Unit 1 Worksheet Packet KEY

Name Period

Worksheet 1 (Goals 1 – 6)

SECTION 2.1 PROPERTIES of MATTER (pages 34 – 37)

This section helps you identify the characteristics of matter and substances. It teaches you how to differentiate among
the three states of matter. It also defines a physical property and lists examples of physical properties and physical
changes.

Describing Matter (pages 34 –35)

1. What is matter?

Matter has mass and takes up space.

2. The mass of an object is the amount of matter the object contains.

3. What is an extensive property?

An extensive property depends on the amount of matter in a substance.

4. What is an intensive property?

An intensive property depends on the type of matter in a sample.

5. Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a substance.

6. How many kinds of matter does a pure substance contain? one

7. Is the following sentence true or false? All samples of a substance have different physical properties. false

8. A physical property is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the
substance’s composition.

9. Circle the letter of the term that is NOT a physical property.

a. odor b. density c. boiling point d. corrosion

10. Is the following sentence true or false? A chemist can help identify a substance by its physical properties. true

States of Matter (pages 36 –37)

11. Circle the letter of the term that is NOT a physical state of matter.
a. water
b. gas
c. liquid
d. solid
12. Match each arrangement of the particles in matter with a physical state.

Physical State Arrangement

c gas a. packed tightly together
b liquid b. close, but not rigidly packed
a solid c. spaced far apart

13. Is the following sentence true or false? The words gas and vapor can be used interchangeably. false

14. The term gas is limited to those substances that exist in the gaseous state at ordinary temperature and pressure.

15. What is vapor?

Vapor is a gas in equilibrium with liquid at room temperature.

Physical Changes (page 37)

16. A physical change alters a given material without changing its chemical composition.

17. What are some words that describe physical change? cut, grind, bend, melt, boil, dissolve

18. What do boiling, melting and freezing have in common? all are physical changes

SECTION 2.2 MIXTURES (pages 38 – 41)

This section explains how to categorize a sample of matter as a substance or a mixture. It also teaches you how to
distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous samples of matter.

Classifying Mixtures (pages 38 –39)

19. Is the following sentence true or false? Most samples of matter are mixtures. true

20. What is a mixture? physical blend of two or more substances

21. Is the following sentence true or false? A heterogeneous mixture is one that has a completely uniform composition.
false

22. What is another name for a homogeneous mixture? solution

23. Circle the letter of the term that describes a part of a system with uniform composition and properties.
a. solution
b. mixture
c. state
d. phase

24. How many phases exist in these types of mixtures?

a. Homogeneous one

b. Heterogeneous two or more

Match each type of solution with an example of it.
25. b solid-solid a. sugar water

26. a solid-liquid b. carbon mixed with iron to form steel

27. c gas-liquid c. soda water

28. d gas-gas d. air

Separating Mixtures (pages 40 –41)

29. Is the following sentence true or false? It is always easy to separate the components in mixtures. false

SECTION 2.3 ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS (pages 42 –47)

This section explains the difference between an element and a compound. It also helps you identify the chemical symbols
of common elements, and name common elements, given their symbols.

Distinguishing Elements and Compounds (pages 42 –43)

30. What are the two groups into which substances can be classified? elements and compounds

31. Is the following sentence true or false? Elements can be separated easily into simpler substances. false

32. Compounds are substances that can be separated into simpler substances only by chemical means.

33. Is the following sentence true or false? The properties of compounds are different from those of their component
elements. true

Distinguishing Substances and Mixtures (page 44)

34. Is the following sentence true or false? The elements that make-up a substance is always present in the same
proportions. true

Symbols and Formulas (pages 45 –47)

35. What is used to represent each element? chemical symbol

36. What are chemical symbols used for? represent elements

37. The subscript numbers in chemical formulas represent the proportions of the various elements in the chemical
formula.

38. Use the periodic table to answer the following questions.

a. Pb is the symbol for what element? lead

b. What is the symbol for gold? Au

c. Stibium is the Latin name for which element? antimony

SECTION 2.4 CHEMICAL REACTIONS (pages 48 –50)
This section helps you differentiate between physical and chemical changes in matter. It also teaches you how to apply
the law of conservation of mass.

Chemical Changes (page 48)

39. What happens in a chemical reaction?

Reactants are converted to products.

40. What is a chemical property?

A property observed by changing a substance’s chemical composition.

41. Is the following sentence true or false? Chemical properties are observed only when a substance undergoes a
chemical change. true

42. In chemical reactions, the starting substances are called reactants and the substances formed are called products.

43. Circle the letter of the term that best completes the sentence. A chemical change _______ results in a change in
chemical composition of the substances involved.
a. sometimes
b. rarely
c. always
d. never

Recognizing Chemical Reactions (page 49)

44. What are some words that describe chemical change? formation of gas/solid/liquid, energy, irreversibility

45. Which representation of a chemical reaction is correct?

a. Products  Reactants
b. Reactants  Products

Conservation of Mass (page 50)

46. During a chemical reaction, the mass of products is always equal to the mass of the reactants.

47. The law of conservation of mass states that in any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is neither created nor
destroyed.
 Chemical vs. Physical Properties, Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

Name Period

Worksheet 2 (Goals 1 – 6)

1. In your own words, differentiate between the following terms:

Chemical Change and a Physical Change

A chemical change is a change resulting in a new substance with a different chemical

composition.

