Professional Documents
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In Partial Fulfillment
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February 2018
ABSTRACT
we would like to thank God, for the blessing that he gave to us, and that is to finish our
research paper successfully. we would like to thank our Research Teacher Miss. Lex
Adizon of Riverside College Inc. that helps us to finish our research paper and for giving
us the opportunity to learn and for gaining more knowledge and for guiding us
throughout this research study. miss lex thought us on how to correct our wrong in
doing our research paper. we are thankful for her patience to teach us on our research
paper eventhough she has a lot of responsibilities to manage. we are also thankful for
her kindness. we are also thankful for the persons who help us to finish our research
paper by answering our surveys. we are also thankful to miss jairah and her friends who
validates our research questions. we are also thankful for our family who supports us on
doing our research paper, and also for the teachers that guides us for doing our
research paper. we are also thankful for each one of us in group b1 for helping one
another and for having a teamwork in doing the research paper. we the Group B1 are
thankful to God and for all
List of Tables
List of Figures
Table of Contents
Page
Abstract
Acknowledgement
List of Tables
List of Figures
Introduction
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Framework
Significance of the Study
Scope and Limitations
Definition of Terms
Literature Review
Methods
Research Design
Research Participants
Research Instrument
Data Collection Procedures
Data Analysis
Introduction
Background of the Study
The study is about comparing the buying behavior patterns of Generation X and
Generation Y in purchasing items through physical stores or online shops. The
researchers chose this topic because of the changes happening in terms of the buying
patterns of the adults, youth of today’s generation and other consumers. Also, the
researchers chose this topic because the changes in buying patterns of the customer
can cause a business competition between online shops and physical stores. This will
give knowledge to the business owners what medium, online or traditional, should they
use in reaching their customers through knowing the different buying behavior of the
different generations.
Balakrishman (2015) stated that the online shop appears to be more profitable
and successful than the physical stores, according to Sheridan of CNBC; people go
directly to e- commerce or online shopping and spend more money online once they
became the prime customer. The report of the online shop makes the bricks- and-
mortar or simply known as physical stores as non- profitable business and been
rejected by the customer these days causing the customer to shift their way of retailing.
The competition between the online shops and physical stores is not only the factor for
the customer to shift their buying patterns. Lack of new trends for physical stores is one
of the reasons why customers would choose to spend their money online than spending
in physical stores. Also, the customer would look for even best prices which can be
found through online shops. Traditional retailers of these days covers 20% of today’s
population while the rest are the fast- fashion like retailers. Still, Sheridan stated that the
online shops are still on their early days of profitability and still have something to prove
through the next days. The competition between online store and physical shops can be
triggered by the customer, because of the customers the competition between the two
stores has the possibility to rise up. Through continuously changing of buying patterns,
traditions, and preferences of the customer it can make the competition between the
online store and physical store rise. At the end, everything still depends on the
customer.
Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to determine the significant difference of buying preferences of
Generation X and Generation Y. Specifically, it aimed to answer the following questions:
1. What is the online shopping behavior of Generation X and Generation Y
respondents?
2. What mode of shopping (physical/traditional or online) is preferred by Generation
X and Generation Y respondents?
3. Is there a significant difference between the frequency of online shopping of
Generation X and Generation Y respondents? Is there a significant difference
between the frequency of traditional of Generation X and Generation Y?
Theoretical Framework
Identifying the preferences of the customer in terms of buying is important in
putting up a business. The customer is what a business man keeps in order to gain
value. Indeed, as time goes by the buying behavior of the customer changes. Studying
about the buying behavior of the customer is helpful for the company to make their profit
grow even bigger.
Applebaum (n.d.) an author who writes an article about customer’s buying
behavior in retail store. Applebaum explains that each customer has their own buying
behavior pattern. Buying behavior patterns of a customer is a design of the behavior of
the large number of customers. Customer buying behaviors are not permanently fixed.
Customer buying behavior patterns can be grouped in relation to place of purchase,
items purchased, time and frequency of purchase, method of purchase, and response
to sales promotion devices. Customers divide their purchase among number of stores.
They shop in more than one department store and other specialty stores. Customers
have their choices where store to buy which means their patronage and loyalty is not
permanent. Studies of customer behavior with respect to place of purchased shows that
it is useful in selecting store locations, choosing distributor, and also in merchandising.
