Week 5

In-Video Quiz Questions

This document contains all of this week's in-video quiz questions. We are providing the
questions in this format because we know that some of you would prefer to have a permanent
record of the quiz questions to aid your study. Also, if you are downloading the lectures to
watch off-line, you do not have access to the in-video quiz questions. Answers to the questions
are provided at the end of the quiz. If you miss a question, we encourage you to consult the
lecture outline and watch the video again so that the correct answer makes sense to you.

5.1 Basic Anatomy of the Respiratory System

1. The correct order through which air flows as it moves into the airways is:
A. nasal cavity > nares (nostrils) > larynx > pharynx > trachea
B. nares (nostrils) > nasal cavity > larynx > pharynx > trachea
C. nares (nostrils) > nasal cavity > pharynx > larynx > trachea

2. When you swallow foods and beverages the ______ moves upward and the _______ tilts
downward, directing swallowed materials into the esophagus.
A. pharynx . . . epiglottis C. larynx . . . pharynx
B. larynx . . . epiglottis D. larynx . . . trachea

3. The airway which carries air in and out of a lobe of the lung is called a ________________.
A. primary bronchus
B. secondary bronchus
C. tertiary bronchus

4. The left lung has ________ lobes and the right lung has __________ lobes.
A. three . . . one C. one . . . two
B. three . . . two D. two . . . three

5. Each lobe of the lungs is supplied by its own __________________.

A. primary bronchus
B. secondary bronchus
C. tertiary bronchus

6. When air passes through the airway, the air is ___________.

A. warmed
B. warmed and humidified
C. warmed, humidified and filtered
7. Within the mediastinum, the trachea divides to form the ______ and ________.
A. right primary bronchus...left primary bronchus
B. right secondary bronchus...left secondary bronchus
C. pharynx...left primary bronchus
D. larynx...pharynx

Answers: 1(C), 2(B), 3(B), 4(D), 5(B), 6(C), 7(A)

5.2 Anatomy of Ventilation

1. The layer of serous membrane that covers the outside of the lungs is called the
_____________, and the layer which lines the thoracic cavity is called the ______________.
A. visceral pericardium . . . parietal pericardium
B. visceral pleura . . . .parietal pericardium
C. visceral pleura . . . parietal pleura
D. parietal pleura . . . visceral pleura

2. The muscles which contract to cause quiet inhalation are the _____________ and
_______________.
A. sternocleidomastoid . . . . internal intercostals
B. diaphragm . . . external intercostals
C. diaphragm . . . internal intercostals
D. external intercostals . . . internal intercostals

3. Which of the following muscles are activated to help produce forceful inhalation?
A. sternocleidomastoid D. (A) and (C) are correct.
B. scalenes E. (A), (B) and (C) are correct.
C. pectoralis minor

4. Inhalation is always an active process, requiring muscle contraction and ATP expenditure.
A. True
B. False

Answers: 1(C), 2(B), 3(E), 4(A)

5.3 The Mechanics of Breathing

1. Contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of the airways leads to decreased lumen
diameter. This process is called _________________ and it results in _______________.
A. bronchodilation . . . .increased resistance to airflow
B. bronchodilation . . . . shortness of breath
C. bronchoconstriction . . . . increased resistance to airflow
D. bronchoconstriction . . . . shortness of breath

2. Inhalation occurs when __________________________________.

A. intrapulmonary pressure (i.e., pressure in the lungs) is greater than atmospheric
pressure
B. intrapulmonary pressure (i.e., pressure in the lungs) is less than atmospheric pressure
C. the tissues have a high demand for oxygen

3. _______________ is the amount of air that flows in and out of the lungs during quiet
breathing.
A. inspiratory reserve volume C. vital capacity
B. tidal volume D. residual volume

4. The amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a maximum inhalation is called
_______________.
A. total lung capacity C. expiratory reserve volume
B. vital capacity D. functional residual capacity

5. Sympathetic nervous system activation causes bronchiodilation.

A. True
B. False

Answers: 1(C), 2(B), 3(B), 4(B), 5(A)

5.4 Gas Exchange

1. In the lungs, gas exchange occurs across a very thin barrier called the __________.
A. respiratory membrane
B. alveolar wall
C. bronchiole

2. The respiratory membrane, which is the thin membrane across which gas exchange occurs in
the lungs, consists of the ____________________________.
A. the walls of the alveoli, the walls of the pulmonary capillaries, and their fused
basement membranes
B. the walls of the pulmonary capillaries
C. the walls of the bronchioles and alveoli
D. the fused visceral pleura and the fused pulmonary capillaries

