REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON REPUBLIQUE DU CAMEROUN

Peace – Work – Fatherland Paix-Travail-Patrie

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MINISTRY OF TERRITORIAL MINISTERE DE L’ADMINISTRATION
ADMINISTRATION TERRITORIALE
AND DECENTRALIZATION ET DE LA DECENTRALISATION
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NORTH WEST REGION REGION DU NORD OUEST
DONGA MANTUNG DIVISION DEPARTEMENT: DONGA MANTUNG
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NDU COUNCIL COMMUNE DE NDU.
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BASELINE DATA REPORT

NDU COUNCIL

Elaborated with the Technical and Financial support of the National Community
Driven Development Program (PNDP)

ELABORATED BY: COMMUNITY ASSISTANCE IN DEVELOPMENT-COMAID

Done at Ndu, May 2017

 COUNCIL DEVELOPMENT PLAN
NDU COUNCIL

BASELINE DATA REPORT

BY
COMMUNITY ASSISTANCE IN DEVELOPMENT
P.O Box 5051, Mankon - Bamenda.
Phone: (237) 677574661
E-mail : comaidbamenda@yahoo.com; info@comaidcameroon.org
Supervision and Contribution from Ndu Council:

- Emmanuel Bunyui Nyugab - Mayor

- Shifu Tangko George – Chairman Steering Committee
- Tabo Titus Aberika - Secretary General Ndu Council
- Ngum Mathais Jumbum - Municipal Treasurer Ndu Council
- SECTORIAL Delegates in Donga Mantung
- Tansa Ngwayi - Council Development Officer
- The Steering Committee Members

Organized and financed by: PNDP and NDU Council,

P.O Box 52, Ndu Sub Division, Donga Mantung Division, Cameroon.
With the Technical and Financial Assistance of:

National Community Driven Development Program (PNDP)

The Ndu Council owns this Study. Access to and exploitation of this document is free to all
concerned or interested parties.

Done at Ndu, MAY 2017

 Table of contents

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.............................................................................................................................vi
LIST OF TABLES..........................................................................................................................................viii
LIST OF FIGURES..........................................................................................................................................ix
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................1
1.1. Context and Justification..................................................................................................................1
1.2 Objectives of the baseline data collection.........................................................................................2
CHAPTER II : METHODOLOGY......................................................................................................................3
2.1. Preparation.......................................................................................................................................3
2.2. Data collection..................................................................................................................................3
2.3. Data consolidation, treatment and analysis.....................................................................................3
2.4. Validation of results..........................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER III: RESULTS..................................................................................................................................5
3. 1. General information of the Council.................................................................................................5
3.1.1. Presentation of the reference situation......................................................................................5
3.1.2. Location.....................................................................................................................................7
3.1.3. Languages..................................................................................................................................9
3.1.4. Religious Bodies........................................................................................................................9
3.1.5. Settlement Pattern......................................................................................................................9
3.1.6. Land Usage................................................................................................................................9
3.1.6.1. Farming..................................................................................................................................9
3.1.6.2. Grazing.................................................................................................................................10
3.1.6.3. Settlement.............................................................................................................................10
3.1.6.4. Forestry................................................................................................................................10
3.1.6.5. Hunting.................................................................................................................................10
3.1.6.6. Forest Exploitation...............................................................................................................10
3.1.6.7. Illegal collection of forest products......................................................................................11
3.2. Biophysical Milieu...........................................................................................................................11
3.2.1. Topography..............................................................................................................................11
3.2.2. Climate....................................................................................................................................11
3.2.3. Vegetation................................................................................................................................12
3.2.4. Soil Type..................................................................................................................................12
3.2.5. Hydrology................................................................................................................................12
3.2.6. Protected Areas.......................................................................................................................12

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 3.2.7. Mineral Resources...................................................................................................................13
3.3. History............................................................................................................................................15
3.3.1. Overview..................................................................................................................................15
3.3.2. Origin and Migration Patterns................................................................................................15
3.3.3.1. Migration Pattern and Settlement of the Tang people...........................................................15
3.3.3.2. Migration Pattern and Settlement of the Warr people.........................................................16
3.3.3.3. Migration Pattern and Settlement of Wiya Clan..................................................................16
3.3.4. Colonial History......................................................................................................................17
3.3.5 Inter Village Conflicts...............................................................................................................17
3.3.6. Overview of Religious Practices..............................................................................................17
3.3.6.1. Christianity...........................................................................................................................18
3.3.6.2. Islam.....................................................................................................................................18
3.3.6.3. Traditional Religion..............................................................................................................18
3.3.6.4. The Role of Religion in the Development of the Area............................................................18
3.4. Socio- cultural aspects....................................................................................................................19
3.4.1. Overview of Socio-cultural aspects..........................................................................................19
3.4.2. Traditional set up.....................................................................................................................19
3.4.3. Cultural Heritages...................................................................................................................20
3.4.3.1. Music and Dance..................................................................................................................20
3.4.3.2. Dressing................................................................................................................................20
3.4.3.3. Housing.................................................................................................................................20
3.4.3.4. Craft......................................................................................................................................20
3.4.3.5. Food......................................................................................................................................20
3 .5. Development and Cultural Associations........................................................................................21
3.6. Social Stratification........................................................................................................................21
3.7. Civil society organisation................................................................................................................21
3.8. Characterization of Vulnerable Populations...................................................................................23
3.9. Sectorial Development..................................................................................................................29
3.9.1 Basic Education........................................................................................................................29
3.9.2. Secondary Education...............................................................................................................30
3.7.3. Social Affairs...........................................................................................................................30
3.9.4. Agriculture...............................................................................................................................31
3.9.5. Livestock Production...............................................................................................................33
3.9.6. Forestry and wildlife................................................................................................................34
3.9.7. Environment Protection of Nature and Sustainable Development...........................................35
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 3.9.8. Public Works............................................................................................................................38
3.9.9. Health.....................................................................................................................................39
3.9.10. Water and Energy Supply......................................................................................................40
3.9.11. Communication......................................................................................................................41
3.9.12. Mines, Industries and Technological Development................................................................41
3.9.13. Youth Affairs..........................................................................................................................42
3.9.14. Sports and Physical Education..............................................................................................43
3.9.15. Commerce..............................................................................................................................43
3.9.16. Employment and Vocational Training...................................................................................45
3.9.17. Small and Medium Size Enterprises, Social Economy & Handicraft.....................................45
3.9.18. Labour and Social Security....................................................................................................46
3.9.19. Housing and Urban Development..........................................................................................46
3.9.20. Tourism..................................................................................................................................47
3.9.21. Culture...................................................................................................................................48
3.9.22. Territorial Administration and Decentralisation...................................................................48
3.9.23. Post and Telecommunication.................................................................................................48
3.9.24. Transport...............................................................................................................................49
3.9.25. Women Empowerment and Family........................................................................................49

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 ANNEXES

Annex 1: Report of Baseline Presentation and Validation........................................................................50

Annex 2: Data Collected for Basic Education Institutions.........................................................................51
Annex 3: Minutes Attendance Sheet at the Restitution and Validation of Baseline Data.........................56

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 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ACEFA: Programme d’Amélioration de la Compétivités des Exploitations Familiales
Agropastoral (Programme for the Improvement of the Competiveness of Family
Agro-pastoral Farms)
CID: Council Institutional Diagnosis
COMAID: Community Assistance in Development
DD: Divisional Delegate
DO: Divisional Officer
FEICOM: Fonds Spécial d’Equipement et d’Intervention Intercommunale (Special Council
Fund for Mutual Assistance)
FSLC: First School Leaving Certificate
GCE A’LEVEL: General Certificate of Education Advanced Level
GCE O’LEVEL: General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level
GP-DERUDEP: Grassfield Participatory and Decentralised Rural Development Projects
LIFIDEP: Livestock and Fishery Development Project
LSO: Local Support organisation
MINADER: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
MINAS: Ministry of Social Affairs
MINATD: Ministry of Territorial Administration and Decentralization
MINCAF: Ministry of State Property, Survey and Land Tenure
MINCOMMERCE: Ministry of Trade
MINDEF: Ministry of Defence
MINDUH: Ministry of Housing and Urban Development
MINEBASE: Ministry of Basic Education
MINEE: Ministry of Energy and Water
MINEPAT: Ministry of Economy, Planning and Regional Development
MINEPIA: Ministry of Livestock, Fishery and Animal Industries
MINESEC: Ministry of Secondary Education
MINFI: Ministry of Finance
MINFOF: Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife
MINFOP: Ministry of Employment and Vocational Training
MINSEP: Ministry of Sports and Physical Education
MINJEUNE: Ministry of Youth Affairs and Civic Education
MINMAP: Ministry of Public Contracts
MINMIDT: Ministry of Mines, Industries and Technological Development
MINEDEP: Ministry of Environment, Protection of Nature and Sustainable Development
MINPMESSA: Ministry of Small and Medium Size Enterprises, Social Economy and Handicraft
MINSANTE: Ministry of Public Health
MINT: Ministry of Transport
MINTP: Ministry of Public Works
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NSIF: National Social Insurance Fund
PNDP: National Community Driven Development Program
SDD: Sub Divisional Delegate
SDF: Social Democratic Front
SDO: Senior Divisional Officer
SEEPD: Socio-Economic Empowerment of Persons with Disability
SWOT: Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities and Threats
WACUDA: Warr Cultural and Development Association
WICUDA: Wimbum Cultural and Development Association
WIDECA: Wiya Development and Cultural Association

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table1: Composition of the COMAID team that conducted the CID............................................................1

Table 2: Situation of councillors in the Ndu Municipality............................................................................6
Table 3: Population distribution of Ndu municipality.................................................................................6
Table 4: Proportion of people who speak the various languages of the Ndu Municipality.........................9
Table 5: Assets, potential and constraints of the biophysical milieu.........................................................13
Table 6: Assets, potential and constraints of the socio- economic milieu.................................................21
Table 7: Vulnerable Population in Ndu Subdivision...................................................................................26
Table 8: Enrolment statistics and needs in Nursery schools......................................................................29
Table 9: Enrolment and needs statistics in Primary Schools......................................................................29
Table 10: Secondary School Institutions in Ndu.........................................................................................30
Table 11: List of some common crops and their production rate..............................................................31
Table 12: List of Crops and their corresponding pests and diseases..........................................................32
Table 13: Reared livestock types and their origin......................................................................................33
Table 14: Census Results of Livestock in Ndu............................................................................................34
Table 15: Matrix Diagnosis of Natural Resources......................................................................................36
Table 16: The Road Network and State in Ndu..........................................................................................38
Table 17: Health Units in Ndu....................................................................................................................39
Table 18: Sanitary situation in Ndu............................................................................................................40
Table 19: List of Equipments for over 17 health Units...............................................................................40
Table 20: Legalised youth group associations in Ndu Sub Division...........................................................42
Table 21: List of different markets and the different goods sold...............................................................43
Table 22: Touristic Establishment in Ndu Sub Division..............................................................................47

LIST OF FIGURES

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Figure 1: Localisation Map of Ndu Council..................................................................................................5

Figure 2: Location Map of Ndu Council.......................................................................................................8

Figure 3: Administrative Organisational Chart in the Wiya Clan................................................................19

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 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Context and Justification

Following a convention signed between the Ndu Council and the National Community Driven
Development Program (PNDP), a local support organization has to render services to the Ndu
Council for the elaboration of a Council Development Plan, taking root from the local
development plans from all the villages of the council. The first council Development Plan
(CDP) was elaborated in 2011, taking into consideration problems diagnosed from the council
institutions, the urban space of the council and from the constituent villages. The Ndu council
fell within the first set of councils where the CDP was being piloted and as such some
fundamental elements were omitted during its elaboration. Secondly it’s been six years down the
lane since the last CDP was elaborated and some initial basic data have either metamorphosed or
are no longer valid. It therefore becomes essential to update the CDP starting from its basic
constituent units.
Following the call launched by the Ndu Council and the PNDP for the recruitment of a local
support organization (LSO) to assist the council in the update of the CDP, the Community
Assistance in Development (COMAID) was recruited in December 2016 for the process. After
undergoing a training for the process by the PNDP in Bambui and Bafut from the 1st – 11th March
2017, a formal agreement was reached on 13 th March 2017 between the Ndu Council and
COMAID for the update of the Council Development Plan and the follow up of
Community/Local solutions for a period of 10 months. It is within this framework that the
council baseline data collection was carried out to situate the council. The data collection was
conducted by a team of 4 consultant presented in table 1 below:

Table1: Composition of the COMAID team that conducted the CID

N° Name Contact Qualification Profession
1 MARCELLUS CHE AZEH 677475126 MSc. Integrated Rural Agro-Sociologist/ Rural
Development Development Consultant
2 MBOM RICHARD 676018493 MSc. Environmental Studies Environmentalist/ Enterprise
Development consultant
3 NGESANG NGIQUEH NGETLEH 671641957 MSc. Integrated Rural Community Development
Development Practitioner
4 VERA MANJUH BANTAR 673528363 MSc. Plant Pathology Community Development
Practitioner

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1.2 Objectives of the baseline data collection

The objective of baseline data collection is to get existing data from the different sectors on the
evolution of activities and paint a global picture of the council area: the specific objectives of
baseline data collection are as follows;

 To collect existing information from all sectors in the Ndu Council

 Describe efforts and strategies by different stakeholders to accomplish the sector’s policy
 Identify the strengths, weaknesses, potentials and threats to development initiatives

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 CHAPTER II : METHODOLOGY

2.1. Preparation
The Council urban space diagnosis of Ndu started with the restitution of the training to the rest of
the team members on the 24th - 25th March 2017 at a workshop organized at the Head Office of
COMAID in Bamenda. The team members were enlightened on the tools to be used for data
collection of all data required for the process and on how to use the tools to come out with
reliable information. Then the team reviewed the 2011 council baseline data for the Ndu Council,
Santa Council, the Batibo Council and the Fonfuka Council from the 1st - 10th April 2017.

