New equations, useful for the accurate calculation of the

Combining (14b), (16), and (17), using only the n = – 1, n = O, complex input impedance of lossy, radial-line stubs, have been
and n = + 1 terms of the summation in (14b), and using the presented. This should lead to an improvement in the accuracy of
equality the predicted performance of circuits which contain these ele-
ments.
J_n(zl)=(-l)nJn(u) (18)
results in APPENDIX

For completeness, the equations due to Vinding, using the

J~(U+jU) =Jm(U)+ $[J~_l(U)– Jm+l(U)] (19a)
notation of this paper, are included below.

=Jm(u)+jul;(u). (19b) Zo(kri)lr cos[e(b,)-+(bo)]

Z,n = j (Al)
Equation (19b) is derived from (19a) by utilizing the recurrence r, sin[+(~rt)–+(ko)l
relation [10]

.lm_l(u)-Jm+l(u) =’2J;(r.J).

JL ( u) is the derivative of Jm( u) with respect to u. Similarly

(20) Zo(kr,)=

O(kr,)
1207
~
[
= t~-l[NO(kr,)/Jo(
Jj(kr, )+ Nj(k~)
Jf(kr,)+Nf(krl)

kr,)]
I 1’2
(A2)

(A3)
Nm(u+ju) =Nm(u)+juN; (u). (21)
~(kr,) = tan-l [- J1(kr,)/Nl(kr,)] (A4)
Using two additional recurrence relationships
$(kro) = tan-l[- J,(kro)/N,(kro)]. (A5)
J~(u) = –Jl(u) (22a)

and’ RHFERSNCES
[1] N. Marcuvitz, “Radial transmission line$” in Principles of Microwave
J;(U) =JO(U)–+J1(U) (22b)
Circui~s, C. Montgomery, R. H. Dicke, and E. M. Purcell, E&,
G.
(Radiation Laboratory Series, Vol. 8). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill,
the resulting equations with the substitutions u = ~r and v = – w 1947, pp. 240-282.
are [2] S. Rarno and J. R. Whinnery, Fteldr and Waves in Modern Radto, Second
Ed. New York, NY: Wiley, 1953, pp. 395-400.
Jo(h) = JO(/3r) + jcwJ1(flr) (23a) [3] H. A. Atwater, “ Microstrip reactive circuit elements,” IEEE Trans.
Microwaue Theory Tech., vol. MTT-31, pp. 488-491, June 1983.
.ll(~r) [4] B. A. Syrett, “A broad-band element for microstrip bias or tuning

For the Neumann

.lI(kr) =J1(/3r)-

functions
jar
[
Jo(&)-~
1 . (23b)

[5]
circuits,” IEEE
925-927, Aug. 1980.
‘f Broadband
Trans. Microwave

microstrip
Theory Tech., vol. MTT-28,

mixer design: The Butterfly

pp.

mixer;’
A~c~tion Note Number 976, Hewlett-Packard Co., Palo Alto, CA,
hdy 1980.
NO( kr) = NO(~r) + jarN1(~r) (23c) [6] J. P. Vinding, “Radial line stubs as elements in strip line circuits,”
NEREM Rec., pp. 108-109, Nov. 1967.

1
N1(/3r) [7] M. Abrarnowitz and I. E. Stegun, Eds., Handbook of Mathemaucal
Nl(kr) =N1(~r)– jar No(~r)–--jjy- . (23d) Functions with Formulas, Graphs and Mathematical Tables, (Applied
[ Mathematics Series, Vol. 55). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1964, pp. 363, eq. 9.1.75.
The final analysis equations for radial-line stubs with attenuation
[8] Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs and
result from substituting (23a) through (23d), with the appropriate Mathematical Tables, pp. 375, eq. 9.6.3.
arguments, into (5) and the latter, in turn, into (4). [9] Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs and
=hutical Tables, pp. 375, eq. 9.6.6 and 9.6.7.
[10] Hundbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs and
=;attcal pp. 361, eq. 9.1.27.
Tables,
III. I@CONiMENDATIONS
FORSTRIPLINEAND MICROSTRIP [11] S. L. March, “ Wcrostrip packaging: Watch the last step,” Microwaves,
vol. 20, pp. 83–94, Dec. 1981.
For stripline, the dimension h in (4), (6), (12), and (13) should
be replaced by the ground-plane spacing b.
For rnicrostrip, it is recommended that the relative dielectric
constant t, should be replaced by an effective dielectric constant Plot of Modal Field Distribution in Rectangular and
ce~~ calculated [11] for a microstnp of constant width w, where Circular Waveguides
o
w=(~+rO)sin ~ . (24) C. S. LEE, S. W. LEE, AND S. L. CHUANG
()
A computer program has been written to test these equations The earliest plots of modal field distribution in rectanguhu-/cir-
and to compare the results with the lossless formulation of cular waveguides were given by Southworth (1936) [1], Barrow
Vinding. For perfect conductors (R. = O), the results were identi. (1936) [2], Schelkunoff (1937) [3], and Chu and Barrow (1937) [4].

Manuscript received August 9, 1984; revised October 30, 1984. This work
was supported in part by NASA under Contract NAG3-475.
1This approximation, while providing reasonably accurate results, is not the The authors zre with the Electromagnetic Laboratory, Urriversity of Illinois,
formulation for effective dielectric constarrt used in Super-Compact. Urbana, IL 61801.

