1.

What is the mass in grams of solute in

(a) 450 mL of 0.164 M H2O2?
(b) 27.0 mL of 8.75 x 10-4 M benzoic acid (122 g/mol)?
(c) 3.50 L of a solution that contains 21.7 ppm of SnC12?
(d) 21.7 mL of 0.0125 M KBrO3?

Solution:

(a)

0.164 mol H 2 O 2 L 34.02 g H 2 O 2

0.164 M H 2 O 2 ≡ × × ×450 mL¿ 2.51 g H 2 O 2
L 1000 mL mol H 2 O 2
(b)

−4 8.75 ×1 0−4 mol benzoicacid L 122 g benzoicacid

8.75 ×1 0 M benzoicacid ≡ × × ×
L 1000 mL mol benzoicacid
27.0 mL=2.88 ×1 0−3 g benzoic acid
21.7 mg SnC l 2 g
(c) 21.7 ppm SnC l 2 ≡ × × 3.50 L=0.0760 g SnC l 2
L 1000 mg
(d)

0.0125 mol KBr O3 L 167 g KBr O3

0.0125 M KBr O3 ≡ × × ×21.7 mL
L 1000 mL mol KBr O3
¿ 0.0453 g KBr O3
 2. What mass of solid La(IO3)3 (663.6 g/mo1) is formed when 50.0 mL of 0.250 M La 3+ are
mixed with 75.0 mL of 0.302 M IO3?

Solution:
3+ ¿
a L
3 +¿≡ 0.250mol L × ×50.0 mL=1.25× 1 0−2 mol L a3+¿ ¿ ¿¿
L 1000mL
0.250 M L a
−¿
O3 L −2 −¿ ¿
−¿≡0.302 mol I × ×75.0 mL=2.27 × 1 0 mol I O3 ¿ ¿
0.302 M I O 3 L 1000 mL Because each mole of La(IO3)3 requires

three moles IO3-, IO3- becomes the limiting reagent. Thus,

2.27 ×1 0−2 mol I O 3−¿×mol La¿¿¿

3. Calculate the solubility-product constant for each of the following substances, given that
the molar concentrations of their saturated solutions are as indicated:
(a) CuSeO3 (1.42 x 10-4 M).
(b) Pb(IO3 )2 (4.3 x10-5 M).
(c) SrF2 (8.6 x 10-4 M).
(d) Th(OH)4 (3.3 x 10-4 M)

Solution:

(a)

→ 2+¿+Se O 2−¿ K sp =¿ ¿
¿
¿CuSe O3 (s) Cu ¿ 2.02 ×1 0−8
3

←
(b)
¿Pb ¿
(c)

→ 2+¿+2 F −¿K sp=¿¿

¿
¿Sr F2 (s ) Sr
←
(d)
¿Th ¿
4. What weight of sodium formate must be added to 400.0 mL of 1.00 M formic acid to
produce a buffer solution that has a pH of 3.50?

Solution:
pH=3.50= p K a + log¿ ¿ ¿log ¿ ¿ ¿

1.00 mole L
1.00 M HCOOH≡ × × 400.0 mL=0. 400 mole HCOOH
L 1000 mL
mole HCOO−¿=(0.569)×(0.400 mole HCOOH)=0. 228mole ¿

1 mole HCOONa
−¿ × ¿
−¿ 67.997 g
1 moleHCO O × =15.5 g ¿
1 mole
weight HCOONa=0.228 mole HCOO

5. Calculate the ionic strength of a solution that is

(a) 0.040 M in FeSO4
(b) 0.20 M in (NH4)2CrO4
(c) 0.10 M in FeCl3 and 0.20 M in FeCl2
(d) 0.060 M in La(NO3)3 and 0.030 M in Fe(NO3)2

Solution:

1
(a) μ= ¿
2
1
(b) μ= ¿
2
1
(c) μ= ¿
2
1
(d) μ= ¿
2
6. For a solution in which µ is 5.0 x 10-2, calculate K’sp for
(a) AgSCN
(b) PbI2
(c) La(IO3)2
(d) MgNH4PO4