2.2. Data collection

Baseline Data collection went on from the 30th March -20th April 2017. A team of 4 field
facilitators was put in place to collect all necessary data that was required for the exercise. Data
were collected from the entire sector and decentralised services within the municipality of the
Ndu Council. The Ndu municipality has seven sectors with service head present in the
municipality. This Included the Inspectorate of Basic Education, the Sub Divisional delegation
of Agriculture and Rural Development (MINADER), Livestock, Fishery and Animal Industries
(MINEPIA), Forestry and Wildlife (MINFOF), the Social Affairs Centre (of MINAS) and the
District Medical Office (for MINSANTE). Data were collected from these services, the council,
health units and some schools within the Ndu town. Further data were collected at the Divisional
Delegation of Public Works (MINTP), Secondary Education (MINSEC) and Environment and
Protection of Nature (MINEP) in Nkambe.
Primary data were collected using structured and semi-structured questionnaires administered to
the personnel within the services and to targeted stakeholders. In addition secondary data was
collected from documents in the council and the various sectors. Other secondary data were
collected from the 2005 population and housing census.

2.3. Data consolidation, treatment and analysis

After data collection, the information was input into various suitable computer programs
(notably Excel and Microsoft word for analysis and presentation. They were then printed out
and ready for presentation to stakeholders.

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2.4. Validation of results
The validation of the council baseline data was done on the 5 th May 2017 at a workshop
organised at the Hall of the Ndu Council. This workshop brought together the council executive,
councillors, the steering committee the MINEPAT Delegate Donga Mantung Division and 8
service heads and representatives (from the District Medical Office, MINADER, MINEPIA,
MINFOF, MINAS, IBE Ndu and the Principal of GBHS Ndu) from whom data were collected .
There was the general presentation of the data, followed by cross examination of various
sections. There was great debate and reconciliation of facts for consensus. The session then
proceeded with the updating and correction of various sections. After deliberations, the session
recommended that the baseline data can be validated following the corrections made to the
original work.

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 CHAPTER III: RESULTS
3. 1. General information of the Council
3.1.1. Presentation of the reference situation
Figure 1: Localisation Map of Ndu Council

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Country: Cameroon
Region : North west
Division: Donga Mantung
Councillors: The councillors were elected in 2013 for a mandate that will run until 2018. 41
councillors were elected and thereafter, they elected Mr. Bunyui Emmanuel Nyugab as Mayor.

Table 2: Situation of councillors in the Ndu Municipality

Total Men Women
41 36 5
Source: compile from survey data at Ndu Council 2017

All councillors are from the Social Democratic Front Party (SDF)

Population:

Table 3: Population distribution of Ndu Municipality

Period Total Men Women Urban Men Women Rural Men Women Population
pop Density
2005 73955 34262 39693 12531 6066 6465 61424 28196 33228 46pers/km2
Projected 89929 41663 48267 15238 7376 7861 74692 34286 40405 56pers/km2
at 1.8%
in 2017
Source: 2005 General Population and Housing Census

Surface Area: 1625km2

Constituent Villages: It is made of 17 villages grouped into three zones;

 The west zone with five villages (Talla, Ngarum, Taku, Ntundip, and Luh),
 The east zone with seven villages (Sehn, Ntumbaw, Njirong, Ngulu, Nseh Macop, Sinna
and Sop).
 The centre zone with five villages (Ndu, Mbipgo, Njimnkang, Njilah and Wowo)
Clans: The Ndu municipality is made up of three clans. Each has its own history.
Wiya: The Wiya Clan up 10 chiefdoms in Ndu Sub Division. These are Luh, Ndu, Ngulu,
Njilah, Njimnkang, Nseh-Makop, Sehn, Wowo and Mbipgo.
Warr: The Warr villages include: Ntumbaw, Rong and Sop. The Warr people (Wiwarr) are
believed to have settled at a place called Mbirbo in Mbot village (Nkambe Central) on their
arrival from Kimi.
Tang: The Tang clan constitutes the following villages: Sinna, Taku, Ntundip, Ngarum, and
Talla

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3.1.2. Location
The Ndu Council Area corresponds to the Ndu Sub Division, one of the five administrative units
(Sub Divisions) of the Donga Mantung Division in the North West Region of Cameroon. It lies
between longitudes 9.5o and 11o east of the Greenwich Meridian, and between latitudes 5.35 o and
6.40o north of the equator. Ndu town, which is its capital, is situated some 145km north-east of
Bamenda, the North West Regional capital, and about 35km south of Nkambe, the capital of
Donga Mantung Division. About 20km of the famous ring road of the North West Region lies
within the council area.

The Ndu Council Area is bounded to the East by Nwa Sub Division, to the South by Nkum Sub
Division (in Bui Division), to the South-East Mbiame Sub Division (in Bui Division), West by
Noni Sub Division (in Bui Division) and to the North by Nkambe Central Sub Division. Its
position is central to Nwa, Kumbo Central and Nkambe Central Sub Divisions

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Figure 2: Location Map of Ndu
Council

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3.1.3. Languages
Table 4: Proportion of people who speak the various languages of the Ndu Municipality
Number Language Proportion of population in
percentages who speak the lang.
1 Limbum 90
2 Pidgin 75
3 English 65
4 French 20
5 Yamba 15
6 Fulfulde 40
7 Haussa 10
Source: Ndu Council baseline (2011)

3.1.4. Religious Bodies

Animist, Islam and Christianity (Catholic, Baptist, Presbyterians, Evangelists, Full Gospel,
Apostolic, Jehovah Witnesses, Deeper life, Redeem Church of Christ and Christian Missionary
international)

3.1.5. Settlement Pattern

The main settlement patterns observed in the area are the clustered and dispersed settlements.
Specific types include,

- Isolated farmsteads, which is very prominent in most of the council area.

- Linear or line settlement along the main roads in the Mbaw plain;
- Market Centred or clustered settlement like in the urban part of Ndu, Ntumbaw and most
villages.
Natural factors that determine settlement patterns include soil fertility, relief, and water
resources. Other factors include the search for defence and natural protection as well as the
agrarian regime of the area.

3.1.6. Land Usage

Land within the Ndu Sub Division is divided into two main landscape which is lowlands and
Highland with varying altitudes. This characteristic is actually what determines the land use
which can be characterised into the following four main activities.

3.1.6.1. Farming
This is done on fertile lands mainly in valleys and the plain. Gentle slopes are also used. Due to
shortage of farmland, some steep slopes are being cultivated. In such cases, erosion is a major
constraint as control measures are still rudimentary.

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3.1.6.2. Grazing
Grazing land is officially demarcated from farmland. This official demarcation is however not
well known to most farmers, reason for which there is always encroachment by farmers. This
encroachment however, is also a result of the shortage of arable land. There are virtually no
concerted efforts to improve on the grazing land, reason for which degradation is very
remarkable.

3.1.6.3. Settlement
The main factors that determine the choice of land for settlement are relief, soil structure and the
availability of water resources. Generally, level land with hard soil is preferred. However, houses
are constructed on steep slopes in some parts of the area due to a shortage of more appropriate
land. Such houses are exposed to natural hazards like landslides and erosion.

3.1.6.4. Forestry
Most of the unfertile land of the area especially on high altitudes is planted with eucalyptus in
some areas; there has been indiscriminate planting of eucalyptus on available land and even
around water catchments, leading to environmental degradation in general and shortage of usable
water in particular. Of the few small patches of natural forests that can still be found in some
parts of the area, only the Mbibi community forest is under formal conservation (by the Talla
community). Other remarkable forests found in the council area include the Council forest in
Mbiyeh and forest patches in the Njilah/ Njimnsa area, the Njipkfu and Njiningo natural forests.

3.1.6.5. Hunting
Limited hunting is carried out in the municipality. This is due to the fact that most of the
protected areas have been over exploited and the forest cover drastically reduced and destroying
the habitat for most of the wildlife. This, notwithstanding hunting is still carried out in the few
remaining forest like in Mbibi, Mbandfung and the Sop forest at Ntaba. Rodents (Cane rats,
rabbits and other smaller wildlife) and monkeys are still available in these forests.

3.1.6.6. Forest Exploitation

Forest exploitation is mainly through the exploitation of the eucalyptus plantation. Eucalyptus
plantations are present in the entire municipality. They are exploited for local use and also for
commercial transactions. A greater majority is commercialised in the main market in Bamenda
and elsewhere in the Western region of Cameroon after primary processing. Exploitation of
eucalyptus is also use for electricity poles. Here the processing is minimal after felling the poles.
They are taken to Bafoussam where they are transformed and ready for use.
Apart from eucalyptus there is exploitation of other tree species from the natural forest. An
example is the Mahogany in the Ntamru and Kopmbing natural forest. Permission is got from
the Fon to exploit this precious wood for various uses. This and other desirable wood species are
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limited and may be extinct, if appropriate measures are not taken for regeneration. In the Ntaba
forest and other forest in the Mbaw plain where there are lowland species, exploitation is
minimal. However there are threats in the forest from farmers.

3.1.6.7. Illegal collection of forest products

Collection of products from the forest is more or less regulated in the community. This is the
customary right of community member to benefit from their natural resources, provided it
doesn’t pose threat to the existence of any forest resource. Products collected include vegetables,
honey and of late the barks of Prunus africana (pygeum). The later has been illegally collected
from the forest and it became threatened in Cameroon leading to a ban in 2008. Pygeum is
placed in annex 2 of the CITES convention thereby regulating its exploitation and marketing in
the international market. Cameroon share more than 60% of the world market and exploitation
has not been regulated in the country, thereby posing great threat to extinction. Prunus is found
in the Mbibi community forest and many other forests in the municipality.

3.2. Biophysical Milieu

3.2.1. Topography
The Ndu Council Area shows a wide variety in its relief, with altitudes ranging from 700m above
sea level in the Mbaw plain to about 2100m above sea level at Mbiyeh in Talla village near Ndu
town. Characteristic features include many hills with gentle to steep slopes, some plateau and a
plain (the Mbaw plain which is part of the Tikar plain of the North West, West and Adamawa
Regions). Most of the high altitude parts of the area lie on the highland mountain chain of the
North West and West Regions of Cameroon.
3.2.2. Climate
There are two climatic features: the mountainous part with altitudes of 1500m as presents a cold
climate and the Mbaw plain is hot most of the year. Minimal daily temperatures range between
9,5 to 13,7°c while maximum temperatures ranges19,5 and 25,1°c. The area is characterized by
two seasons; the rainy season and the dry season. The annual rainfall is about 2000mm while the
annual sunshine hours are about 2000.
The low lying part of the area, especially the Mbaw Plain, is hot for most of the year. The highest
temperatures are recorded in March, just before the start of the rainy season. The heaviest rains,
which sometimes result to torrential floods, come in July and August. The lowest temperatures in
Donga Mantung are recorded in this area during the months of December, January and February
3.2.3. Vegetation
The vegetation of the area also varies with the ecological sub zones. The high altitude parts are
characterized by sparsely woody savannah whereas tall grass species grow in the lowlands

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around the area of transition between the two main sub ecological types. Only small patches of
natural forests are found especially along the valleys of the mountainous zones and in the plain.
Much of the natural vegetation in Ndu, Talla and Wowo villages has been replaced with
eucalyptus plantations. In fact, the great modification that has been effected on the natural
vegetation of the area is attributed to human activities like farming, grazing and construction
works.
3.2.4. Soil Type
Three main soil types are found;

 Sandy clay or ferrallitic soils in the mountainous part

 Sandy loam soils from deposit along river banks
 Rich alluvial soils in Mbaw plain and some valleys;

In the past land ownership by women was inexistent and land acquisition is through inheritance.
With recent evolution, women are acquiring land through purchase and to a less extent they
inherit family land

3.2.5. Hydrology
More than 20 small streams take their rise from the mountainous parts of the area and flow
generally to the north-east, east and south-east. The sources of most of these streams are
potential water catchment for the communities. Two large streams, one passing through
Ntumbaw village and the other passing in Luh village are flown in from neighbouring Bui
Division. Only two very small natural lakes exist at the outskirt of Ntumbaw village.

3.2.6. Protected Areas

Protected areas are limited in the municipality and there is no strict implementation of the law
with regard to them. The most noticeable ones include the Mbibi community forest in the Talla,
the Njilah/Njimnsa Forests in NJilah, the Mbandfung sacred forest, the Njiningo and Njipkfu
forest in Ndu and much other smaller sacred forest around Fons’ palaces. Many natural trees
species exist in these areas and provide a rich biodiversity for the region. However, irrational
and illegal exploitation has led to the loss of some species. More or less these protected areas are
more protected by traditional norms than the application of state laws. Moreover the Ministry of
Forestry and wildlife has just a single worker to cover the entire municipality.

3.2.7. Mineral Resources

Mineral resources include iron ore, sand, stones and laterite. Sand is abundant in the
municipality, but most of the sand is not of good quality. Good quality sand is mainly available

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in Ntaba at the border with Nwa. Stone quarries are abundant in the municipality and is of the
best quality. The products are either use for house or road construction. The construction and
tarring of the Ntaba – Ntumbaw road used only material from the Ntaba quarry which is quite
unique. There is also another concrete stone quarry in Mbipgo of excellent quality. Other stone
quarries are dotted all over the municipality. These are areas that can be exploited by
construction companies for quality road work in the municipality and elsewhere in the country.