In items purchased, the customers buy different kind of product thus; the store must
have different products with different variety. In time and frequency purchased, it is
necessarily to relate the seasons, weather and regional differences and frequency in
purchase depends upon the type of commodity involved. In methods of purchase, the
store must assure that the customers will have their product in a right way and must
serve the customers with good quality service. Lastly, the sales promotion devices can
be grouped under displays, pricing, demonstrations and sales talk. In conclusion buying
behavior patterns of the customer’s changes as time goes by. Keeping the customer
depends on how the store will keep their customers and make them satisfy with the
services they gave.
Conceptual Framework
In this part of the study, it shows the relationship of the variables of the study. The
internet an access can affect the buying behavior pattern of the consumers because
some factors.
Convenience Buying
Time Behavior
Satisfaction with Product Pattern
Internet access
Definition of Terms
The following terms shall be used in the study may help the researchers to define
meaning, to provide a clear direction, and to contextualize the meaning of such terms.
Each term is conceptually and operationally defined.
Generation X- Generation X are those born roughly between 1963-1980 (now aged
early-30s to mid-40s.) often labeled the "slacker" generation (Holroyd, 2011). In the
study, Generation X is those adults’ ages between 41 years- 52 years.
Generation Y- Generation Y are those who born between 1981 and 1994. (Holroyd,
2011). In the study, Generation Y ages 23- 40 years.
Physical store- Physical Store refers to businesses that have physical (rather than
virtual or online) presences - in other words, stores (built of physical material such as
bricks and mortar) that you can drive to and enter physically to see, touch, and
purchase merchandise (Rouse, 2005). In the study, physical Store is an existing
building where products and services are offered to the customers.
Online Shop- Online Shop refers to the purchase and sale of goods and/or services via
electronic channels such as the internet (Andreas Rivera, 2017). In the study, online
Shop is a business through internet.
In this chapter, the researchers will be presenting articles about how this study is
conveyed. Moreover, this chapter tells the buying behavior patterns of Generation X and
Generation Y.
Generation Y (1977-1994)
Generation Y (or the millennial) is one of the first generations to know technology
and the internet from a young age. They consider modern technologies as essential for
their life. Also, they use it in a daily basis. These people very often belong among
innovators or early adopters according to the Innovation Adaption Life Cycle Theory
(Mangold & Smith, 2012)
Generation Y is a strong determinant of online purchasing behavior and it
contributes to the highest percentage of online purchasing (Phanapal, Vasha, &
Subramarian, 2015). Generation Y individuals are highly exposed in technology or
impact of technology because of that they prefer buying in online shops in ease and
prefer online shopping rather than the traditional buying behavior.
Generation X (1945-1964)
Generation X still makes purchases based on traditional search and decision making
methods (Heaney, 2007). They want to hear the features of the products as well as an
explanation of why these features are necessary (Himmael, 2008).
Generation X individuals have many needs and have financial that needs to be in
control. They are not born in knowing the use of technology that is why they still
purchase products through traditional buying practices. They are vigilant when it comes
to buying that is why they keep an eye on the products that they’re going to purchase.
Buying Patterns
Generation X and Generation Y differ in their buying behavior that caused the
retailers to make extra efforts for them to reach out the markets. Companies are now
trying to understand the buyers and tried to be more flexible in their field. 21 st century is
now experiencing an inevitable change, the only way the company could achieve
success is to remain competitive. It is important to reach the customers both in
traditional and new ways. It is important to know the needs and wants of the consumers
to know how to work with them appropriately. To be successful in this globally
competitive market, one should not fail in satisfying the customers.
According to AmitSaha (n.d.), people find it more convenient to purchase
products and services over the internet. Online shopping is now prompting substantial
impact upon the retail stores from the customer satisfaction to the availability of
services. The advent of technology is now inevitable. The retailers should face the
competitive world of business.
Flores (2013) stated that online retailers have pushed the traditional bricks-and-
mortar to enter the e-commerce for them to provide customers online storefronts aside
from their physical stores. Adding an online channel has been their option to cope up
with the latest trends and to reach their customers better. Some of the consumers are
now checking the price and information online and buying the products in physical
stores.
Chang (n.d.) stated that the use of internet as a medium of shopping has
empowered the shoppers to get advantages or shopping benefits. He discussed
advantages in terms of convenience and time-saving, powerful research instrument,
lower search costs and better product selection, better price information and lower
prices. Due to this, the internet encourages other stores to compete with them.