Solution:

(a)

K sp
μ=5.0× 10−2 γ A g K sp' =
+¿
=0.80 γ SC N −¿
=0.81 ¿ ¿ γ +¿
−12
1.1 × 1 0 −12
¿
A g γ SC N =
−¿ =1.7 ×1 0 ¿
(0.80 )(0.81)
 (b)

K sp
μ=5.0× 10−2 γ P b K sp' =
2+ ¿
=0.46 γI −¿
=0.80¿ ¿ γ 2 +¿ 7.9 × 1 0
−9 ¿
Pb γI =−¿ ¿
(0.45)¿¿

(c)

K sp
μ=5.0× 10−2 γ La K sp' =
3+ ¿
=0.24 γ I O 3
−¿
=0.82¿ ¿ γ 3+ ¿ 1.0× 1 0
−11 ¿
La γIO = −¿ ¿
3
(0.24)¿ ¿

(d)

K sp
μ=5.0× 10−2 γ M g K sp' =
γM g
2+ ¿
=0.52 γN H +¿
=0.80 γ ¿ ¿ 2+¿ ¿
γ
4 3−¿
PO
4
=0.16 ¿
+¿
−13
3.0 ×1 0 −12
¿
NH4 γ =
3−¿ =4.5 × 10 ¿
PO (0.52)(0.80 )(0.16)
4

7. Dilute NaOH is introduced into a solution that is 0.050 M in Cu2+ and 0.040 M in Mn2+.
(a) Which hydroxide precipitates first?
(b) What OH- concentration is needed to initiate precipitation of the first hydroxide?
(c) What is the concentration of the cation forming the less soluble hydroxide when the
more soluble hydroxide begins to form?

Solution:

[Cu2+][OH-]2 = 4.810-20 [Mn2+][OH-]2 = 210-13

(a) Cu(OH)2 precipitates first
(b) Cu2+ begins to precipitate when
[OH-] = √ 4.8 ×1 0−20 /0.050 = 9.810-10 M
(c) Mn2+ begins to precipitate when
[OH-] = √ 2× 10−13 /0.040 = 2.210-6
[Cu2+] = 4.810-20/(2.210-6)2 = 9.610-9 M
8. Silver ion is being considered as a reagent for separating I- from SCN- in a solution that is
0.060 M in KI and 0.070 M in NaSCN.
(a) What Ag+ concentration is needed to lower the I- concentration to 1.0 x 10-6 M?
 (b) What is the Ag+ concentration of the solution when AgSCN begins to precipitate?
(c) What is the ratio of SCN- to I- when AgSCN begins to precipitate?
(d) What is the ratio of SCN- to I- when the Ag+ concentration is 1.0 x 10-3 M?

Solution:

(a) [Ag+] = Ksp/[I-] = 8.310-17/(1.010-6) = 8.310-11 M

(b) [Ag+] = Ksp/[SCN-] = 1.110-12/(0.070) = 1.610-11 M
(c) [I-] when [Ag+] = 1.610-11 M
[I-] = 8.310-17/(1.610-11) = 5.210-6 M
[SCN-]/[I-] = 0.070/(5.210-6) = 1.3104
(d) [I-] = 8.310-17/(1.010-3) = 8.310-14 M
[SCN-] = 1.110-12/(1.010-3) = 1.110-9 M
[SCN-]/[I-] = 1.110-9/(8.310-14) = 1.3104
Note that this ratio is independent of [Ag+] as long as some AgSCN(s) is present.

9. A 0.8102-g sample of impure AI2(CO3)3 decomposed with HCI; the liberated CO 2 was
collected on calcium oxide and found to weigh 0.0515 g. Calculate the percentage of
aluminum in the sample.