Table 5: Assets, potential and constraints of the biophysical milieu

Assets Potentials Constraints

Climate The rainfall pattern provides suitable
conditions for both perennial and annual
crops to grow; thus allowing for two
cropping seasons a year especially in the
Mbaw plain area. The rainfall is one of the
most important climatic factors here
influencing agriculture, having the biggest
effect in determining the potential of the
area, the crops grown, the farming system
and the sequence and timing of farming
operations. It is the supplier of soil
moisture for crops and grassland; some
farmers depend on rain for arable farming.
Soils Ferallitic soils are harder in structure and
highly exploited by the natives in the
making of sun-dried blocks for the
construction of buildings. They also serve in
the cultivation of high altitude crops like
the Irish potatoes which is one of the main
crops cultivated in the region.
Relief The highland are highly rocky, serving in
the extraction of stones by the natives for
construction purposes
Flora and Eucalyptus felling and the cutting of the
Vegetation stems and branches for the supply of wood
fuel for the families.
Timber production which is predominantly
from eucalyptus and other forest trees.
The eight months of rainfall highly
hinders sales of products because of
the state of the roads during that
period
The torrential rains registered
especially in the plains and valleys
highly result in crop destruction
Ferallitic soils have characteristic
reddish-brown or yellow colour due
to oxidation and are highly acidic.
They have low nutrient reserves, low
fertility and are highly leached
This relief defines the type of habitat
but represents a major difficulty for
the movement of persons and goods
Little knowledge on the certification
of forest lands
Uncontrolled deforestation
Over plantation of eucalyptus
especially around catchments which
tends to consume water.

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 Fauna The population actively practice hunting
with the main species hunted including
monkeys, cane-rats (grass cutters), rabbits,
deer, antelopes and rat moles.
Lateritic and Income generation from sales of the
granitic stones extracted stones
Hydrography Rivers Donga, Mantung, Mbim, baw and
other main streams cut through most of
the villages in the municipality and Fish
harvesting as well as the production of
sand is carried in them by the local and
riverside inhabitants under the control of
the traditional authorities
Protected areas Natural forest exist providing a high
biodiversity
Could be used for touristic sites
Could be used for research
Customary right offers local inhabitants to
reap benefits
Sponge or water reservoir for the
communities
Mineral Employ many youths
resources Source of council revenue
Exploited by inhabitants for their welfare
and construction of houses
Source: Ndu council baseline (2011)
The uncontrolled and over-hunting
of these animal species greatly
reduces the number of the species
found in these forests.
-Bad roads rendering the
exploitation very hard.
-Extraction of these stones is purely
rudimentary
-No organized commercialization
procedures
-over exploitation of the water
resource
Threatened by farming and quest
for more land for settlement
Urbanisation is a great threat to the
wildlife
Some wildlife are threat to human
Bring many unscrupulous people to
the community for exploitation
Poor access to the site
Dangerous activity with possibility
of causing some health hazards

3.3. History

3.3.1. Overview
The history of the Ndu Council Area generally reflects the history of the Wimbum people of the
Donga Mantung Division (their language is called Limbum). This people who settled in the
Nkambe Central and Ndu Sub Divisions, are of the Tikar ethnic group. Their history therefore
grossly corresponds with that of the other Tikar people of the North West Region.

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3.3.2. Origin and Migration Patterns
It is believed that the people of the area originated from Tikari in the Adamawa Region. They are
all said to be of the same ethnic background and are said to have migrated together from their
place of origin to an area in the Mbaw plain called Kimi. Even though the reasons for their
movement from Tikari seem to include the quest for settlement space and arable land, the main
force has been identified to be raids by the Fulani of North Cameroon. They stayed at Kimi for a
number of decades in the early parts of the 18th Century. From Kimi, they migrated in three
factions, allegedly according to family linkages as a result of leadership conflicts, to various
parts of their present sites (also in the Nkambe Central Sub Division). These three factions now
form the three clans of the Wimbum people, namely, the Tang, Warr and Wiya clans.

3.3.3.1. Migration Pattern and Settlement of the Tang people

It is told that the Tang people (Witang in Limbum) first settled at a place called Mbajeng when
they arrived in this area from Kimi. While at Mbajeng, two groups emerged, respectively called
“Nkum” and “Nyar”. Due to some misunderstanding between the two groups, the Nkum group
left Mbajeng and settled at Talla. Following chieftaincy conflicts, they broke up and dispersed to
various sites leaving the present Talla on the spot. The villages that resulted include Taku,
Ntundip and Ngarum in the Ndu municipal area, and Kup, Tabenken, Binka and Bih in the
Nkambe area. The Nyar group later dispersed from Mbajeng to the present Wowo, Sinna and
Mbipgo. Since their settlement at these sites, the Tang people have moved very little, though
there have been slight adjustments to security needs and land demands. Even though history
holds that the Wowo and Mbipgo people are related to, and migrated together with the Tang
people, they are today considered to be of the Wiya clan. The reasons for this attribution are
unclear or it is believed they were hemmed into the Wiya clan after settling in the area originally
reserved for the Wiyas.

3.3.3.2. Migration Pattern and Settlement of the Warr people

The Warr people (Wiwarr) are believed to have settled at a place called Mbirbo in Mbot village
(Nkambe Central) on their arrival from Kimi. While at Mbirbo, they lived harmoniously as a
family until their first leader died. Disagreement over his succession led to conflicts that resulted
to movement in various directions. The groups that settled in the Ndu Council area included the
present Ntumbaw, Sop and Njirong people. Since their arrival at these places, only the people of
Sop have moved out before returning to settle at the same site. The reasons for their movement
out of the place is said to be related to further misunderstandings with their brothers who settled
at War (in Nkambe Central). They moved to the Bamoum land in the West Region before
coming back late in the 19th Century.

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3.3.3.3. Migration Pattern and Settlement of Wiya Clan
As concerns Wiya, their entry pattern into the area does not seem to be well known. It is believed
that the villages that make up the Wiya clan did not migrate from Kimi together. These villages
are said to have arrived in the area at different periods following different migration patterns.
Family relations and similarity in migration patterns are however evident between some of the
villages of the clan as follows:

 The people of Wowo and Mbipgo are said to be related to, and migrated together with the
Tang people;
 The Njimnkang and Sehn people are believed to have settled first at a place between Ndu
and Sop called Mankeng before moving to their present sites;
 The people of Njilah, Mangu and Ngulu-Makop first settled for some time in the lower
part of the Nwa Sub Division before finally moving to where they now stay;
 The Ndu people seemingly passed through upper Berabe in the Ako Sub Division, and
later moved into the area through Konchep in the Nkambe Central Sub Division.
 The Luh and Nseh-Makop people do not seem to have any defined relations with the
other people of the clan. The Nseh-Makop inhabitants are believed to have moved into
the area much later from the Nso land in Bui Division.

Because of these differences in the migration patterns and the lack of evidence of family
relations between the villages that make up the Wiya clan, some people refer to this clan as a
“federation” of villages rather than a clan.

3.3.4. Colonial History

The first colonial masters to reach the area were the Germans. They arrived in the area before the
First World War and are remembered for their authoritative and dictatorial style, and for the
establishment of the road network of the area. They forced the natives to provide unskilled
labour for road construction, and beat recalcitrant ones, sometimes to dead. They also forcefully
recruited natives into their military.

The British on their part arrived in the area after the Second World War. Their style was rather
friendly, reason for which they seemingly drew much admiration from the inhabitants than the
Germans did. They brought the idea of democracy, and are remembered for the introduction of
Christianity in the area. They also introduced the idea of community work and organized natives
to carry out community projects in the areas of drinking water supply and road maintenance, and
are remembered for the opening of schools and the introduction of the coffee and eucalyptus
trees.

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3.3.5 Inter Village Conflicts
Since the settlement of the population in this area, no violent inter-village conflicts have been
experienced. However, a number of boundary differences have been recorded over the years.
Those which are still fresh in the memories of the inhabitants of the area include:

 Ntumbaw – Nso (around the Ngar-Buh area)

 Ntumbaw – Njirong (for Shokop neighbourhood)
 Talla – Mbot
 Mbipgo – Njimnkang
 Mbipgo – Ndu (at Fuh and Jirt)
 Ndu – Mbot (at Mbah)
 Ndu – Nwa (at Tudi)

Most of these conflicts have been handled peacefully, reason for which no violent clashes have
been recorded, except the case between Ntumbaw and Njirong which recorded some death and
loss of property: Ntumbaw and the Nso people, which led to lose of three human lives and some
property (a house, some crops and a number of goats).

3.3.6. Overview of Religious Practices

There are three main types of religious practices in the communities: Christian, Islam and
traditional religion. Christianity and Islam were introduced to the people after their settlement in
the area. The importance of each religion in the area seems to be related to how early it was
introduced to the people.

3.3.6.1. Christianity
Christianity is the most widely practised religion of the area. It is believed to have been
introduced by the English during the colonial era. The main Christian denominations that exist in
the area now include the Baptist, Catholic, Presbyterian, Full Gospel and Apostolic Churches.
The Baptist Church, which was the first Christian denomination to be introduced here, is the
most popular and has at least a congregation in each of the 17 villages of the council area. The
Catholic and the Presbyterian churches, which came into the area a little later, have conquered
much ground within the last two decades. Charismatic Christian groups are still very new in the
community, and have very few adherents.

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3.3.6.2. Islam
It is told that Islam was introduced by traders from the North of Cameroon. It is common in
Ntumbaw and parts of Ndu, Ntisaw, Mbongong and Sop villages. The largest mosques (an
indication of the largest Muslim communities) are found at Ntumbaw and Ndu.

3.3.6.3. Traditional Religion

The most common form of traditional religion in the area is ancestral worship. In most palaces,
there are shrines where traditional rights are performed in honour of the ancestors of the villages.
Such shrines even exist in some individual compounds, where family members are expected to
conduct sacrificial rites supposedly in order to appease and receive the blessings of their
ancestors. In some of these shrines are found stone gods called ‘mbuh’ which are believed to
protect family members in reward of the sacrificial rites perform. It is worth noting that many
people of the area practise this traditional religion and Christianity or Islam simultaneously.

3.3.6.4. The Role of Religion in the Development of the Area.

The religious groups based in the area carry out very important development projects that are
beneficial to the population of the Ndu municipality. In the domain of education, the Baptist
church is presently operating 15 primary schools, 1 high school and a theological seminary in the
area. The Catholics on their part have 6 primary schools and one secondary school in the
municipality, while the Muslims are operating 10 primary schools and a secondary. As concerns
health, there is a renowned Baptist Health Centre in Ndu and Catholic Health Posts at Ntaba (in
Sop) and Ngarum. In addition to these development initiatives, indirect contributions include the
sensitisation of the population during church meetings on development issues.

3.4. Socio- cultural aspects

3.4.1. Overview of Socio-cultural aspects
The social structure and culture of the people of the Ndu Council area reflect their Tikar ethnic
background. The three clans are identified; through one language they all speak (the Limbum),
have the same staple food (corn fufu) and traditional set-ups/beliefs, and share the same cultural
heritage.
3.4.2. Traditional set up
The hierarchical order of traditional authority is basically the same. Authority is held by
individuals (like the Chief, the Sub Chief etc) at certain levels of the hierarchy, and by sacred
societies (like the Nwarong) at other levels. The level of each authority is well differentiated
except at the top where there is some nuance between the authority of the chief of the village and
the Nwarong, which is the strongest sacred society in the culture of the Wimbum. In most cases,
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 however, it is generally agreed that the Nwarong is higher in authority than the chief. Based on
their general agreement, a typical village traditional organigram of the Wiya clan is presented on
Figure 3.
Figure 3: Administrative Organisational Chart in the Wiya Clan
FON

Executive Military Judiciary Regulatory Societies

Kibais Nfuh Ya’ah Nwarong

Fais (Btarlah) Nchoro Fai-kuh Ngiri

Extend Family Samba Quarter Head Njuh (for Women)

Heads
Source: Ndu council baseline data (2011)
3.4.3. Cultural Heritages.
The culture of the people of the Ndu Council Area is portrayed mainly through their music,
dressing, housing, craft and food.

3.4.3.1. Music and Dance

The people of the area have a wide musical variety with many rhythms characteristic of the
grassland. Folkloric dancers, which are believe to be as old as the history of the people, include
the NJUH dance for women and the NFUH and SAMBA dance for men. Many other dances
(MBAYA, NJANG, MNDONG etc) were introduced after the settlement of the people in the
area, and are a result of interactions with other cultures. Masquerade dance (like MNKUNG and
TOH) have also been introduced. Common musical instruments include drums of various shapes
and sizes, rattle, wooden gongs and xylophones.

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3.4.3.2. Dressing
The ordinary dressing pattern of the people does not show any peculiarities as compared to other
grassland cultures .The characteristic traditional regalia (gowns and caps) are common. On
certain important traditional occasions, however, particular dressing styles may be obligatory.
For example, women are expected to go bare bodied (with only loins tied around their chests)
during funeral celebrations of chiefs. A newly crowned chief or sub chief could also be
recognized through his peculiar attire.

3.4.3.3. Housing
The traditional housing patterns of the area have been greatly modified over the years. Thatched
houses are however still common in many parts of the municipality. The purely traditional
houses characteristic of the culture of the people is built exclusively of bamboo and thatch. A
Few such houses still exist in the area, but are used only for some cultural meetings such as the
NFUH and SAMBA society meetings.

