Fibre

Properties

Fabric Material Management & Quality

Assignment 1

Animesh Verma

Mfm 19-21

Roll No-3
 1. COTTON FIBER
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1. Length : 0.5” – 2.5”
2. Dimensional stability : medium
3. Elasticity : 1.50 – 1.58
4. Density : Less than both silk and wool
5. Strength : 3 – 5 gm/denier
6. Moisture : 7 – 10 %
7. Color : cream or yellowish

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1. Strong acid damage the fibres.

Sulphuric acid and Hydrochloric acid damage the fibre.
2. Cotton is converted into oxi-cellulose in strong oxidizing bleaching.
3. Alkali does not damage cotton fibre and its preventive power is good.
4. Conductive ironing temperature is 150°C where decompose is 2400°C and ignition
temperature is 390°C.

2. LINEN FIBER
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

1. Length : 18 – 30 inch
2. Elasticity : Linen has not enough elastic recovery properties like cotton
3. Tensile strength : 5.5 – 6.5 gm/denier
4. Moisture : 10 – 12 %
5. Color : yellowish to grey
6. Elongation to break : 2.7 – 3.5 %
7. Gravity : 1.50 gm/cc

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. Linen has excellent resistance to alkalis.
2. Linen fiber is damaged by highly densified acids but low dense acids does not affect if it
is wash instantly after application of acids.
3. Linen fiber has high resistance to normal cleaning solvents.
 3. WOOL FIBER
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1. Length : 35 to 250 mm
2. Elasticity : Breaking extension – 42.5 %, Recovery % – 69 at 5%
3. Strength : Tenacity dry =1.35 gm/denier, Wet = dry 0.69 gm/denier
4. Moisture : 13 – 16 %
5. Color : white, brown and black
6. Gravity : 1.31 gm/cc
7. Elongation at break : 25 – 35 %

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1. The chemical nature of wool keratin is such that it is particularly sensitive to alkaline
substances.
2. Wool is attacked by hot concentrated sulphuric acid and decomposes completely.
3. Wool does not affect in organic solvents.
4. Chlorine bleach is ordinary harmful to the wool. KMnO4, Na2O2 are utilized for
bleaching.

4. JUTE FIBER
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

1. Length : 50 – 300 mm
2. Diameter : 0.035 – 14 mm
3. Moisture : 13 %
4. Strength : 6 – 50 g/denier
5. Gravity : 1.48 gm/cc
6. Color : brown
7. Elongation at break : 0.8 – 1.8 %

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. Action of heat - strong acid at boiling causes hydrocellulose and lead to loss in strength.
But dilute acid have no effect on jute fibre.
2. Dilute alkali has no effect of jute fibre, but strong alkali at boil causes loss in strength.
3. Prolonged heating causes degradation of jute fibre.
 5. SILK FIBER
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1. Length : 91400- 1188720 mm
2. Elasticity: 0.14 – 0.2
3. Heat conductivity: It is a non conductor of heat like wool. Hence it is used for winter
apparel.
4. Moisture : 11 %
5. Strength : 3.5 – 5 gm/denier
6. Gravity : 1.25 gm/cc
7. Elongation at break : 20-25%

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. Silk will not be affected by mildew unless left for time in damp state or under extreme
conditions of tropical dampness.
2. Cold concentrated solutions of alkali such as soda or caustic potash has slight action on
silk.
3. Silk has very good affinity for acid dyes but light fastness is unsatisfactory

6. NYLON FIBER
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

1. Length : 0.27 – 3.54 mm

2. Elasticity: Breaking extension is 20-40%.
3. Stability : Good
4. Strength : 20 – 40 gm/denier
5. Moisture : 3.5 – 5 %
6. Gravity : 1.14
7. Elongation at break : 20 %

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. Nylon is substantially inert to alkalis.
2. Not attacked by oxidizing and reducing bleaches but may be harmed by chlorine and
strong oxidizing bleaches.
3. High insulating properties leads to static charges on the fiber
 7. VISCOSE RAYON
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1. Length : 35 – 40 mm
2. Elasticity : 2 – 3 %
3. Moisture : 13 %
4. Density : 1.53 g/cc Rayon filaments are available in three densities: 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5
5. Strength : 1.5 – 2.4 ( in dry) & 0.7 – 1.2 (in wet)
6. Elongation at Break : 15 – 30 %
7. Gravity : 1.15 gm/cc

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1. The resistance of regenerated cellulose rayon’s to acids is generally less than that of
cotton to the same concentrations of the same acids
2. Oxalic acid for removal of iron stains is not recommended except at temperatures lower
than 150°F.At high temperature.
3. Viscose rayon reacts faster than cotton with chemicals. Acids like H2SO4 HCL breaks the
cellulose to hydrocellulose

8. POLYESTER FIBER
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1. Length : 25 mm
2. Diameter : 0.5 mm
3. Density : 7.95
4. Strength : 1.1 g/Pa
5. Elasticity : 193
6. Elongation at break : 40 %
7. Color : black, white, any color

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. These polymers are resistant to acids.
2. It does not require bleaching. It retains its whiteness and requires only chlorine bleaches
to be used when essential.
3. Alkaline conditions as seen in laundering hydrolyse the ester groups in polyester
polymers.
 9. ACRYLIC FIBER
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

1. Length : 38 mm
2. Density : 1.17 g/cm
3. Elasticity : Not so good
4. Elongation at break : 15 %
5. Moisture : 1.5 – 2 %
6. Strength : 5 gm/denier
7. Color : white

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. It has good resistance to mineral acid.
2. The resistance to weak alkali is fairly good but hot strong alkali damages this fibre.
3. It has excellent resistance to common solvents, oils, greases, and natural salts.

10. MODAL FIBER

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1. Length : 32 mm
2. Strength : 25 cN/tex
3. Elongation at break : 10%
4. Density : 1.514 g/cm
5. Elasticity : high elastic
6. Diameter : 10 mm
7. Color : black and any color

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. Mixed with 2.8 % sodium hydroxide to form viscose solution
2. Conductivity to heat and electricity is good and resistance against oxidizing agent and
solvents is good
3. Resistance to strong acid is poor
 11. ACETATE FIBER
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

1. Length : 1.5- 3 inch

2. Density : 1.32 gm/cc
3. Elasticity : not so good
4. Moisture : 6 %
5. Strength : 0.9 – 1.4 gm/denier
6. Elongation at break : very good
7. Color : white or color less

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1. Strong alkali damages the cellulose acetate fiber greatly.

2. It becomes soluble when immerged in acetic acid solution. Strong acid are harmful for
this fiber
3. It damaged by strong oxidizing agents. But it has enough protection ability against weak
oxidizing and reducing agents

12. LYOCELL FIBER

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

1. Length : 38 mm
2. Strength : 19 cN/tex
3. Moisture : 76 %
4. Density : 0.83 gm/cc
5. Gravity : 0.89 – 0.90
6. Elasticity : high elasticity
7. Color : Transparent

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1. Capable of taking the latest finishing techniques to give unique drape.

2. Easy to process into yarns and fabrics alone or in blends and easy to spin to fine count
yarns
3. Lyocell is 100% cellulose and as such it is biodegradable.