0018-9480/85/0300’0271 $01.oo @1985 IEEE

272 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. MTT-33, NO. 3, MARCH 1985

, ,
0
TE,O

,
I I
I 2

TEO, TE,, TE2,

TEZO TM,, TM2,

I $ 1
2 3

TE3,
TE30 TM3,

I 1
3 4
TEq,
TE22
TE40 TE12 TM4,
TEOZ TM,z TM22
I I 1 r I
1
4 5
TE,0
TE 32 TE51 TE4Z
TM32 TM5, TM*2
, 1 I , I
5
TE., 6
TE;3 TE
TE60TE13 TM61 TM52
52 TE,3
TE03TM,3 ‘“23 TM33 TE70

I
6 7

Fig. 1 Normalized modal cutoff frequencies for a 2:1 rectangular

waveguid~.

-., ., ~

TE50 TE32 TM32

--
I L,. I to, TE20

TE5, “ TM51 T-.

TE$, TM,, TE2,

TM4Z TE60 TM21 TE30 TE3,

m
.. -—_ .-.
., Z@, ,,

= ‘s3’:
e --- ❑ --- --
TE,3 TM13 TE6, TM3, T E.O TE02

‘“61
TM23 TE ,2 TM,, TE.,

TE52 TM33 TE33

.. TE22 TM., TM,,-.
E— — H –-–-– E— —
H --––-
Fig. 2. Transverse modal field distribution for a 2:1 rectanguliw waveguide (first 36 modes).
.- —-—- ... . . .. ... . .. .... . . .....,.-
Itkt lKAN>AL1lUNb UN MILKUWAVE
“..,r.

ltIEUKI
n”., .

AMJ
.,-
TECHNIQUES, VOL. MTT-33, NO. 3, MARCH 1985 273

TE,, E
T,M,, a
&
L TE21
I I
2
TE,2
TErO TM2, TE22
TE02 TM,2 TM22

I I
2 3
TE3, TE3Z
TE,3 TE23
TE30 TM3, TM32
TE03 TM13 TM23

I I
3 TE
TE42 TE304
TE;: TE24 TE05
TE40 TM41 TE33 TM02 TE43TM43
TE04 TM14 TM35 TM24
TE34TM34

I
4 5

Fig. 3. Normalized modal cutoff frequencies for a square wavegtide.

1, I
TE,O I to, TEL, TE13 TM31

TM,, TE ~. TE02 TE32

TE2, TE,2

TE22 TM22 TE4, TE,.

TM12

TE31 TE33 TM,,

.. _ TE03 ~-----
E— ~——--- E—

Fig. 4. Transverse modal field distribution for a square waveguide (first 30 modes)

the first 36 modes in a 2:1 rectangular waveguide (Figs. 1 and 2),

Standard text and reference books present plots only for the first
six or seven modes. In many applications, we are interested in b) plots for the first 30 modes in a square waveguide (Figs. 3 and
4), c) plots for the first 30 modes in a circular waveguide (Figs. 5
plots for higher order modes. The purpose of this note is to
present three relatively complete sets of plots, namely, a) plots for and 6).
 274 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. MTT-33 , NO. 3, MARCH 1985

c1 a

TE,, TMO, TE2, TE6, TM., TE32

I T
I
~E6, 2
TM,,
TEO, TE3, TM2, TM02

I [
2 3 TM22 TE,3 TE71

TE02
TE2Z TM12

/ I I
3 TE,3 4
TE6,
51
TWI TE32 TM22

r , I !
4 5

TE8,
TE.2 TM32 TE52 TE91

I I , r 1
5 6
Fig. 5. Normalized modal cutoff frequencies for a circular waveguide,

~..-.
/---.’
,., /, - - . ‘,
,- \’\”,
~(11 !;:
. . -’ >,, ,,’ E—- ~“”
~\’\’ - -,
-------- ‘
@ ----- Fig. 6. (Continued)
TE,, TMO, TE2,

The density of the field lines is approximately proportional to the

field strength. These plots are done by a Cyber 175 computer.
@
@
TM,, TEO, TE31
I&5FERENCES
[1] G. C. Southworth, “ HWer-frequency waveguides— General considera-
tions and experimental results,” Bell Syst. Tech. J., vol. 15, pp. 284-309,
ALrr. 1936.
[2] WA.L. Barrow, ‘<Transmission of electromagnetic waves in hollow tubes of
metals,” Proc. IRE, vol. 24, pp. 1298–1328, Oct. 1936,
[3] S. A, Schelkunoff, “Transmission theory of plane electromagnetic waves,”
Proc. IRE, vol. 25, pp. 1457-1493, Nov. 1937
TM2, TE4, TE,2 [4] L. J. Chu axial W. L, Barrow, “Electromagnetic waves in hollow metal
tubes of rectangular cross section,” Proc, ?RE, vol. 26, pp. 1520-1555,
Dec. 1937.

Computations of Frequencies and Intrinsic Q Factors

of TEO~~ Modes of Dielectric Resonators

JERZY KRUPKA

,4ntract — The Rayleigh-Ritz method is described, which is used to

calculate the resonant frequencies and intrinsic Q factors due to dielectric

E— H––-—-
Manuscript received August 7, 1984; revised October 29, 1984.
Fig. 6. Transverse modaJ field distribution for a circular waveguide (first 30 The author is with the Instytut Technologii Elektronowej, Politechnika
modes), Warszawska u1. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland.

0018-9480/85 /0300-0274$01 .00 01985 IEEE