3.4.3.4. Craft
Common craft works, mostly done by men of the area include bamboo chairs, carvings,
traditional gowns and antiques characteristic of most grassland cultures. Craft works by women
are mainly bamboo and elephant and stalk baskets.

3.4.3.5. Food
The staple food of the area is the corn fufu, which is usually eaten with green leafy vegetables
such as huckleberry, cowpea leaves and bitter herbs (bitter leaves). Other common dishes of the
area are pounded colocassia, beans and Irish potato porridges. Dishes like achu and water-fufu
have been introduced from other cultures.

3 .5. Development and Cultural Associations

Constituted development and cultural associations exist in all 17 villages of the council area.
These associations’ play an important role in the promotion and preservation of the cultural
heritage of the area through the organization of cultural manifestations in the villages. They also
play an important part in the identification and organization of project activities for the
development of the villages. In addition to these villages development and cultural associations,
inter-village cultural and development associations also carry out activities within the Ndu
Council area. The most renowned of them include the Wimbum Cultural and Development
Associations (WICUDA), THE Warr Cultural and Development Association (WACUDA) and
the Wiya Development and Cultural Association (WIDECA). These umbrella associations also
play an important part in maintaining the cultural identity of the people of the area.
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3.6. Social Stratification
Social classification is done in the area based mainly on wealth and political weight. The rich as
well as political leaders are given a high place in the society. Other members of the higher social
class include constituted state authorities (the Divisional Officer and heads of services) and
senior staff of important private institutions based in the area. Traditional title holders are also
given an enviable position in the society. Members of the higher social class of the society
usually make heavier financial and material contributions to development projects, and
participate more in decision- making than those of the lower class.

3.7. Civil society organisation

They are very remarkable in the municipality. They work in collaboration with municipal
authorities and are contributing to the growth of the municipality. The most remarkable include
Socio-Economic Empowerment of Persons with Disability (SEEPD) and Strategic Humanitarian
Service (SHUMAS).
Other partners intervening in the Council: GP-DERUDEP, PNDP and FEICOM

Table 6: Assets, potential and constraints of the socio- economic milieu

Assets Potentials
Farming The plains and valleys provide good edaphic
conditions for the cultivation of a wide variety
of crops as they are very fertile due to
deposition.
Presence of vast terrain for both food and
cash crop cultivation such as coffee.
Council Council assets and projects (road
maintenance and water adduction)
Roads Sand, stones available for road
construction
Religion The religious groups based in the area carry
out very important development projects that
are beneficial to the population of the Ndu
municipality. For example; operation of
schools at all levels, health centres and
Constraints
Some areas, especially the mountainous
areas are characterized by steep slopes
which have unfavourable conditions for
farming as the effects of erosion here are
more significant.
High use of poor farming techniques such
as the use of bush fire in the burning of
bushes and land preparation
Strong winds destroying crops
Lack of sufficient financial resources
Lack of sufficient finances to extract
the resources needed for road
construction
Lack of sufficient finances to
implement their projects

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 sensitisation of the population during church
meetings on development issues.
Traditional The traditional bodies within the Their activities are seldomly supported by
bodies municipality are the core rulers and the government and they mostly act
decision makers who act in the resolution independently and with limited financial
means.
of problems as well as the maintenance of
The forces of Law and Order are
peace and order
increasing stepping into issues that this
body could easily resolve
Education There are educational facilities in the Insufficient infrastructure and
municipality both at the basic, secondary personnel in most of the institutions
and higher levels
Crafts Available local materials like bamboos, These products do not have
wood, elephant grass stalk, thatch, clay established markets therefore, are
and stones are used for the making of sold locally and at very low prices.
carving, housing facilities and equipments.
This serves a great deal at the village level
to generate income for the families.
Civil society Presence of such organizations and Insufficient finances and collaboration
organizations associations aimed at developing the with municipality sometimes
and consultants municipality
Sylviculture Tree planting in degraded areas Limited knowledge
Limited spaces
Animal Improved techniques exist Limited knowledge
husbandry Willingness of the population Limited spaces
Hunting Existence of forest Limited wildlife
Increase urbanisation with population
increase
Forest Availability of different forest species Threatens other uses for limited land
exploitation Irrational exploitation
Illegal collection Available resources Weak control by supervisory authority
of forestry Possibility of increasing resources Governed by international convention
products Willingness of the population
Commerce Marketing structure exist Limited structure
People can organise themselves for Requires a judicious organisation
marketing
Industries Existence or agro- industries Non suitable landscape
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 Could employ many youths
Services(bank, Available in the municipality Non suitable landscape
transport etc) Can contribute for the growth of the
municipality
Source: Ndu council baseline data ( 2011)

3.8. Characterization of Vulnerable Populations

The vulnerable population in Ndu Subdivision comprises of; persons with special needs (cripple,
deaf, blind, dumb, handicap and paralyzed), sick persons (epileptics, persons with fainting feet
and persons with prolonged wounds), orphans, widows, the aged and the Mbororos. These
persons have formed themselves into Associations for support and encouragement from one
another, where they share their challenges and difficulties, and propose solutions for their better
involvement and inclusion in the society. They also use these Associations as mediums to solicit
for funds and support (wheel chairs, tricycles, canes, school fees, vocational training and
empowerment, drugs, operations and health bills) from the Government, NGOs, Charitable
Organizations and well-wishers. The membership of these Associations consists of persons with
special needs, sick persons, and care takers of; persons with special needs, sick persons and the
aged. Amongst the caretakers are parents of children with special needs, who are still very young
to meet up with the contributions and obligations of the group, but however accompany their
parents to group meetings to listen to the educative and supportive talks. There exist a total of 9
Associations of vulnerable persons in Ndu Sub Division located in; Ntaba, Sop, Ntumbaw
Ntamru, Wowo, Ntundip, Mbipgo and Ndu Urban. Two of such Associations are located in the
Ndu Urban space namely; Agape Unity Program, and Solidarity Association of Persons with
Special Abilities.

 Persons with special needs (abilities)

There are several categories of persons with special abilities in Ndu Subdivision. These include:
the cripple, blind, deaf, dumb, handicap and paralyzed, making an estimated total of
approximately 1000 people. Some of these persons are involved in economic activities like;
tailoring/knitting, secretariat duties, agriculture (crop farming, poultry farming, animal
husbandry and animal rearing), petit trading, shoe making and craft works, while others depend
solely on their families and well-wishers for their incomes and support. These persons have been
and are still victims of marginalization, stigmatization and discrimination both at family and
societal levels. There are no rehabilitation services for them, no social and empowerment centres
for these persons. Most of the infrastructures are inaccessible for these persons and they have
inadequate inclusive education centres. There is equally need for special teachers to cater for
their education since majority of them who attend primary education drop out at the secondary
school level because there no access to other facilities for them. This category of persons
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therefore faces a lot of social barriers which limit their social inclusion and involvement in the
society. They however have the following opportunities such as;
School fees exemption for children with disabilities (special abilities) enrolled in government
institutions, at all levels of education; Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary.
School fees exemption for children of parents with special abilities enrolled in government
secondary schools only. (This category of children benefit only at the level of secondary
education. Therefore the burden of payment of fees of children of parents with special abilities
remains on the parents at the primary and tertiary levels).
Tax exemption opportunities (this is benefitted by those who know their rights; while ignorant
ones are usually exploited).
 Sick Persons
Persons with sicknesses such as epilepsy, fainting feet, and prolonged wounds are classified as
vulnerable persons because; they need constant medical care and follow up, they can hardly
survive on their own without the assistance of other people, they are vulnerable to stigmatization
and marginalization from the society because of their conditions. There exist a number of these
persons in Ndu Subdivision (approximately 250 persons) some of which have identified
themselves into Associations for psychological, financial and medical support. They can easily
have access to infrastructures in their areas but however limit themselves from social gatherings
with the rest of the society because of possible stigmatization and marginalization from
community members. A majority of these persons are uneducated; those who attempt school
usually drop out at the primary level.
 The aged
The aged are generally feeble and susceptible to various ailments, some of them suffer from
mental problems and hardly reason normally. Most of them are retired subsistence farmers hence
their source of income is not guaranteed and as a result, they depend on younger family members
for support. Even those who are on retirement from the civil service are also experiencing
poverty as their pension is too minimal and irregular. This group of persons has not identified
themselves in Associations or Groups thereby limiting their opportunities for support, their
caretakers however represent them in one or more of the vulnerable persons associations, found
in Ndu Sub Division. Also, there is no social centre existing in Ndu Sub Division to cater for the
needs of the aged, these persons are therefore catered for by their families and well-wishers who
have limited means to cater for their many needs.
 The orphans
There are no Orphanages in Ndu Sub Division, and there currently exists no Government or
Private Organization aimed at taking care of the needs of orphans in the area. However, the
delegation of Social Affairs found in Ndu Urban, is making an effort in identifying and recording
the situation of orphans in the area. Also there exist the Socio-Economic Empowerment of

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Persons with Disability (SEEPD) Program and the Justice and Peace Commission which are
private organizations in relationships with the Ndu Council. Their works are aimed at addressing
the situation of vulnerable persons in the municipality including that of Orphans.
 The Mbororos
The Mbororos in Ndu Urban enjoy the freedom that any other person enjoys with access to all
facilities, are fully integrated with the rest of the community in socio-economic activities and
live in the same quarters with the rest of the dwellers of the urban space. They are equally
located in some of the villages of the municipality specifically within Ntumbaw, Sinna,
Mbongong, Ntisaw and Njimnkang. Following the developmental trends, they are getting more
settled and involved in economic activities like bike riding, petit trading, tailoring and selling of
cattle, sheep, goats, meat and roasted meat (‘sawyer’). Most of their children attend
conventional schools because they are getting more and more exposed to the society.

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Table 7: Vulnerable Population in Ndu Subdivision
category of accessibility to livelihood relation with Participate in Difficulties faced vis- opportunities vis a
vulnerable social activities Mayor/Council decision making à-vis their vis their vulnerability
persons infrastructure process(yes/no) vulnerability
Cripple limited access to Knitting, Cordial Yes (to some Limited and worn-out School fees exemption
education, secretariat extent) assistive devices (government schools)
healthcare, duties, craft (wheel chairs, tricycles Tax exemption
portable water, works, and crutches)
agriculture and schooling, shoe No empowerment
leisure making and opportunities for
mending. financial independence
Limited healthcare
services
Blind limited access to unemployed Cordial No Neglect from family School fees exemption
education, members and friends. Tax exemption
portable water, Marginalization and
agriculture, stigmatization by the
animal community.
husbandry, Inadequate special
trade and leisure needs schools and
teachers.
Deaf and Limited access Petit trading, Cordial No No empowerment School fees exemption
Dumb to education, agriculture and opportunities. for those attending
healthcare, animal Low incomes Government Schools.
portable water, husbandry. Tax exemption
trade and
leisure.
Epileptic Limited access Agriculture, Cordial No Limited access to Tax exemption
patients, to education, animal drugs and medical/ School fees exemption
Persons with employment, husbandry and health care.
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category of accessibility to livelihood relation with Participate in Difficulties faced vis- opportunities vis a
vulnerable social activities Mayor/Council decision making à-vis their vis their vulnerability
persons infrastructure process(yes/no) vulnerability
Fainting Feet healthcare water vocational Stigmatization and
and and food. training marginalization by the
Prolonged (building society.
Wounds. construction) Limited
incomes/finances to
buy farm inputs.
Handicap, Limited access Agriculture, Cordial No Limited health care. School fees exemption
Paralyzed, to education, Animal Limited and worn-out for those enrolled in
Maimed. healthcare, husbandry and assistive devices. Government Schools.
portable water, schooling Low incomes. Tax exemption
trade and (primary and Difficulty in payment
leisure. secondary) of school fees of their
children.
orphans limited access to Agriculture, Cordial No Unable to pay fees and The delegation of
homes and Animal buy school materials. social affairs present
families husbandry, petit Vulnerable to child in Ndu Urban looks
trading, craft abuse and exploitation into the problems of
works, tailoring, from their caretakers Orphaned Children.
and schooling and the community The availability of
NGOs like SEEPD and
the Justice and Peace
Commission to take
care of childhood
issues.
The Aged Limited access Petit trading Cordial Yes (to some Frequent ill health. Availability of Health
to healthcare, extent) Limited Nurse care. Centres in many parts
communication Low incomes. of the Sub Division to
portable water take care of name
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category of accessibility to livelihood relation with Participate in Difficulties faced vis- opportunities vis a
vulnerable social activities Mayor/Council decision making à-vis their vis their vulnerability
persons infrastructure process(yes/no) vulnerability
and leisure. when the need arises.
The Mbororos Adequate access Animal Cordial Yes (to some Limited grazing space Availability of
to education, husbandry, extent) for cattle. infrastructures like;
healthcare, Agriculture, Farmer/grazer schools, health
portable water, Petit trading, conflicts. centres, mosques, and
animal Business and business opportunities
husbandry, Schooling for their benefit.
trade and
leisure.
Source: Agape Unity Program, focus group discussion (2017) and Ndu Field Data Survey (2017)

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 3.9. Sectorial Development
3.9.1 Basic Education
Primary Schools
There are 108 primary schools in Ndu Sub Division both private, missions and government
schools. Out of the 108 primary schools we have 2 Presbyterian with 4 teachers, 6 Catholic with
15 teachers, 16 CBC with 59 teachers, 14 Islamic with 16 teachers, 7 Lay private with 24
teachers and 62 Government primary schools with 119 teachers. We also have a total number of
187 part time teachers in Government primary schools indicating number of temporal staffs is far
more than number of permanent staffs in the schools. Therefore there are 424 teachers in 108
schools in the Ndu municipality.
Nursery Schools

There are 73 Nursery schools in Ndu municipality divided into 40 Government with 40 teachers,
6 Catholics with 6 teachers, 2 Presbyterians with 1 teacher, 12 Baptist with 10 teachers, 5 Islamic
with 3 teachers and 8 lay privates with 8 teachers.
Generally the schools in the municipality are confronted with numerous problems. These
include insufficient staff, inadequate structures, insufficient benches and poor environmental
conditions like the absence of water, electricity and inadequate didactic materials. Table 7 below
presents the needs with regards to teachers, classrooms and benches in schools.