A physical change is a change resulting in the same substance without a change in chemical
composition.
Chemical Property and Physical Property

A chemical property is the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change.

A physical property is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or

measured without changing the substance’s chemical composition.
2. Indicate whether the following are physical or chemical changes.

a. Melting candle wax Physical

b. Tearing Mg ribbon Physical

c. Adding HCl to Mg Chemical

d. Tearing Paper Physical

e. Grinding CuSO4 Physical

f. Burning Paper Chemical

g. Heating CuSO4 Chemical or Physical

h. Dissolving NaCl Physical

i. Mixing NaCl and Sand Physical

3. Describe the difference between elements, compounds, and mixtures. Give an example of an element, which is
then in a compound, which is also in a mixture.

Elements are the simplest form of matter with a unique set of properties and cannot be
broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
Compounds are substances containing two or more elements chemically combined in fixed
proportions.

Mixtures are physical blends of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.

Example: Oxygen is an element in the compound H2O in the mixture salt water.
4. Can a compound be broken down to smaller components (i.e. elements or smaller compounds) by physical means?
Use an example to support your position.

A compound cannot be broken down into smaller components by physical means because
substances are chemically combined. Compounds can only be broken down into simpler
substances by chemical means.

Example: Water, H2O, can’t be separated into hydrogen and oxygen by boiling it.
5. Describe the difference between a homogenous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture. Provide an example of each
and explain why they homogeneous or heterogeneous.

A homogeneous mixture is uniform throughout and visibly indistinguishable. Salt water is

an example of a homogeneous mixture. The salt solution is uniform throughout with no
distinguishable parts.

A heterogeneous mixture is not uniform throughout and has visibly distinguishable parts. A
salad is a heterogeneous mixture. There are many different regions of differing
composition in a salad.
6. Discuss why physical properties are better to use to separate mixtures than chemical properties. Use an example to
illustrate your point.

Since mixtures are physical blends of two or more substances, they are can be separated by
utilizing the differences in the unique physical properties of each component of the
mixture. It is easier to separate salt water by simply boiling away the water than to
produce a reaction to react with each component of a mixture and then separate the new
compounds (and reverse the reaction to get the original compounds).
 Qualitative vs. Quantitative, Accuracy vs. Precision

Name Period

Worksheet 3 (Goal 8)

1. Identify the following as quantitative or qualitative measurements.

a. A flame is hot. Qualitative

b. A candle has a mass of 90 g. Quantitative
c. Wax is soft. Qualitative
d. A candle’s height decreased 4.2 cm/hr. Quantitative

2. Which of these synonyms or characteristics apply to the concept of accuracy? Which apply to the
concept of precision?

a. multiple measurements Precision

b. correct Accuracy
c. repeatable Precision
d. reproducible Precision
e. single measurement Accuracy
f. true value Accuracy

3. Under which circumstances could a series of measurements of the same quantity be precise but not
accurate?

A series of measurements is precise as long as they are reproducible. To be accurate, a measurement

must be compared to an accepted or true value. If a series of measurements are reproducible, but
no true value is known they cannot necessarily be described as accurate.

4. Comment on the accuracy and precision of these basketball free-throw shooters.

a. 99 of 100 shots are made. Precise and Accurate

b. 99 of 100 shots hit the front of the rim and bounce off. Precise

c. 33 of 100 shots are made; rest miss. Neither Precise nor Accurate

5. A student estimated the volume of a liquid in a beaker as 200 ml. When she poured the liquid into a
graduated cylinder, she measured the volume as 208 ml. What is the percent error of the estimated
volume from the beaker, taking the measurement in the graduated cylinder as the accepted value?

|208 200 |
% = 100 = 3.8%
208
 Significant Figures

Name Period

Worksheet 4 (Goals 10 and 11)

1. How many significant figures are there in each of the following quantities?

a. 20 miles 1 d. 0.010 s 2 g. 8.9 x 10-2 kg 2

b. 0.0051 g 2 e. 90.4oC 3 h. 0.00900 L 3

c. 11 m 2 f. 404 people ∞ i. 22,000 s 2

2. Round each of these measurements to three significant figures.

a. 98.473 L 98.5 L c. 57.048 m 57.0 m e. 0.0074983 x 104 mm 75.0 mm

b. 0.0076321 cg 0.00763 cg d. 12.17 oC 12.2 oC f. 1764.9 ml 1760 ml

3. Write each of the rounded measurements in problem 2 in scientific notation.

a. 9.85 x 101 L c. 5.70 x 101 m e. 7.50 x 101 mm

b. 7.63 x 10-3 cg d. 1.22 x 101 oC f. 1.76 x 103 mL

4. Round off the following numbers to the number of significant figures indicated.

a. 1.034 g (2 sig fig) 1.0 g c. 0.000062 L (2 sig fig) 6.2 x 10-5 L e. 739.51 ml (3 sig fig) 7.40 x 102
ml
d. 1.549 mm (1 sig fig) 2 mm
b. 40.06 s (3 sig fig) 40.1 s f. 82.000 kg (1 sig fig) 80 kg