Williams and Page (n.d.) discussed that each generation has unique
characteristics that influenced their buying behavior. Many companies are now reaching
out the multi-generational consumers and try to understand these diverse buyers.
This study focuses in the differences of Generation X and Generation Y buying
behavior patterns which has not yet been studied in Bacolod City. This will help other
studies to know the buying preferences, online shops or physical stores, of the multi-
generational consumers.
Research Methodology
This chapter clearly defines the research methods used to conduct the study.
The researchers explain how the data and information was gathered and analysed.
Explanations for the research design, research instruments, participants of the study,
and the data collection procedures used are given.
Research Design
The research design for this study is Survey-comparative research. The design
of the study is a combination of Survey Research and Quasi-Experimental Research
Design. According to Kowaiczyk (2013) the Survey Research design is a brief interview
of discussions with the respondents with a specific topic. Survey is used to collect the
information. Kowaiczyk (2013) states that Quasi Experimental Research Design
demonstrates the cause and effect and not manipulating the independent variable. The
researchers are going to gather data through Google form. The research questions are
verified by the professionals in the field of our study. The researchers will be able to
compare the difference between the buying behavior patterns of Generation X and
Generation Y.
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Business Establishment Home Office School
No
39% Yes
61%
No
43% Yes
57%
The respondents were asked on which items they shop online. As seen in Figure
4, Most of the respondents from Generation X (38%) and Generation Y (47%) bought
clothing online. The least item that Generation X bought online is home ware (7%) and
for Generation Y is gadgets (15%) However, some respondents of Generation X (29%)
answered that they do not buy any items online.
None
Clothing
Homeware
Gadgets
Accessories
Homeware
Gadgets
Clothing
Accessories
71%
Table 7. Generation X preference of mode of buying
15%
Buying from Online Shops
Buying from Physical Stores
85%
The respondents were asked to answer the question indicating the reason
behind choosing physical or online store.
Most of the respondents from Generation X (73%) and Generation Y (83%)
choose physical stores because of the assurance of the quality of the product. Other
respondents from Generation X (27%) and Generation Y (17%) choose online store
because of the ease of access, fast transaction, and having cheaper price than items
from physical stores. This implies that most of the respondents still prefer to buy items
at the physical stores because of the quality satisfaction of the product that it can give to
the buyers.
Table 8. Generation X reason behind for choosing between physical or online store
Reason for Choosing Physical or Online Store by Gen X
Respondents (N=66)
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Online Shop, because of the ease of Physical stores, because I have the
access, fast transaction, and its cheaper assurance on the quality of the product,
than buying from physical stores either I can test it or touch it
Table 9. Generation Y reason behind for choosing between physical or online store
Reason for Choosing Physical or Online Store by Gen
Y Respondents (N=65)
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Online Shop, because of the ease of Physical stores, because I have the
access, fast transaction, and its cheaper assurance on the quality of the product,
than buying from physical stores either I can test it or touch it
CONCLUSION
Generation Y are the people who are more exposed to the technology. They use it
in their daily basis. Even though Generation X keep an eye on the products that they
want to purchase, some of them still had shopped online. Generation X and Generation
have different means of having an internet access. Due to this, the two generations
have a chance to purchase an item online. Some of them buy clothing, home ware,
gadgets and accessories. This shows that online shopping is prevalent to the
respondents.
Companies are now trying to understand the buyers and being more flexible in their
field. Yet, most the customers from Generation X and Generation Y prefer traditional
stores as their mode of buying. The reason behind this is that they can either touch or
feel the product which give an assurance of its quality.
In terms of the frequency of physical shopping of Generation X and Generation Y,
there is no significant difference as well as in the frequency of traditional shopping of
Generation X and Generation Y. Though the use of internet in purchasing had
empowered the customers, some still make purchases based on traditional search.
References List
http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/diet-and-fitness/talkin-bout-my-label-20110720-
1ho7s.html
Direction: Kindly select your answers and put a check on the following designated area
(checkbox).
Evaluator’s information
Name of the Evaluator:
Age: Generation X (41 yrs. – 52 yrs.) Millennial (23 yrs. -41 yrs. )
Internet access: Home School Office
Credit card holder: Yes No
Comments and Suggestions:
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