Solution:

1 mole C O2
A l 2 ¿0.0515 g C O 2 × ×1 mole A l 2 ¿¿¿ 0.02105 g Al
44.01 g C O2

0.02105 g Al
×100 %=2.60 % Al
0.8102 g impure sample

10. A 0.2121-g sample of an organic compound was burned in a stream of oxygen, and the
CO2 produced was collected in a solution of barium hydroxide. Calculate the percentage
of carbon in the sample if 0.6006 g of BaCO3 was formed.

Solution:
 1 mole BaC O3 1 mole C 12.011 g C
0.6006 g BaC O3 × × ×
197.34 g 1 mole BaC O3 1mole C
×100 %=17.23 % C
0.2121 g sample

11. A 6.881-g sample containing magnesium chloride and sodium chloride was dissolved in
sufficient water to give 500 mL of solution. Analysis for the chloride content of a 50.0-
mL aliquot resulted in the formation of 0.5923 g of AgCl. The magnesium in a second
50.0-mL aliquot was precipitated as MgNH 4PO4; on ignition, 0.1796 g of Mg 2P2O7 was
found. Calculate the percentage of MgCl2· 6H2O and of NaCl in the sample.

Solution:
M M g P O =222.55 g /mole M NaCl =58.44 g/mole M MgCl •6 H O=203.32 g /mole
2 2 7 2 2

1mole M g2 P 2 O7 2 moles MgC l 2 ⋅6 H 2 O

0.1796 g M g2 P2 O7 × × =¿
222.55 g 1mole M g2 P 2 O7

1 mole AgCl
1.61402× 1 0−3 mole MgC l 2 ⋅6 H 2 O0.5923 g AgCl × =4.13268 ×1 0−3 mole AgCl
143.32 g

2moles AgCl
1.61402× 1 0−3 mole MgC l 2 •6 H 2 O × =3.22804 ×1 0−3 mole AgCl
1 mole MgC l 2 ⋅ 6 H 2 O

1 mole NaCl
( 4.13268× 10−3−3.228 ×1 0−3 ) mole AgCl × =9.0464 × 1 0−4 mole NaCl
1 mole AgCl

203.32 g MgC l 2 ⋅ 6 H 2 O 500.0 mL

1.61402×1 0−3 mole MgC l 2 • 6 H 2 O× ×
1 mole 50.0 mL
× 100 %
6.881 g sample
¿ 47.69 % MgC l 2 ⋅ 6 H 2 O

58.44 g NaCl 500.0 mL

9.0464 ×1 0−4 mole NaCl× ×
1mole 50.0 mL
× 100 %=7.68 % NaCl
6.881 g sample

12. The phosphorus in a 0.1969-g sample was precipitated as the slightly soluble (NH 4)3PO4
• 12MoO3. This precipitate was filtered, washed, and then redissolved in acid. Treatment
of the resulting solution with an excess of Pb 2+ resulted in the formation of 0.2554 g of
PbMoO4. Express the results of this analysis in terms of percent P2O5.
Solution:

M PbMo O =367.14 g /mole M P O =141.94 g/mole

4 2 5

1 mole PbMo O 4 −4
mol PbMo O 4 =0.2554 g PbMo O 4 × =6.9565× 10 mol PbMo O 4
367.14 g
1mole P 1 mole P 2 O5 141.94 g P2 O 5
( 6.9565 ×1 0−4 mol PbMo O4 ×
12moles PbMo O4
×
2 mole P
×
1 mole )
×100 %
0.1969 g sample
¿ 2.089 % P2 O 5

13. A 0.4000-g sample that assayed 96.4% Na2SO4 required 41.25 mL of a barium chloride
solution. Reaction:
Ba2+ + SO42-  BaSO4(s)
Calculate the analytical molarity of BaCl2 in the solution.

