SHEPHERDVILLE COLLEGE

(Formerly, JESUS THE LOVING SHEPHERD CHRISTIAN COLLEGE)

Talojongon, Tigaon, Camarines Sur, Philippines
Tel. No. (054) 884-95-36

“EXCELLING IN TRUTH IN THE SERVICE OF GOD AND COUNTRY”

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
SECOND SEMESTER, A/Y 2019-2020

Fluid Mechanics

Learner’s Module 2
(Module 2A, 2B, 2C & 2D)

BSEd SCIENCE 1G

Jeffrey N. Romulo, LPT

Instructor
 SHEPHERDVILLE COLLEGE
College of Education Department
Second Semester, A/Y 2019-2020

SUBJECT: Fluid Mechanics

CLASS: BSEd Science 1G
Instructor:Jeffrey N. Romulo

MODULE 2C

Head losses in pipe flow

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

a. describe the two classification of Head losses in pipes;

b. explain the Darcy-Weisbach Formula (pipe-friction equation);
c. solve problems involving the Darcy-Weisbach Formula (pipe-friction equation).

Discussion:

 HEAD LOSSES IN PIPE FLOW

Head losses in pipes may be classified into two; the major head loss, which is
caused by pipe friction along straight sections of pipe of uniform diameter and uniform
roughness, and Minor head loss, which are caused by changes in velocity or
directions of flow, and are commonly expressed in terms of kinetic energy.

 MAJOR HEAD LOSS, hf

 Darcy – Weisbach Formula (pipe-friction equation)

 f = frictional factor

L = length of pipe in meters or feet

D = pipe diameter in meter or feet

v = mean or average velocity of flow in m/s of ft/s

For non-circular pipes, use D = 4R, where R is the hydraulic radius defined in Eq. 7-4.

For circular pipes, the head loss may be express as:

 Where Q is the discharge.

 Value of f:

For Laminar Flow:

For non-circular pipes, use Eq. 7.22 with D = 4R

For Turbulent Flow:

1. For turbulent flow in smooth and rough pipes, universal resistance

laws can be derived from:

where vs is shear velocity or friction velocity

2. For smooth pipes, Re between 3,000 and 100,000:

3. For smooth pipes with Re up to about 3,000,000
 EXAMPLE:

A fluid having v = 4 x 10-5 m2/s flows in a 750 m long pipe having a diameter of 20
mm. Determine the head lost required to maintain a velocity of 3 m/s.

Given:

Required:
hf = ?

Solution:
Activity 1: Drill Activity

Solve:

1. Fluid flows through a 20-mm-diameter pipe, 150 m long at a Reynolds number of 1,750.
Calculate the discharge if the head lost is 175 m.

Evaluation:

Solve:
1. What commercial size of new cast iron pipe shall be used to carry 4,490 gpm or gal/m with a
loss of head of 10.56 feet per mile? Assume f = 0.019.