Table 8: Enrolment statistics and needs in Nursery schools

No Institution Enrolment Number Available Number Needed
Classrooms Chair/Table Teachers Classrooms Chair/Table Teachers
1 Government 1677 24 361 39 69 472 47
2 Catholic 258 10 115 9 0 14 1
3 Presbyterian 15 2 6 2 0 3 0
4 Baptist (CBC) 436 11 177 13 3 135 3
5 Islamic 436 9 33 7 3 39 4
6 Lay Private 256 14 71 14 2 67 1
Source; Basic Education report 2017

Table 9: Enrolment and needs statistics in Primary Schools

o
N Institution Enrolment Number Available Number Needed
Classrooms Chair/Table Teachers Toilet Classrooms Chair/Table Teachers Toilet
1 Government 13627 323 3914 119 127 89 3111 106 76
2 Catholic 917 30 454 30 12 0 5 0 5
3 Presbyterian 129 11 91 11 2 0 1 0 4
4 Baptist (CBC) 1925 81 576 71 36 0 387 0 17
5 Islamic 1219 51 307 56 13 0 343 0 26
6 Lay Private 591 36 276 37 9 0 62 0 10
Source; Basic Education report 2017

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From the above tables it can be seen that most government primary schools need teachers and
many infrastructures while in the other mission and private schools their only priority needs are
infrastructures such as Toilets and desks. Therefore there is the problem of insufficient teachers,
classrooms, desks and Toilets I the basic sector of education.

3.9.2. Secondary Education

Table 10: Secondary School Institutions in Ndu

Government Private
GSS Taku GTC Luh Prince of Peace Ndu Hope Institute Ndu
GSS Mbwarong GTC Sop St. John Bosco CSS Ngarum Natchigal Teacher
GBHS Ndu GHS Ntumbaw JMBC Ndu Training College
GTHS Ndu GSS Njilah Islamic SS Ntumbaw
GSS Talla GSS Kakar
GSS Ntamru GSS Mbiplah
GTC Ntumbaw GSS Ntaba
GTC Wowo GTC Mbipgo
GHS Ntundip
Source: Field data Collection (2017 )

Two institutions of higher Education exist in the Council; the Cameroon Baptist Theological
Seminary (CBTS) Ndu and St Louis Higher Medical Institute.

3.7.3. Social Affairs

The social affairs sector works mostly with the disabled and aged persons who are the vulnerable
persons in the municipality while the Mbororos are the marginalized group in the society. The
disabled persons over 200 persons receive support through school fees exemption with the help
of the social sector. Most public buildings and offices such as the Sub Delegation of social
affairs are not accessible to persons with special abilities though some public buildings such as
GBHS Ndu have ramps making accessibility easy. However this sector faces some challenges
such as inaccessibility of public buildings and offices, no means of movement by the sector as
well as insufficient staff at the sector office. There is the existence of many groups of disabled
persons in communities such as Ndangong in Talla, Solidarity in Ndu, Ntumbaw, Sop, Ntaba,
Wowo and Ntundip. The aim of these groups is to discuss their difficulties, solutions and
operate a mutual assistance savings scheme (“njangi”).

There is a Social Affairs Centre through which the Government has been providing minimum
support to the needy in the society such as orphans. They cater for all social problems within the
community and endeavour to redress social ills.

3.9.4. Agriculture
More than 90% of the population are farmers. Crops are cultivated for cash or subsistence.
Crops grown include tea, oil palm, coffee, rice, maize, beans, potatoes, yam, plantains, bananas,
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garden crops and a variety of fruits. Various agricultural production systems are employed
including fallowing, mixed cropping, mono cropping, continuous cropping and plantation
farming. An agro industry; Cameroon Tea Estate exists in with a tea plantation.

Major cash crops of the area include tea, coffee (Robusta and Arabica), oil palm and rice. Other
crops, which are gaining grounds in terms of income generation for the inhabitants of the area,
are raffia palms (for raffia wine) and cola nuts. Tea cultivation by individual farmers is presently
being promoted. Harvest from individual tea farms are however sold to the Ndu Tea plantation
for processing and marketing, while other smaller processing scheme exist. The total tea
production per year is estimated to 1500 tons. Coffee marketing that used to be the sole
responsibility of the farmers’ co-operatives is now liberalised and has witnessed the entry of
some new stakeholders. Rice and palm nuts are processed and marketed locally by individual
mill owners and the farmers themselves. Rice undergoes some transformations with the use of
haulers and winnowers.

Major food crops produced in the area are grains (maize and beans), tubers and roots (Solanum
potatoes, aroids, yams and cassava) and plantains. Most of these crops are cultivated for family
consumption, and only surpluses are sold. However, Solanum potatoes and beans are fast
becoming important economic crops in the area, but storage remains the major hindrance to the
expansion of these crops to real commercial scales. Storage methods and infrastructure are still
traditional and inefficient. Recent innovations include the construction of a potato warehouse at
the Sub Divisional Delegation where farmers bring their produce and eventually sell as a group
at the appropriate time.

Ndu municipality is divided into two basins of productions namely the upland and the lowland
basins. The main crops cultivated in the upland are Tea, Maize, beans, Irish potatoes, cocoyam’s,
cabbages, and sugarcane while lowland crops include rice, cassava, soy beans, groundnuts and
palms. Tea cultivation in the uplands is mainly by the estate and some few individuals own small
holders’ schemes. In the past years these crops were cultivated and realized as on Table 10.

Table 11: List of some common crops and their production rate
Crop Production Data for Ndu Sub Division
Total Area Cultivated Output
Projection (Ha) Production (Tons) (T/Ha)
2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2016
Maize 34071 34412 34687 51613 52645 53961 1.5-2
Beans 26469 26734 26948 40097 40899 41922 1-1.5
H. Berry 695 702 707 1053 1074 1101 1.5-2
S. Potato 631 638 643 7650 7803 7998 10-12
Plantain/Banana 575 580 585 4643 4736 4854 8
Rice 611 617 622 926 945 968 1.5-2
Groundnut 310 313 316 157 160 164 .5

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 Yam 296 299 301 2989 3048 3125 10-12
Cassava 174 175 177 1404 1432 1467 8-10
Colocassia 146 148 149 1183 1207 1237 10-12
Cocoyam 116 117 118 1173 1196 1226 10-12
Cabbage 42 43 43 514 524 537 10-15
Sweet potato 36 37 37 294 300 307 8-10
Ginger 23 23 24 282 287 294 12-15
Tomato 14 14 14 143 146 149 10-15
Source; Compiled data survey, MINADER 2017

The above mentioned crops are being attacked by disease and pest as illustrated on Table 12.

Table 12: List of Crops and their corresponding pests and diseases
NO Crop Pests and Diseases
1 Maize Stem borers, maize streaks due to variety and time of planting
2 Beans Insect pests
3 Potatoes Blights and Wilts
4 Palms Insects
5 Rice Insects
6 Cocoyam Phythoptora infestans
Source; Compiled data survey 2017

The above mentioned diseases are managed by the farmers with respect to trainings organized by
MINADER sub delegation. They organize training sessions for the farmers with the use of
demonstration farms to educate the farmers on farming techniques such as time of planting,
proper use of pesticides fertilizers as well as provide good seeds to farmers. With the constant
cultivation, no measure has been put in place to manage land and soil fertility, just technical
trainings.

Common Initiative groups (CIGs) as well exist in the municipality. Most of these CIGs arose
from mutual assistance organisations known as “njangi” houses. They are registered at the Sub
Divisional Delegation and documents sent to Bamenda for legalization.

Extension is mainly in the form of financial services. The existence of financial institutions and
credit unions (Bamenda Police Corporative Credit Union BAPCCUL) and ACEFA assist the
farmers in boosting up agric activities.

During transhumance, there are farmer grazer conflicts as farmers struggle with second cycle
cropping. Farmer grazer problems mostly exist in the lowlands (the Mbaw plains) and in Ntisaw
and Ntamru.

Farmers equally face problems of transportation. However, the council has done a lot to create
and rehabilitate farm to market roads such as the opening up of Ntumbaw-Ngarbuh road,
opening up of Ntamru-Tudih road and the rehabilitation of Ndu-Ngarum, Ngarum-Taku and the
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Ndu-Ntumbaw road to remedy transportation problems. At the level of the sectorial ministry,
they do not have enough office space.

3.9.5. Livestock Production

There are various types of livestock reared in Ndu municipality and their different basins.
Livestock such as Cattle, small ruminants, poultry (broilers with local fowls), piggery are reared
upland while in the plains there is the occurrence of apiculture and bee keeping. Most of the
reared species have their different origins as indicated on Table 13

Table 13: Reared livestock types and their origin.

Specie Origin
Cattle -Red Mbororo breed
-White Fulani traditional or Aku
-Gudali breed mostly in the SODEPA ranch in Dumbu more
improved
Goats/sheep Old in the area, African dwarf breed
Pigs Cross breed from Heifer International and traditional breed
Fowls Traditional breed
Broilers Supplied from Bafoussam
Source; compiled survey data2017

There exist various markets for these livestock such as the Cattle market in Ntumbaw,
Mbongong and the Small Ruminants market in Ndu. There are also veterinary centres in Ndu and
Ntumbaw which work in close contact with the farmers who bring their animals for vaccination,
diseases treatment and meat inspection as well as helping farmers in animal husbandry. The only
infrastructures that exist in the subdivision are six vaccination crutches with three existing
markets. Animal movements are controlled in the area by sectorial norms such as writing
movement permits, health permits and the control of animal movement at various strategic check
points.

Agro pastoral perimeters are carried out by sensitizing farmers on improving pastures so as to
prevent destructive movements of the animals and reduce farmer grazer conflicts. There is also
the training of farmers on developing a pastoral space, done with the use of seeds on
demonstration farms where farmers learn and get an insight of how they can develop their own
space. Farmers intend gain financial support via projects such as ACEFA that funds 85%of
equipments and also LIFIDEP. CIGs, farming cooperatives, cattle, poultry farmers such as Unity
pig farmers, Kugha cattle breeders Ntumbaw, pig farmers CIG in Mangu to name a few also
exist in the municipality. Zoonoses are fought against in the centres with the use of vaccines and
drugs. Farmers buy these drugs from pharmacies as prescribed by the centres and the sector as
well as does the vaccination for the farmers when the drugs and vaccines are available. There is
the local transformation of locally made yoghurt and butter.

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Livestock rearing is also a major economic activity in the area. Main species include cattle,
horses, goats, Sheep and fowls. Cattle’s rearing is mainly market-oriented and is mostly carried
out by the Mbororos/ Fulanis who are settled in the area. Transhumance is practised during the
dry season, and the main transhumance area is Ntaba in the Mbaw plain. Over 10,000 cattle are
taken to the plain each year during the transhumance period. According to 2002 livestock
census of the country, the number of livestock in the area was as follows:

Table 14: Census Results of Livestock in Ndu

Animal Number
Cattle 15000
Goats 48000
Pigs 3000
Sheep 30000
Horses 79
Asses 400
Fowl local 10000
Table birds 2950
Source: 2010 MINEPIA Ndu Sub Divisional Delegation

3.9.6. Forestry and wildlife

Only small patches of natural forest are found along valleys of mountainous zones. Most of the
natural vegetation has been replaced by eucalyptus plantation and the modification has affected
the environment. There is a Forestry Post that is in charge of managing and controlling activities
in the Sub Division. In the past, Prunus and Mahogany which are environmentally friendly have
been propagated in the forest. Other efforts in forest conservation and management are found in
Mbiyeh where the community has acquired a community forest and the sacred forest around the
palace in most of the villages. Other patches of natural forest are found at Sop, Njiningo and
Njilah/Njimnsa.

The management of this forest is largely by the community. Traditional regulations prevail.
However there is tendency for irrational and overexploitation of the forest resource. The council
forest at Mbiyeh is managed by the council. It has forest attendants who are in charge of
regeneration and controlling the exploitation.

3.9.7. Environment Protection of Nature and Sustainable Development

The Ndu Municipality is more or less stable due to the sloppy relief leading to a low water table
in most communities. Landslides are likely to occur in Sop and Ntaba and flood in Ntaba.
Droughts are likely to occur and the introduction of exotic tree species couple with soil burning
has led to water shortages. Agro- industries, notably CTE, CDC, and Donga Mantung Coffee
hauling Plants exist with the tendency of polluting the environment and waste generation. Most
waste generated in the Municipality from households is biodegradable which is mostly used as
compost manure in farms. Waste generated from the market is collected by the council to an
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identified dump site. Waste management is managed by the Department of Hygiene and
Sanitation of the council. Clinical waste from hospital is treated on site either by burying the
waste or burning on the incinerator. All environmental management issues within the council
area are done in collaboration with the Divisional Delegation of Environment, Protection of
Nature and Sustainable Development (MINEPDED). Green spaces do not exist in the council
area.