3. Gas exchange in the peripheral tissues involves __________________________.

A. movement of CO2 from the blood > interstitial fluid > body cells.
B. movement of O2 from the cells > interstitial fluid > blood of the systemic capillaries.
C. movement of CO2 from the cells > interstitial fluid > blood of the systemic capillaries
D. movement of O2 and CO2 from the cells > interstitial fluid > blood of the systemic
capillaries

4. Assuming a normal cardiovascular system and a normal circulation of blood, which of the
following statements about PO2 and PCO2 is correct?
A. systemic arterial blood PCO2 = systemic venous blood PCO2
B. systemic arterial blood PO2 > systemic venous blood PO2
C. systemic arterial blood PCO2 > systemic venous blood PCO2
D. PO2 of blood in the pulmonary trunk >systemic venous blood PO2

Answers: 1(A), 2(A), 3(C), 4(B)

5.5 Regulating Respiration Rate

1. Peripheral chemoreceptors, which provide important sensory input about changes in blood
chemistry required for the regulation of respiration, are located ______________________.
A. under the blood-brain barrier
B. in the aortic and carotid bodies
C. in the diaphragm

2. Free hydrogen ions (H+) cannot get through the blood-brain barrier. However, central
chemoreceptors are very sensitive to changes in H+ concentration of the cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF). Which of the following correctly describes how the central chemoreceptors are
activated by H+ changes?
A. When venous blood PCO2 is too high, it causes the blood-brain barrier to break down.
This allows metabolic acids to enter the CSF and change the pH of the CSF.
B. When arterial blood PCO2 increases, more CO2 diffuses into the CSF, causing more
H2CO3 to form. H2CO3 dissociates H+ which activates central chemoreceptors.
C. When arterial blood PO2 is too high, it causes arterial blood pH to decrease. Central
chemoreceptors monitor pH and PO2 levels and adjust accordingly.

3. Peripheral chemoreceptors are more responsive than central chemoreceptors to changes in

arterial blood PO2.
A. True
B. False

4. The term dead space refers to regions of the airways (e.g., the trachea) and the lungs which
do not participate in gas exchange.
A. True
B. False

5. __________________ chemoreceptors are sensitive to changes in the chemistry of the

cerebrospinal fluid, which is fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord.
A. Peripheral
B. Central

6. A patient with congestive heart failure will have lower than normal oxygen levels in the
blood (i.e., the patient's blood PO2 level will be lower than normal). ______________
chemoreceptors will detect the decreased blood PO2.
A. Peripheral
B. Central
7. What do you suspect will happen to one's respirations if their blood PCO2 level increases?
A. respiratory rate will decrease
B. respiratory rate will increase
C. respiratory rate will remain the same

Answers: 1(B), 2(B), 3(A), 4(A), 5(B), 6(A), 7(B)

5.6 Assessing Respiration Rate Demonstration

1. While conducting a physical examination it is usual for a health care provider to assess not
only the minute respiration rate, but also ____________________.
A. whether or not you breathe 15 times per minute
B. whether you exhale through your nose or mouth
C. the quality of breathing

2. When one assesses respiration rate, it is not important if the patient is nervous and
uncomfortable.
A. True
B. False

3. The normal range for respiration rate in a resting adult with healthy cardiovascular and
respiratory system function is ___________.
A. 10-12 breaths/min C. 15-20 breaths/min
B. 8-10 breaths/min D. 22-40 breaths/min

4. Drugs can cause changes in respiratory rate.

A. True
B. False

Answers: 1(C), 2(B), 3(C), 4(A)

5.7 Regulating Respiration Rate

1. Normally, the primary stimulus for increasing ventilation is a decrease in systemic arterial
blood PO2.
A. True
B. False

2. Free hydrogen ions (H+) stimulate only central chemoreceptors.

A. True
B. False

3. If you traveled directly from sea level to the top of Denali (elevation 6,190.5 meters above
sea level) you would expect your respiratory rate to be higher than at sea level. What is the
best explanation for the changed respiration rate?
A. You are excited to be at the top of Denali.
B. The lower atmospheric PO2 would cause your systemic arterial PO2 to be lower, and
this would stimulate your peripheral chemoreceptors.
C. You get dizzy because you have a fear of heights, and this causes you to breathe more
rapidly.

Answers: 1(B), 2(B), 3(B)

5.8 Assessing Breath Sounds Demonstration

1. There are _________ lobes in the left lung and _________ lobes in the right lung.
A. three . . . two C. three . . . three
B. two . . . three D. two . . . two

2. When assessing the lungs of a person with asthma, the healthcare provider may hear
_______.
A. wheezing
B. crackles
C. rales

3. When a healthcare provider auscultates the lungs and hears ____________ it is an indication
that fluid secretions (called exudate) have accumulated in the airways or that there is
inflammation or edema in the lung tissue.
A. wheezing
B. crackles

Answers: 1(B), 2(A), 3(B)