Professional Documents
Culture Documents
P1-U2-Forces of Attraction 2 PDF
P1-U2-Forces of Attraction 2 PDF
ATTRACTION 2
OVERVIEW
1. VSEPR THEORY
2. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN
MOLECULES
3. COMPOUND CLASSIFICATION
2
VSEPR THEORY
3
SHAPES OF MOLECULES
VSEPR THEORY
4
SHAPES OF
MOLECULES
5
SHAPES OF MOLECULES
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
SHAPES OF MOLECULES
VSEPR THEORY: ASSUMPTIONS
22
SHAPES OF MOLECULES
VSEPR THEORY: RULES FOR PREDICTING SHAPES
No Charge 0
Linear
# of Electrons 10
Hybridisation??? spppddddd
Hybridisation sp3d
24
INTERACTIONS
BETWEEN MOLECULES
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MOLECULES
POL AR MOLECULES
Can a molecule have polar bonds but yet be non-polar (no dipole moment) ?
1. Dipole-dipole interactions
3. London/dispersal forces
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MOLECULES
T YPES OF INTERMOLECUL AR FORCES
Dipole-dipole interactions
• Forces that occur between two molecules with permanent
dipoles
• If a molecule has a dipole, then the positive end of the dipole of
one molecule will attract the negative end of the dipole of
another molecule
• The strength of the dipole moment depends on the
electronegativity differences of the atoms in the molecule
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MOLECULES
T YPES OF INTERMOLECUL AR FORCES
one with no bond dipole, the electric field associated with the
London/Dispersal Forces
• Present in all molecules; whether polar or non-polar
charge
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MOLECULES
T YPES OF INTERMOLECUL AR FORCES
London/Dispersal Forces
London/Dispersal Forces
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MOLECULES
T YPES OF INTERMOLECUL AR FORCES
London/Dispersal Forces
The strength of the London forces increases as the relative molecular mass
• The valence electrons are farther from the nuclei than in a smaller
atom or molecule
• Hence, less tightly held and can more easily form temporary dipoles
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MOLECULES
T YPES OF INTERMOLECUL AR FORCES
London/Dispersal Forces
London/Dispersal Forces
• As you go down group 17, the halogens go from gas to
liquid to solid
• Florine and Chlorine (gases)
• Bromine (liquid)
• Iodine (solid)
• As you go down the homologous series, the boiling point
increases
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MOLECULES
T YPES OF INTERMOLECUL AR FORCES
Hydrogen Bonding
• A unique case of dipole-dipole interaction
Hydrogen Bonding
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MOLECULES
T YPES OF INTERMOLECUL AR FORCES
Hydrogen Bonding
groups
2. Ionic Crystalline
3. Giant Covalent
4. Metallic
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPOUNDS
SIMPLE COVALENT
• Lack of ions and all electrons are held in place ——> non conductor
• Atoms are close packed i.e. they try to get as close together as possible