- More or less stable due to the sloppy relief, leading to a low water table in most
communities
- Landslide are likely to occur in Sop and Ntaba and flood in Ntaba
- Droughts are likely to occur and the introduction of exotic tree species couple with soil
burning has led shortage in water.
- Agro- industries (notably CTE, CDC, Ndu Tea Cooperative and Coffee hauling Plants)
exist with the tendency of polluting the environment and waste disposal by households,
market waste and hospital waste leaves much to be desired

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Natural Resource Management

Table 15: Matrix Diagnosis of Natural Resources

No Natural Localisation Potential Utilisers/ Controller Mode of Tendency Problems/ Actions to be taken
Resource Utilisation management Constraints
(Access)
01 Ranch land Mbongong, Vast land available Grazing and MINADER Land tenure Excessive land Conflicts on land Grazers need to be
Ntaba and on hill slopes Hunting. MINIPIA law and natural use between trained and
and just a small MINATD resource farmers and empowered to
portion on low land MINDAF degradation/ grazers develop their own
in Ntaba village. Depletion pasture, Training on
through the night paddock
constant use of systems and animal
bush fires. feed preservation for
the dry seasons.
02 Stones Ntaba, Njifor A huge potential for Constructio Community Currently The sector is not Low development Invite investors who
(basalts and and Boyar exploitation. n of road through the opened organised leading needs has led to can transform the
granite), and houses. traditional to unsustainable under exploitation resource into other
laterite Authorities exploitations. of the resources. products to invest in
the Municipality.
03 River sand Ntaba, A huge potential for Constructio Community Currently The sector is not Poor road Need to improve on
Mbawrong, exploitation. n of road through the opened organised leading infrastructure the road network
Njimnjong, and houses. traditional to unsustainable hinders the within the
Komping, Authorities exploitations. transportation of municipality.
Ntamru the sand to
communities in
need.
04 Fertile soil Ntaba, Sop, Enough available Cultivation Community Land law Peasant farming Inaccessibility of Provide incentives
for Wowo, Sinna land for cultivation. of various through the practices. the farming area for industrial
agriculture food (corn, traditional because of poor agriculture and
beans, Authorities road network and access to farm and
potatoes), the absence of market roads.
cash crops agricultural inputs.
(coffee,
palms).
05 Iron ore Njimnjong Available deposit. Not yet MINMIDT Regulated by Not yet exploited No available data Recognisance

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 exploited MINEPDED the Mining on resource. surveys and studies
code needed to help in
decision making.
06 Water Ntaba, Enough water Drinking and Community Currently Water quantity Encroachment into Plant more
(Rivers and Ntumbaw, agricultural through the restricted reducing as the water catchment environmentally
Streams) Njimnjong production Village result of more areas resulting to friendly trees
Development demands for the cutting down of especially at water
Association agriculture and trees thus catchment areas.
and Water human use. rendering the
Management water catchment
Committee surroundings areas
bear.
07 Forest Njilah, Mbiyeh Harbours various Provide MINFOF Currently Rapid forest Bush fire burning 1. Sensitisation and
and species of flora and wood for MINEPDED restricted degradation down trees due to training farmers on
Mbandfung in fauna and water cooking and because of tree farming and improved farming
Ndu catchment. Non Timber felling and land hunting activities. techniques
Forest reclamation for 2. Creation of more
products. farming. forest through the
planting of trees
3. Replanting of trees
on degraded areas
4.prohibit farming
activities within
reserved areas

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3.9.8. Public Works
The state of road network in Ndu council area is very poor and untarred. With the advent of the
decentralisation process, road works have been privatised and are granted to Construction
Companies and are funded through the Public Investment Budget.

The Council receives twenty seven million francs (27,000,000 F) CFA every year to take care of
its roads construction and maintenance works through the recruitment of direct labour. This
amount is often very small to construct or rehabilitate a reasonable portion of the road thus
contributing for the poor state of the road network.

Privatisation of road works actually slow development by hindering quick actions that may be
required to remedy certain emergencies on the road by the Divisional Delegate of Public works.
If an incident occurs on the road requiring immediate action, the Divisional Delegate will have to
write to his hierarchy who will have to award the contract to a Construction Company to do the
repairs which often takes several months. The delegate plays more of a supervisory role in the
council area and works closely in collaboration with the Council in controlling road works.
When it comes to construction waste, the delegate works with the Divisional delegate of
Environment, Protection of Nature and Sustainable in disposing the waste.

Table 16: The Road Network and State in Ndu

Length
Roads Status (Km) State
Njifor- Mbiyeh National 14 Bad
Kakar- Mbandung- Ntumbaw- Sop- Ntaba National 26 Bad
Ngarum- Mbiyeh Divisional Bad
Ndu- Ngarum- Taku- Ntundip- Luh Rural 15 Bad
Ngarum- Ntundip Rural Bad
Ndu- Nsih Odoh- Nseh Rural Bad
Ndu- Njilah- Wowo- Sehn- Ntumbaw Rural 15 Bad
Wowo- Mangu- Sinna- Nwa Rural Bad
Ndu- Njimkang- Ntisaw- Ntamru- Nwa Rural Bad
Khifé-Talla- Lower Mbot Rural Bad
Ndu -Mbaseh- Mbongong- Mbokob- Ntayi- Njimjong Rural Bad
Mbaseh- Mbipgo- Fuh- Mbot Rural Bad
Ndu- Jirt- Mbarh- Mbot Rural Bad
Ntumbaw- Njirong- Ngarbur- Mbawrong- Ntaba Rural Bad
Ntamru- Tudi Rural Bad
Ntamru- Ngwartung Rural Bad
Fuh- Mbongong Rural Bad
Mbipgo- Mbongong Rural Bad
Khife- Njiningo- Nsih Odoh Rural Bad
Ntumbaw - Ngulu Rural Bad

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 Ngfu- Mangu Rural Bad
Mbarseh- Njimkang- Njilah- Wowo Rural Bad
Ndu- Njilah- Mangu Rural Bad
Ntumbaw- Ngfu- Sinna Rural Bad
Sop- Nsam Rural Bad
Ndu- Nsih Odoh- Njifor Rural Bad
Mbiyey- Shuashua Rural Bad
Mbiyeh- Talla Palace- Tenteng Rural Bad
Source: Ndu Council baseline 2011

3.9.9. Health

Table 17: Health Units in Ndu

No of Health Units: 17
District Hospital Ndu Kakar IHC CTE Health Centre
Ndu Urban IHC Sub Divisional Hospital Taku Baptist HP Mbipgo
Ndu Baptist IHC Mbiyeh IHC Mbawrong IHC
Luh IHC Nsam IHC Catholic HC Ntaba
Ntumbaw IHC Mbongong IHC Catholic HC Ngarum
Sop IHC WOHEM Mbongong
Mangu IHC
SN Health Post

1 Health post Mbokop

2 Health post Ngarum

3 Health Post Kuma Talla

4 Njimnkang Health Post

5 Mbah Health Post

6 Wowo Health Post

7 Ntamru Health Post

Source: Compiled survey data 2017

There are 17 health areas and 7 health posts in Ndu sub division all under the supervision of the
District Medical officer of Ndu District hospital. However the health areas or units have trained
personnel’s as compared to the health posts who mostly have community trained staffs. Most of
these health areas is dominated by Integrated health centres (IHC). These health posts stand as a
lobby for health units in the areas concerned. Out of the 17 health units only two (Taku and Ndu)
are hospitals with Medical Doctors. However, a general analysis of the different health units
shows the following results as shown on Table 16. Most of the health units have insufficient
water points and other facilities. There are just six water points, 15 latrines, 3 gates, few waste

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 treatment devices and only one health area has a lodging facility for the Medical Doctor. All of
these health units except WOHEMS do simultaneous vaccination with different antigens to
children. Many activities go on within these health units to combat health issues such as
sensitization programs for the prevention and fight against diseases like HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis,
malaria and many others. Finally about 95%t of these health units have health and management
committee.

However there are a series of problems encountered by the health sector in this municipality.
Problems such as Insufficient staffs, lack of means of transportation, poor state of existing
structures and lack of an administrative district structure are main and core concerns to the health
areas. Renovation of the buildings, deployment of staffs and construction of an administrative
district structure and the provision of a suitable means of transportation to the district is their
main priority.

Great efforts are being undertaken by public authorities and the communities to set up structures
in health units of the public and the private sector. There are good structures in about 50%,
whereas another 50% require greater efforts to meet the acceptable level.

Table 18: Sanitary situation in Ndu

No of Doctors No of Nurses Endemic Diseases Recent No of Support staff
epidemics
4 20 Malaria & Respiratory Measles in 10
infections 2015
Source: Compiled survey data 2017

Health personnel are largely insufficient for the municipality. There are only 4 medical Doctors
and 20 nurses in the public establishment within the municipality. In the private sector, there are
15 nurses and no Doctor for a population of about 100, 000 inhabitants. Also there is limited
amount of equipment in health units.

Equipments

Table 19: List of Equipments for 17 health Units

Equipments Beds Buildings Laboratories Maternities Pharmacies Refrigerators
Number 214 18 12 15 14 14
Source: Compiled survey data 2017

3.9.10. Water and Energy Supply

Water supply in the municipality varies from one village to another and comes either from the
hills where they have been properly retained and channelled for consumption or are simply let to
flow as streams. In Ndu there are 8 water catchments, with 4 functional. However most of these
catchments have dried off due to poor and irrational practices around water catchments and the

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introduction of exotic tree species. They consume much water for growth. There are 8 functional
public stand taps out of 28, and there are 572 connections. Apart from Ndu town, where the
water supply system uses motorised engine pump, all other system in the municipality are pulled
by gravity.

The main acute problem that affects water system is acute shortage in the dry season. The
principal reason for this situation is the fact that very little or nothing is done to protect
catchments. In most cases, farming and grazing are carried out around catchment areas
indiscriminately, and most are surrounded by eucalyptus plantations

Six villages are supplied with electricity. These include Ndu, Ntumbaw, Talla, Wowo and
Ngarum. There are 10 transformers in the municipality; 3 in Ndu, 3 in Ntumbaw, 1 in Nshi-o-
Doh, 1 Njipluh, 1 in Ngarum and 1 in Mbiyeh.

3.9.11. Communication
Radio and television waves are very much present in the urban area and extend to some rural
areas in vary proportion in Ndu Sub Division. Prominent radio signals include that of;
Renaissance Community Radio, Savanna Frontier Radio, and Sky Net FM. Overall more than
60% of settlements are covered with various radio stations. No Local Television House exists
but some of the villages can hooked up to the National Television (CRTV) signals. Other local
and foreign channels Television signals are received through Satellite dishes (parabolic
antennae). Newspapers Media Houses and Newspapers supply are completely absent in the
municipality.

The council uses various methods to communicate to the people. These include the use of their
notice board, announcement in churches, communication through councillors, letter writing to
target organized groups.

3.9.12. Mines, Industries and Technological Development

The Ndu Municipality has mining potential for sand, basalts, granite and iron ore. Basalts rocks
are found dotted all over the Subdivision with huge deposits in Ntaba, Njifor and Boyar whereas
iron ore is at the village of Njimnjong linking up with Mayo Binka in Nkambe Central Sub
Division. The mining resources are currently underdeveloped and some are exploited by artisanal
miners. The sand and stones that are mined are used for road and house constructions. The sector
is not organised comprising of mostly youths and men who either work temporarily or
seasonally. Children at times accompany their parents to the mine site where they also get
involved in the mining activity. Artisanal miners create environmental degradation problems
which include landslide, erosion, and removal of vegetation cover. They are also faced with
health and safety problems because of the non-use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

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Quarry products generate revenue for the council through a charge put on a loaded trip of quarry
product transported.

Other activities that are attached to the sector include the supervision public garages, carpentry
and tire workshops and equally the protection of the property rights of inventors. The Divisional
Delegate of Mine, Industries and Technological Development is charged with the control of
these activities in the municipality and works in collaboration with the Council and with the
Divisional Delegation of Environment Protection of Nature and Sustainable Development
especially when it comes to Environmental Impact Assessment of the activities of these
structures in the community. The protection of property rights is largely unknown in the
municipality, even though there are some individuals who are excelling in invention like the
mobile public urinary system. This is an example of an innovation that requires to be promoted.

The Cameroon Tea Estate is the major agro-industry of the municipality. It processes tea for
national and international consumption. Other food processing plants are local and to small
scale. These include cassava transformation, coffee plant at Mbiyeh, rice and oil palm at Mbaw.

3.9.13. Youth Affairs

There exist non equipped centres for the promotion of youth activities as well as a functional
adult school in the village set up though not still under youth affairs. Youths in the Ndu
municipality have benefitted financial support from the government to operate livestock and
agricultural activities. The support program National Civic Service for Participation in
Development (NCSNPT), made at the disposal financial support to ten youths in 2012, twenty
youths in 2014, 25 youths in 2016 and the refinancing of 5 youths out of the 25 in 2015 as a
result of their good works as indicated in visit/follow-up. Youths in the area are also active in
the Cameroon National Youth Council (CNYC) with a great representation. At the level of social
affairs sector, youths have benefitted from free holiday trainings. Every year from 2015,
conscripts youths age 17-21years of good moral backgrounds from various schools are sent to
Bamenda for training in areas such as ICT, First AID, environmental protection and civic
education. In 2015, 21 youths benefitted, in 2016 13 youths benefitted making a total of 34
youth’s beneficiaries so far. The main problem of this sector is the lack of a multipurpose youth
empowerment centre, an office infrastructure and the means of transportation. Therefore their
main priority is the construction of a youth multipurpose empowerment centre and the
construction of an office structure.