5. Express the following calculations in the proper 6. Express the following calculations in the proper
number of significant figures and units. number of significant figures.

a. 129 g / 29.2 cm3 4.42 g/cm3 a. 22 g + 14.3 g + 97.03 g 133 g

b. 0.098 m / 45.4 s2 0.0022 m/s2 b. 34.66 cm + 19.1 cm 53.8 cm
c. 1.551 m x 3.260 m 5.056 m2 c. 84.239 ml - 77.8 ml 6.4 ml
d. 60 cm x 11111 cm 7 x 105 cm2 d. 5.999 g – 4 g 2g
e. 3.02 mm x 500.0 mm x 0.0023 mm e. 71.6 K + 45.32 K - 6.2 K 110.7 K
3.5 mm3
7. Water with a mass of 35.4 g is added to an empty flask with a mass of 87.432 g. The mass of the flask and the
water is 146.72 g after a rubber stopper is added. Express the mass of the stopper to the correct number of
significant figures.

mass of stopper = total mass – (mass of water + mass of flask)

mass of stopper = 146.72 g – (87.432 g + 35.4 g) = 23.9 g

8. A student measures the mass of an object to be 195.3 grams using an electronic balance. When placed in a
graduated cylinder, the object displaced 9.9 ml of water. What is the density of the object?

D = m/v = 195.3 g/9.9 ml = 2.0 x 101 g/ml

9. What is the volume of a glass cylinder with an inside diameter of 6.0 cm and a height of 28 cm?
(The volume of a cylinder equals pi x radius squared x height)

V = (D/2)2H = (6.0 cm/2)228 cm = 790 cm3

 Metric Unit Conversions and Dimensional Analysis

Name Period

Worksheet 5 (Goals 12 – 14)

1 km = 1000 m 1 kg = 1000 g 1 L = 1000 mL Kelvin = oC + 273

1 m = 10 dm 1 g = 10 dg 1 ml = 1 cm3
100 cm 100 cg
1000 mm 1000 mg
1 x 106 µm 1 x 106 µg
1 x 109 nm 1 x 109 ng
Convert the Following Units: Show All of Your Work (Use Dimensional Analysis)
63 m → km
1
63 = 0.063
1000

0.885 m → mm
1000
0.885 = 885
1

98.33 kg → g
1000
98.33 = 98,330
1

89 cm → m
1
89 = 0.89
100
450 mL → L
1
450 = 0.45
1000

36 oC → K
Kelvin = 36℃ + 273 = 309 K

6.3 x 103 mg → g
1
6.3 × 10 = 6.3
1000

0.049 L → mL
1000
0.049 = 49
1

423 K →oC
℃ = 423 273 = 150℃
1. List the SI base unit for each of these quantities.

a. time second (s) c. temperature Kelvin (K)

b. length meter (m) d. mass kilogram (kg)

2. Which would melt first, germanium (m.p. 1,210 K) or gold (m.p. 1,064 oC)?
o
C = 1,210 K – 273 = 937 oC
Germanium would melt first because it has a lower melting point.
3. A quarter has a mass of about 5.65 g. Express this mass in milligrams, kilograms and micrograms.

5.65
= 5.65 10 5.65
= 5.65 10

5.65
= 5.65 10

4. Write the following numbers in scientific notation.

a. 0.123 1.23x10-1
d. 1,000,000 1x106
b. 25,004 2.5004x104
e. 0.00493 4.93x10-3
c. 0.00078 7.8x10-4

5. Which is larger?

a. 1 centigram or 1 milligram d. 1 millisecond or 1 centisecond

b. 1 liter or 1 centiliter e. 1 microliter or 1 milliliter

c. 1 calorie or 1 kilocalorie f. 1 cubic millimeter or 1 cubic

decimeter

6. Make the following conversions.

a. 0.44 ml/min to microliters per second
0.44 1 1 10 μ 1
= 7.3 μ /
1 1000 1 60
b. 7.86 g/cm2 to milligrams per square millimeter
7.86 1000 100 1
= 78.6 /
1 1 1 1000
c. 1.54 kg/L to grams per cubic centimeter
1.54 1000 1 1
= 1.54 /
1 1 1000 1
7. A tank measuring 28.6 cm by 73.0 mm by 0.72 m is filled with olive oil that has a mass of 1.38 x 104 g.
What is the density of olive oil in kilograms per liter?
= =

1 100
28.6 ; 73.0 = 7.30 ; 0.72 = 72
10 1
= = 28.6 7.30 72 = 1.5 10
1.38 10 1 1 1000
= = 0.92 /
1.5 10 1000 1 1