2.

 The largest frequency that will be returned to the Earth when transmitted vertically under ionospheric
conditions is called the
A.Critical frequency
B
Optimum Working Frequency (OWF)
.
C.Maximum Usable Frequency (MUF)
D.skip zone

3. The critical frequency at a particular time is 11.6 MHz. What is the MUF for a transmitting station if the
required angle of incidence for propagation to a desired destination is 70°?
A.12.3 MHz
B.33.9 Hz
C.33.9 MHz
D.12.3 Hz

4. Troposheric scatter radio

A
uses molecules in the Earth’s troposphere to scatter some radio energy back to Earth
.
B.has a limited capability for data transmission
C
is not widely used commercially
.
D.all of the above

5. A microwave-transmitting antenna is 550 ft high. The receiving antenna is 200 ft high. The maximum
transmission distance is
A.53.2 km
B.53.2 ft
C.53.2 mi
D
53.2 m
.

6. Sky wave cannot be “heard”

A
close to the transmitter
.
B.far from the transmitter
C.in the silent zone
D.in the skip zone

8. When the magnetic field is perpendicular to the surface of the Earth, what is the polarization of the
TEM wave?
Circula
A.
r
B
Elliptical
.
C.Vertical
D.Horizontal

9. What causes tropospheric ducting of radio waves?

A.A very low pressure area
B.An aurora to the north
C
Lightning between the transmitting and receiving antenna
.
D
A temperature inversion
.

10. _________ is the amount of voltage induced in a wave by an electromagnetic wave.

A.Receiver voltage
B.Field strength
C.Magnetic induction
D.Power density

11. The characteristic impedance of free space is

A.not known
B.50Ω
C.infinite
D.377Ω

12. Microwave signals propagate by way of the

A.direct wave
B
sky wave
.
C
surface wave
.
D.standing wave

13. Which ionospheric region is closest to the Earth?

A.A region
B
E Region
.
C
D region
.
D
F region
.

14. If a radio receiver needs 1 nW/m2 of power density to function, how far away from a 1-W point source
will it continue to work?
A.8.9 km
B
8.9 m
.
C.9.8 km
D
9.8 m
.

15. Which of the following are electromagnetic?

A.radio waves
B.light
C.gamma rays
D.all of the above

16. What power must a point-source of radio waves transmit so that the power density at 3000 meters
from the source is 1 µW/m2?
A
113 kW
.
B.113 W
C.131 W
D
131 kW
.

17. The ionization causes the signal to be

A.diffused
B.absorbed
C.refracted
D
reflected
.

19. The ionosphere has the greatest effect on signals in what frequency range?
A
300 kHz
.
B.3 to 30 MHz
C.30 to 300 MHz
D.above 300 MHz

20.  In a vacuum, the speed of light

A.depends on its constant
B
depends on its wavelength
.
C.depends on its electric and magnetic field
D.is a universal constant
21. The absorption of radio waves by the atmosphere depends on
A
their frequency
.
B
their distance from the transmitter
.
C
the polarization of the wave
.
D
the polarization of the atmosphere
.

22. Ground-wave communications is most effective in what frequency range?

A
300 kHz to 3 MHz
.
B.3 to 30 MHz
C.30 to 300 MHz
D.above 300 MHz

23.  Diffraction of electromagnetic waves

A
is caused by reflections from the ground wave
.
B
arrives only with spherical wavefronts
.
C.will occur around edge of a sharp obstacle

24. What causes the ionosphere to absorb radio waves?

A.The weather below the ionosphere
B.The ionization of the D region
C.The presence of the ionized cloud in the E region
D
The splitting of the E region
.

25. A transmitter has a power output of 115 W at a carrier frequency of 525 MHz. It is connected to an
antenna with a power gain of 100 . The receiving antenna is 20,000 m away and has a power gain of
10. Calculate the power delivered to the receiver, assuming free-space propagation. Assume also
that there are no losses or mismatches in the system.
A.595 nW
B.595 pW
C.56.9 nW
D.56.9 W

26. Microwave and UHF systems have which of the following in common?

A
Both provide fade-free communications
.
B
Both are cheaper than HF radio
.
C.They operate on the same frequency band.
D
They are both line-of-sight (LOS) systems.
.

27. As electromagnetic waves travel in free space, only one of the following can happen to them:
A.absorption
B.reflection
C.attenuation
D.refraction

28. Line-of-sight communications is not a factor in which frequency range?

A
VHF
.
B.UHF
C.HF
D.Microwave

29. What is the period of the solar cycle in which great electrical disturbance will occur?
A.Every 11 years
B.Every 4 years
C.Every 5 years
D.Every 10 years

30. What is a wavefront?
A
A voltage pulse in a conductor
.
B.A current pulse in a conductor
C
A voltage pulse across a resistor
.
D
A fixed point in an electromagnetic wave
.

31. To increase the transmission distance of a UHF signal, which of the following should be done?
A
Increase antenna gain
.
B
Increase antenna height
.
C.Increase transmitter power
D.Increase receiver sensitivity

32.  Ducting occurs in which region of the atmosphere?

A
F2
.
B.Stratosphere
C.Troposphere
D
Ionosphere
.

33. The type of radio wave responsible for long-distance communications by multiple skips is the
A.ground wave
B.direct-wave
C
surface wave
.
D
sky wave
.

Induction field and radiation field.

Induction field.
Radiation field
Fundamental frequency
Harmonic frequency or harmonics
30 meters.
5 megahertz.
Vertically polarized.
Direction of wave propagation.
Shifting in the phase relationships of the wave.
Troposphere, stratosphere, and ionosphere.
Stratosphere.
Whether the component of the wave is travelling
along the surface or over the surface of the
earth.
Sea water.
Radio horizon is about 1/3 farther.
a) electrical properties of the terrain (b)
frequency (c) polarization of the antenna
High energy ultraviolet light waves from the
sun.
D, E, F1, and F2 layers.
Thickness of ionized layer.
D layer is 30-55 miles, E layer 55-90 miles, and
F layers are 90-240 miles.
Critical frequency.

(a) density of ionization of the layer (b)

frequency (c) angle at which it enters the layer
A zone of silence between the ground wave and
sky wave where there is no reception.
Where ionization density is greatest.
A term used to describe the multiple pattern a
radio wave may follow.
Selective fading.
Natural and man-made interference.
Natural
Man-made.
(a) filtering and shielding of the transmitter (b)
limiting bandwidth (c) cutting the antenna to
the
correct frequency
(a) physical separation of the antenna (b)
limiting bandwidth of the antenna (c) use of
directional
antennas
Regular and irregular variations.
Regular variations can be predicted but irregular
variations are unpredictable.
Daily, seasonal, 11-year, and 27-days variation.
Sporadic E, sudden disturbances, and
ionospheric storms.
Muf is maximum usable frequency. Luf is lowest
usable frequency. Fot is commonly known as
optimum working frequency.
Muf is highest around noon. Ultraviolet light
waves from the sun are most intense.
When luf is too low it is absorbed and is too
weak for reception.
Signal-to-noise ratio is low and the probability
of multipath propagation is greater.
Frequent signal fading and dropouts.

Fot is the most practical operating frequency

that can be relied on to avoid problems of
multipath, absorbtion, and noise.
They can cause attenuation by scattering.

It can cause attenuation by absorbtion.

It is a condition where layers of warm air are
formed above layers of cool air.
It can cause vhf and uhf transmission to be
propagated far beyond normal line-of-sight
distances.
Troposphere.
Vhf and above.
Near the mid-point between the transmitting
and receiving antennas, just above the radio
horizon.