Table 20: Legalised youth group associations in Ndu Sub Division

S/N Name of youth association Address Date of authorisation
1 Profession and trade youth group Ndu Ndu 4 July 2011
2 Ntamru youth association Ntamru 27 August 2013
3 Njipkfu youth association Njipkfu Ndu 27 August 2013
4 Ndu Barbers youth association Ndu 27 August 2013
5 Mbipla-Mbot youth development association Mbipgo Ndu 5 August 2013

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 6 Ngulu Development youth association Ngulu 23 August 2013
7 Ntumbaw youth association Ntumbaw 23 August 2013
8 Nyar Wowo youth development association Wowo 27 August 2013
9 Bororrow cultural and development youth group Ndu 27 August 2013
10 Njiplu youth club Boyar Njiplu Ndu 27 August 2013
11 Solidarity youths with special abilities Ndu 6 November 2013
12 Dayi youth cultural and development association Ntundip 7 November 2013
13 Mbongong dynamic youth association Mbongong 6 November 2013
14 The Tamba youth meeting Taku 6 November 2013
15 Jahmnyor youth association Ntisaw Ntisaw 12 November 2012

3.9.14. Sports and Physical Education

Few infrastructures for sports and physical education exist in the Ndu municipality but are not up
to standard. Football and handball pitches exist in 41 communities as well as a volley ball pitch
in the seminary and a basketball pitch at JMBC Ndu. Some few sports association exists such as
the veteran clubs for keep fit and the dynamic athletic club which incorporates civilian sports and
trainings for mount Cameroon race of hope. Different sporting events in the municipality include
Football, Handball, Volleyball and basketball with the most common being Handball and
Football sports. Moreover, holiday championships are always being organized by donors like the
Renaissance Football Tournament of 2016. Apart from the existence of football pitches in all
communities (except Njirong), most of the other sport training centres in Ndu municipality are
less developed or inexistent.

3.9.15. Commerce
There exist many markets in the Ndu municipality with and without infrastructure. However
these markets with their states and many others can be seen on Table 20. Most of these markets
are periodic and have common goods sold in the different markets. In markets with no
infrastructures, the traders mostly meet periodically, either once or twice a week. In these
markets village produce are sold as well as those from the neighbouring country Nigeria. More
items also come from Nigeria such as beverages, Fuel to name a few. However most of agric
produce from our land are seen in different community markets.

Table 21: List of different markets and the different goods sold
Markets and their Types Periods Infrastructures Types of goods mostly sold
states
Ndu Market, Fair state General and Daily and Market hangers, Market Maize, Beans, Potatoes,
Small periodic Sheds ad make shifts. Vegetables Goats, Pigs,
Ruminants Toilets, water points and Fowls and other basic
trash cans items

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Ndu Market B, Good Not yet Not yet Park, market hangers and _
state operational operational toilets
Ntumbaw market, Food items Periodic(once a Market sheds hangers and Corn, Beans, Yams,
Good state and other week) make shift. Toilets, water Cocoyam’s and other
articles and trashcans articles
Ntumbaw cattle Cattle Periodic/weekly Market Master Office Cattle and other edible
market, Poor state market items
Ntaba Market, Fair General Daily and Open markets sheds and Corn, Beans, Soybeans,
state periodic market market hangers Plantains and cassava
Ntamru, Good state General Daily and Open market sheds, hangers Corn, Beans, other food
periodic and individual sheds. Toilet, items, Groundnuts and
trash cans with no water fruits
Gwarngap Market, General Daily and Make shifts and no toilets, Food items
Poor state periodic no waste treatment facility
Sinna Market, Good General Periodic/weekly Market hangers, VIP toilets Beans, Corn and Plantains
state and good portable water
Wowo, Poor state General Periodic Make shifts and personal Vegetables and other food
buildings items
Njifor, Good state Cattle Not yet Toilets and market masters Not yet functional
market functional office
Ntundip market, Poor General Daily and Village square, no general Food items and other
state market periodic infrastructure articles
Luh market, very poor General Daily and Village square, no general Food items and other
state market periodic infrastructure articles
Taku market, very poor General Daily and Village square, no general Beans, Vegetable and corn
state periodic infrastructure
Mangu market, very General Daily and Village square, no general Food items and other
poor state market periodic infrastructure articles
Sehn Market, very poor General Daily and Village square, no general Beans, Vegetable and corn
state periodic infrastructure
Ngarum market, very General Daily and Village square, no general Beans and corn
poor state, periodic infrastructure
Mbiyeh market, very General Daily and Village square, no general Vegetables, food items
poor state periodic infrastructure
Sop Market, very poor General periodic Village square, no general Vegetables, Yams, cocoyam
state infrastructure and plantains
Mbawrong General Daily and Village square, no general Vegetables
periodic infrastructure
Njimnkang General Daily and Village square, no general Food items and other
market periodic infrastructure articles
Source; Compiled survey data 2017

There is the existence of different markets namely; Ndundip, Luh, Taku, Mangu, Sehn,
Ntumbaw, Sop, Ntaba, Mbawrong, Ndu, Ngarum, Mbiyeh, Mbongong, Ntamru, Talla, Mbot,
Njimkang, Ntantala, Wowo, Sinna, Mangu, Ntaba, Njifor and Gwarngap markets. With all
these markets, only seven have well constructed structures while the other markets have few or

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no structures at all. Ntumbaw, Sinna and Ntamru markets have a management committee while
the others do not have. However there exist problems related to commercialization of products
and management of markets such as regulation of prices of goods such as beans and corn where
farmers sell at their own prices. Difficulties in the transportation of produce, waste management
problems and refusal to pay ground rents are some major issues faced by the population.

3.9.16. Employment and Vocational Training

The majority of people in the Ndu Council area are self-employed in the agricultural sector.
However job opportunities due come out seasonally requiring the services of skilled and
unskilled workers in the construction sector. There are limited formal training institutions, but
there are many trades where young people are trained. Most youths with qualifications are
jobless and there is need for them to build capacity to meet up in the production sector of the
municipality.

Vocational training institutions found in the municipality are;

 SAR/SM Ndu is functioning with five teachers all with qualifications in CAPIET and has
85 students
 ALGAYU Vocational Training Institute is functioning with four teachers having
qualification in the General Certificate of Education Advance Level (GCE A/L),
Probatoire Certificate and Baccalaureate Certificate and has 6 students.
SAR/SM has a two years training program whereas ALGAYU Vocational Training Institute has
a one year training program. The buildings of these Vocational Institutions are fairly good with
toilets and without fences, playing ground and water facilities. Acquisition of material for
SAR/SM is provided by the government and the Parent Teacher Association (PTA) contributions
and in the case of ALGAYU funds come from the Proprietor and from fees paid by the students.

3.9.17. Small and Medium Size Enterprises, Social Economy & Handicraft
There are many small enterprises existing in the Ndu council area which the Divisional
Delegation of Small and Medium Size Enterprises, Social Economy & Handicraft is working
progressively to identify them. This is in the domain of pottery, netting, sawing, embroidering,
carving, weaving and Innovative Technologies. Ndu Sub Division actually comes first in the
Division when it comes to small enterprises and handicraft works. At the moment no Craft
Centres exist in the municipality but there is one at the Regional Head Quarter where producers
can exhibit their products for sales. One of the main roles of the Divisional Delegation is to carry
out sensitisation of artisanal crafts production, the grouping of artisanal producers, registration
and providing them with Recognition Cards free of charge. The Delegation also plans to set up a
Craft Exhibition and Registration Office at the Council premises.

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At the level of the Ministry in Yaoundé, competitions are organised in collaboration with the
council after every two years to give craft producers the opportunity to showcase their products
at the Sub Divisional level right up to the National level. Prices are awarded to the participants of
these competitions. Although the Ministry is working very hard to promote this sector because of
its potential to create jobs and wealth, Craft producers are still faced with the following
problems; quality standards and markets for their products considering that the purchasing power
in the communities is very low.

3.9.18. Labour and Social Security

Employment and trades opportunities that exist in the Ndu council area falls under the following
categories;

 The primary sector which is agriculture based comprising of the Cameroon Tea Estate
(CTE), the Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC) and the Njiptop Tea Farmers’
Cooperative
 The secondary sector which encompasses transformation and include the Njiptop
sFarmers’ Tea Cooperative and the CTE
 The Tertiary sector which includes Trading and Services.
Working conditions relating to the above mentioned sectors are poor in terms of salaries
payment, affiliation with the National Social Insurance Fund (NSIF) and exposure to risks at the
work place. Skilled and semi-skilled jobs are hard to find in the municipality as the result of
limited established companies and services.

Most employees are paid below the minimum wage thus making it difficult for them to subscribe
to the National Social Insurance Fund (NSIF), and at times employers deceived their employees
that they are contributing for their Social Security Scheme, whereas that is not the case. The
employees end up without retirement benefits.

Mutual health structures exist with the role of sensitising workers on health issues, hygiene and
sanitation and health statistics collection.

3.9.19. Housing and Urban Development

The urban population of the Ndu Council area is approximately 16,000 inhabitants. Hygiene and
Sanitation in the urban area is maintained by the council by organising clean up campaigns and
by utilising the services of Hygiene and Sanitation Department. The council has a few housing
assets which include the Mbiyeh formal council office, the council office at Ndu and the Guest
house. No community public lodging facilities exist at the moment. The Divisional Delegation
of Housing and Urban Development also helps the council in providing expert advice when need
be especially on town planning. At the moment the council has no urbanization plan but has a
road network of 33km without tar. Public Transportation is mostly by motor bikes which are
controlled by the council.

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Conventional habitation is predominant here with most of the building materials imported from
the western world. Some of the issues faced with housing and urban development are;

 There is no Master Plan for the council area

 Limited income generating activities in the council area
 High cost of construction materials and limited water supply for the moulding of bricks
 Poor road network.
Houses are constructed and owned by community dwellers. Land is also enough for housing and
other infrastructure development.

3.9.20. Tourism
Natural touristic potentials of the area include the following:
- The beautiful picturesque landscape with hills in high altitudes and the Mbaw plains
which can be viewed entirely from the hills.
- Small beautiful waterfall (at Sinna, Ntumbaw, Wowo, Taku and the Ndu Tea area.
- Caves with signs that served as shelters to early dwellers of the area, like soot on the roof
and old broken pot (at Sop, Sinna, Njirong, Njimnkang, Luh, and Taku)
- The Mbibi community forest and Njilah/Njimnsa forests that habour beautiful birds, like
the Bannerman’s Turaco (produces red feather worn by notables and title holders as
indicator of honour accorded in the North West Region) and other rare and endemic
species of the region.
Tourism establishments are characterised by the following;

Table 22: Touristic Establishment in Ndu Sub Division

Name of Hotel Location No of No of Price Range Remarks
Rooms Staff (Franc CFA)
Santana Ndu 16 3 5000-10000 Unclassified with a
restaurant
Summit Eco-Kid Ndu 10 4 3000-5000 Unclassified with a
restaurant
Dallas Ndu 9 2 2000 Unclassified
Holy war Complex Ndu 9 1 Unclassified
Council Guest Ndu 6 1 2000-3000 Unclassified
House
CBTS Ndu 5 1 2000-4000 Unclassified with a
restaurant
Sawa Hotel Ndu 10 1 1000 Unclassified
Mbiyeh Rest house Talla 6 1 2000-3000 Unclassified
George Private Rest Ntaba 6 1 1500-3000 Unclassified
House
Source: Ndu Council CDP 2011

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Despite the huge tourism potential, the promotion and protection of activities are not assured.
Thus the Sector Ministry and the council still have to do much to exploit its potential in income
generation.

3.9.21. Culture
The culture of the Wimbum is expressed through their language, dressing, food, and dance. The
17 Fondoms of the Ndu Council offer a wide variety of display to express their culture as seen
through some display in the Palaces. The displays enlighten people on their origin, dressing,
food type consumed and habit of living together as a community. There are periodical cultural
festivals that are organised in the various Fondoms.

The Arts and Culture sector in the Ndu Municipality is however hampered by some prohibiting
factors: the cultural values are deterioration and foreign culture been taken up by young people.
The absence of cultural infrastructures has remained preoccupying and very little is left to
preserve the cultural identity of the people. There is therefore need for construction of museums,
cultural halls, monument and libraries in the municipality.

3.9.22. Territorial Administration and Decentralisation

The council area is organised into 17 Fondoms, and fall under two categories in classification.
There are Four Secord class Fondoms (Ndu, Talla, Ngarum and Ntundip), while the remaining
13 Fondoms are classified Third class. They work together with Administrative Authorities of
the Division and Sub Division in the administration of the people. With the decentralisation
process progressively put into place in Cameroon, the Ndu Council is taking more
responsibilities as power is devolved to the local structure.

3.9.23. Post and Telecommunication

Three Mobile Telephone Network services (MTN, Orange & Nextel) exist in the municipality,
with maximum coverage around the urban area. It however extends to some of the villages but
with partial coverages as you move away from the Ndu urban space. The three telephone
companies also supply the communities with internet services. Installation transmitters for all the
three telephone networks are planted within the Ndu urban space. There is the total absence of a
land line telephone network and Telefax services in the entire Sub Division.

The municipality is served with the national postal service, Cameroon Postal Services
(CAMPOST) which is fully functional and provide services such as; Mails receiving and
delivery, Postal Orders, sales of communication credit, fiscal stamps and money transfer. Mails
are also transmitted through transport agencies. There is no Tele-Centre in the municipality at the
moment.

A Tele-Centre serves as a hub for Information and Communication Technology (ICT) training
and internet services for the youths.

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3.9.24. Transport
The main mode of transportation within the Sub Division is by Motor bikes and the use of a few
transport vehicles. A Motor Park is found in the Ndu urban area which is functional and another
newly created one at Sirngwa which is still under construction. Despite the existence of the
Motor Park, Motor bike riders barely respect its usage and can be found mostly on road
junctions. The functioning of the park is safeguarded by the Park Master who is an employee of
the council.