Solution:
g 2−¿→BaS O 4 (s )¿
M N a S O =142.04 2+¿+ S O ¿
mole B a
4
2 4

96.4 g N a2 S O 4 1 mole N a2 S O4 1 mole BaC l 2 1000 mmol

0.4000 g sample × × × ×
100 g sample 142.04 g 1mole N a2 S O 4 mole
41.25 mL
¿ 0.06581 M BaC l2

14. A carbonate fusion was needed to free the Bi from a 0.6423-g sample containing the
mineral eulytite (2Bi2O3 • 3SiO2 ). The fused mass was dissolved in dilute acid,
following which the Bi3+ was titrated with 27.36 mL of 0.03369 M NaH2PO4. The
reaction is

Bi3+ +H2PO4-  BiPO4(s) + 2H+

Calculate the percent purity of eulytite (1112 g/mol) in the sample.

Solution:
 +¿ ¿
−¿→ BiPO4 (s)+2 H ¿
3 +¿+ H 2 P O 4 ¿
Bi
0.03369 mmol Na H 2 P O 4
mol Na H 2 P O 4= ×27.36 mL=0.921758 mol Na H 2 PO 4
mL
3 +¿
i
3 +¿=0.921758 mol NaH 2 P O4 ×1 mmol B =0.921758mol B i3+ ¿¿ ¿¿
1 mmol Na H 2 P O4 % purity eulytite=¿¿ ¿
mol B i
¿ 39.90 % eulytite

15. What is the pH of a solution that is 2.00 x 10 -8 M in NaOH? (Hint: In such a dilute
solution, you must take into account the contribution of H20 to the hydroxide ion
concentration.)

Solution:

The solution is so dilute that we must take into account the contribution of water to [OH-] which
is equal to [H3O+]. Thus,
−14
[OH-] = 2.0010-8 + [H3O+] = 2.0010-8 + 1.00× 10
¿¿
[OH-]2 – 2.0010-8[OH-] – 1.0010-14 = 0
[OH-] = 1.10510-7
pOH = -log 1.10510-7 = 6.957 and pH = 14.00 – 6.957 = 7.04

16. A 0.3125-g sample of primary standard Na2CO3 was treated with 40.00 mL of dilute
perchloric acid. The solution was boiled to remove CO 2, following which the excess
HCI04 was back-titrated with 10.12 mL of dilute NaOH. In a separate experiment, it was
established that 27.43 mL of the HClO 4 neutralized the NaOH in a 25.00-mL portion.
Calculate the molarities of the HClO4 and NaOH.

Solution:
V HCl O 27.43 mL HCl O4 mL HClO 4
= 4
=1.0972 The volume of HClO4 required to titrate 0.3125 g
V NaOH 25.00 mL NaOH mL NaOH
Na2CO3 is

1.0972 mL HClO4
40.00 mL HCl O4 − 10.12 mL NaOH × ( mL NaOH )
=28.896 mL HCl O4Thus ,
 0.3125 g N a2 C O 3 1 mole N a2 C O 3 2 mole HCl O 4 1000 mmol
× × × =0.2041 M HCl O 4¿
28.896 mL HCl O 4 105.99 g 1mole N a2 C O3 mole

V HCl O
c NaOH =c HClO × 4

4
V NaOH

0.2041 mole HClO 4 1.0972 mL HClO 4 1 mole NaOH

¿ 0.2041 M ≡ × × =0.2239 M NaOH
L mL NaOH mole HCl O 4

17. A solution is 0.0500 M in NH4Cl and 0.0300 M in NH3. Calculate its OH-concentration
and its pH
(a) neglecting activity corrections
(b) taking activities coefficients into account.

Solution:

(a) NH4+ + H2O  H3O+ + NH3 5.7010-5 = ¿ ¿

[NH3] = 0.0300 and [NH4+] = 0.0500
[H3O+] = 5.7010-10  0.0500/0.0300 = 9.5010-10
[OH-] = 1.0010-14/9.5010-10 = 1.0510-5
pH = -log (9.5010-10) = 9.022
(b)  = ½ {(0.0500)(+1)2 + (0.0500)(-1)2} = 0.0500
From Table 10-2 γ NH +¿
4
¿ = 0.80 and γ N H = 1.0
3

aH 3
O+ ¿= K a γ N H
+¿
¿¿
¿¿ = 7.6010-10
4

pH = -log (7.6010-10) = 9.12