Facilities such as public toilets, waste bins and water points are totally absent in the park. It also
faces problems such as; Noise pollution resulting from the use of heavy loudspeakers by bar
owners and music download vendors.

3.9.25. Women Empowerment and Family

Women Empowerment is still an unexploited area in the Ndu municipality. There is the
Divisional of Women Empowerment and Family in Nkambe to cater for women and the girl
child issues in the municipality. However, with the limited staffing situation, much is still left to
be done. There is equally no Women Empowerment Center in the municipality, and there is no
NGO or Project aimed at empowering the woman and girl child in the area. This is reflected in
the nature of activities carried out by women and girl children in the area. A majority of the
women are involved in subsistence farming and petit trading, some of them are housewives. A
great majority of them is not involved in politics, and they do not take part in the decision
process, this explains why there is a limited representation of female councillors. Also, many
young girls drop out of school at a very young age and early stage, some get married very early
and many have children at tender ages. This creates a necessity for the empowerment of the
woman and girl child in the Ndu municipality.

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Annex 1: Report of Baseline Presentation and Validation

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Annex 2: Data Collected for Basic Education Institutions
Pre- Education Institution

 Rural/ Year
Schools urban Type Village Loc Creation Boys Girls Total
1 GNS FUH R G C 2012 22 14 36
2 GNS FUKOP R G C 2010 18 15 33
3 GNS GUNG R G C 2013 9 14 23
4 GNS KIHFE U G Ndu C 2012 17 7 24
5 GNS KOPMBING R G C 2012 Closed
6 GNS KUMA TALLA R G Talla C 2012 8 17 25
7 GNS LUH R G Luh C 2005 18 22 40
8 GNS MANGU R G C 2008 45 47 91
9 GNS MBADOH U G Ndu C 2012 24 21 45
10 GNS MBAH R G C 2012 5 5 10
11 GNS MBAWRONG R G C 2012 15 17 32
12 GNS MBIPGO R G Mbipgo C 2012 26 24 50
13 GNS MBONGONG R G C 2012 12 13 25
14 GNS MUKOP R G Ndu C 2012 25 19 44
15 GNS NDU U G Ndu C 1988 74 66 140
16 GNS NDU 1 U G Ndu C 2009 40 24 64
17 GNS BUH R G C 2011 15 9 24
18 GNS NGARBUH II R G C 2008 8 12 20
19 GNS NGARBUH III R G C 2010 5 4 9
20 GNS NGARUM II R G Ngarum C 2012 8 11 19
21 GNS NGULU R G Ngulu C 2012 16 17 33
22 GNS NGVU R G Ngvu C 2012 21 17 38
23 GNS NJILAH R G Njilah C 2006 18 19 37
24 GNS NJIMNKANG R G Njimnkang C 2012 16 14 30
GNS NJIPLVU
25 BONGEH U G Ndu C 2012 8 6 14
26 GNS NJIPTOP U G Ndu C 2008 19 11 30
27 GNS NSARUNG R G C 2012 10 17 27
28 GNS NTUMBAW R G Ntumbaw C 2010 36 37 73
29 GNS SOP R G Sop C 2012 21 19 40
30 GNS TAKU R G Taku C 2008 23 14 37
31 GNS TALLA R G Talla C 2005 54 57 111
32 GNS TENGTENG R G Talla C 2012 13 6 19
33 GNS MBOYAH R G C 2013 25 19 44
34 GNS MBASANG R G C 2013 14 22 36
35 GBNS KAKAR U G Kakar C 21 25 46
36 GNS NJIFOR U G Ndu C 2013 21 19 40
37 GNS WOWO R G Wowo C 2010 46 71 117
38 GNS BARAKI U G Ndu C 14 11 25
39 GNS MBANDFUNG U G Ndu C 2016 7 10 17
40 CNS LUH R C Luh C 26 30 56

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 41 CNS NDU U C Ndu C 40 26 66
42 CNS NGARUM R C Ngarum C 19 25 44
43 CNS NJIMNKANG R C Ndu C 24 28 52
44 CNS NTUMBAW R C Ntumbaw C 16 24 40
45 CNS SOP FARM R C Sop C 0 0 0
46 PNS KAKAR U P Ndu C 8 7 15
47 PNS NDU U P Ndu C 0 0 0
48 CBC NS FUYAH U B C 17 16 33
49 CBC NS JIRT R B C 10 17 27
50 CBC NS KAKAR U B Kakar C 10 11 21
51 CBC NS MBIYEH R B Talla C 23 13 36
52 CBC NS NDU I U B Ndu C 18 10 28
53 CBC NS NDU II U B Ndu C 51 69 120
54 CBC NS NGARUM R B Ngarum C 17 17 34
55 CBC NS NTABA R B Ntaba C 30 37 67
56 CBC NS NTUMBAW R B Ntumbaw C -
57 CBC NS MBANSHI U B Ndu C 4 9 13
58 CBC NS SOP R B Sop C -
59 CBC NS WOWO R B Wowo C 31 26 57
60 INS KAKAR U I Ndu C 5 4 9
61 INS MBAJENG R I C 13 9 22
62 INS MBANDFUNG R I Ndu C 9 4 13
63 INS NTISAW R I Ntisaw C 14 13 27
64 INS NTUMBAW R I Ntumbaw C 28 35 63
FUTURE HOPE
65 NJIMKANG R L Njimnkang E 18 24 42
66 MURING B.P.S NDU U L Ndu E 23 30 53
67 PET NDU U L Ndu E 23 33 56
68 KING DAVID NDU U L Ndu E 22 26 48
69 ST ROLAND NDU U L Ndu E 6 5 11
70 ALL STARS TAKU R L Taku E 4 8 12
71 TBNS NGANG R L Ntumbaw E 9 13 22
72 Com. NS JIMSA R L Ntumbaw E 5 7 12
73 GNS SEHN R G Sehn E 28 30 58
   Total           9868 9550 19418

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Primary Education Institution

 Rural/ Year
Schools urban Type Village Loc Creation Girls Boys Total
1 GS FUH R G Ndu C 1990 50 94 144
2 GS GUNG R G Ndu C 2004 66 67 133
3 GS KOPKUH R G Ndu C 2006 106 66 172
4 GS MANGI R G Ndu C 1999 91 100 191
5 GS MBADOH R G Ndu C 2004 123 130 253
6 GS MBAGOH R G Sinna C 2008 99 72 171
7 GS MBAH R G Ndu C 1990 65 78 143
8 GS MBARSE R G Ndu C 1984 173 169 342
9 GS MBASI R G Ndu C 2013 108 96 204
10 GS MBONGONG R G Ndu C 1984 91 85 176
11 GS MBUKOP NDU R G Ndu C 2002 64 60 124
12 GS NJIMNSA R G Ndu C 2000 85 85 170
13 GS NTAMRU R G Ndu C 1978 116 138 254
14 GS NGARBUH 111 R G Ndu C 2016 59 44 103
15 GS NTISAW R G Ndu C 1990 105 88 193
16 GS TENGTENG R G Ndu C 1962 85 102 187
17 GS MANGU R G Ndu C 1982 176 176 352
18 GS MANKENG R G Ndu C 2006 97 110 207
19 GS MBUNTZI R G Ndu C 1995 50 50 100
20 IPS MANGU R I Ndu C 2007 33 32 65
21 IPS MBANJENG R I Ndu C 2004 42 30 72
22 IPS MBONGONG R I Ndu C CLOSED
23 IPS NTISAW R I Ndu C 2006 46 68 114
24 GS MBAJENG R G Ndu C 2012 77 70 147
25 GS MBASANG R G Ndu C 2015 73 85 158
26 GS MBAKUP R G Ndu C 1998 118 104 222
27 T.B NGANG R L Ndu C 2008 36 54 90
28 CBC BOYAR U B Ndu C 1996 14 12 26
29 CBC KAKAR U B Ndu C 1962 72 66 138
30 CBC NDU I U B Ndu C 1932 41 33 74
31 CBC NDU II U B Ndu C 2007 195 155 350
32 CBC NJIPTOP U B Ndu C 1990 36 36 72
33 CBC MBASHI U B Ndu C 1973 32 36 68
34 CS NDU U C Ndu C 1978 76 93 169
35 GBS KAKAR U G Ndu C 2004 104 103 207
36 GBS NDU U G Ndu C 1997 288 312 600
37 GS KHIFE U G Ndu C 1992 112 108 220
38 GS MUKOP U G Ndu C 2001 90 82 172
39 GS NDU I U G Ndu C 2004 110 129 239
40 GS NDU II U G Ndu C 2004 107 123 230
41 GS NJIFOR U G Ndu C 1990 75 90 165
42 GS NJIPLVU U G Ndu C 1996 84 122 206

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 43 IPS KAKAR U I Ndu C 2003 15 17 32
44 CS NJIMNKANG R C Ndu C 1996 41 57 98
45 IPS MBARSE R I Ndu C 1995 26 25 51
46 IPS MBOKOP R I Ndu C 1996 34 39 73
47 IPS NDU U I Ndu C 1995 21 17 38
48 ST ROLAND NDU U L Ndu C 2005 24 19 43
49 PET NDU U L Ndu C 2007 52 59 111
50 K. DAVID NDU U L Ndu C 2009 43 41 84
51 IPS MBANDFUNG R I Ndu C 2015 56 56 112
52 MURING P.M U L Ndu C 2010 45 32 77
53 PS KAKAR U P Ndu C 1988 30 35 65
54 PS NDU U P Ndu C 1990 36 45 81
55 CBC MBANDFUNG R B Ndu C 1981 52 71 123
56 CBC Mbipgo R B Mbipgo C 1947 85 60 145
57 GS Mbipgo R G Mbipgo C 1990 75 127 202
58 GS NJILAH R G Njilah C 1992 119 131 250
59 IPS NTANTALA R I Njilah C 1984 38 57 95
60 GS NJIMNKANG R G Njimkang C 1975 105 140 245
61 F.H NJIMNKANG R L Njimkang C 2005 48 48 96
62 GS SEHN R G Sehn C 1975 165 140 305
63 CBC WOWO R B Wowo C 1947 55 84 139
64 GS WOWO R G Wowo C 2001 147 153 300
65 GS NGULU R G Ngulu E 1990 86 96 182
66 GS SHOKOP R G Njirong E 2007 51 71 122
67 GS RONG R G Njirong E 2001 98 72 170
68 GS MBAWRONG R G Njirong E 1979 75 87 162
Nseh-
69 GS NSEH-MACOP R G Macop E 2004 42 38 80
70 CBC NTUMBAW R B Ntummbaw E 1991 67 68 135
71 CS NTUMBAW R C Ntummbaw E 1988 70 55 125
72 GS NGARBOH I R G Ntummbaw E 1982 124 146 270
73 GS NGARBOH II R G Ntumbaw E 1990 54 56 110
74 GS NGVU R G Sop E 1979 91 94 185
75 GS NTUMBAW R G Ntummbaw E 1972 164 198 362
76 IPS NTUMBAW R I Ntummbaw E 1995 104 132 236
77 ALL STARS TAKU R L Taku E 2015 31 31 62
78 CBC SINNA R B Sinna E 1998 31 26 57
79 GS SINNA R G Sinna E 1980 96 115 211
80 CBC MBAW SOP R B Sop E 1992 71 83 154
81 CS SOP FARM R C Sop E 1987 72 90 162
82 GS NSAM R G Sop E 1984 76 92 168
83 GS NTABA R G Sop E 2003 167 179 346
84 GS SOP R G Sop E 1975 187 217 404
85 GS KOPMBING R G Luh W 2012 30 31 61
86 IPS NTABA R I Sop E 1995 61 49 110
87 CBC MBUNKFU R B Luh W 2001 34 32 66

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 88 CS LUH R C Luh W 1948 86 110 196
89 GS MBOKOP R G Luh W 1984 76 116 192
90 GS LUH R G Luh W 1984 130 143 273
91 GS MBOYAH R G Luh W 1978 87 75 162
92 IPS MBOYAH R I Luh W 1996 47 37 84
93 CBC NGARUM R B Ngarum W 1990 76 68 144
94 CS NGARUM R C Ngarum W 1954 77 90 167
95 GS NGARUM I R G Ngarum W 2003 134 136 270
96 GS NGARUM II R G Ngarum W 1990 73 58 131
97 IPS NTAMRU R I Ntundip W 2004 37 33 70
98 GS NTUNDIP R G Ntundip W 1971 159 144 303
99 GS NTUNGE R G Ntundip W 2000 96 126 222
100 CBC TAKU R B Taku W 1942 51 51 102
101 GS FUKOP R G Taku W 1985 175 160 335
102 GS MBENG-TAKU R G Taku W 1992 89 87 176
103 GS MBUKOP- TAKU R G Taku W 2003 78 123 201
104 CBC MBIYEH R B Talla W 1981 67 65 132
105 GS KUMA TALLA R G Talla W 1996 188 176 364
106 GS SHUASHUA R G Talla W 1992 68 70 138
107 GS TALLA U G Talla W 1975 190 225 415
Ecole public de
108 Ndu R G Ndu C 49 39 88
   Total           9868 9550 19418

NB:
Rural/Urban: R=Rural, U=Urban
Type: C= Catholic Primary school, B=Baptist Schools, G= Government schools, I= Islamic schools, P= Presbyterian schools, L=
Private schools
Loc: C= located in the Centre, E= Located in the East, W= Located in the West

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Annex 3: Attendance Sheet at the Restitution and Validation of Baseline Data

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