SECTION 5 STEERING SYSTEM

Group 1 Structure and Function ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5-1

Group 2 Operational Checks and Troubleshooting ---------------------------------------------------- 5-9
Group 3 Tests and Adjustments ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5-16
Group 4 Disassembly and Assembly -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5-23
 SECTION 5 STEERING SYSTEM
GROUP 1 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

1. OUTLINE

Steering wheel

Steering unit

Rear axle

Main pump

To hyd tank

Front axle

H940S4WS5SE01

The main components of the steering system are the priority valve in main pump, load sensing steer
unit, hydraulic tank and front power track rod ram.
When the steering wheel is turned, a pressure demand is sensed at the priority valve in main pump
via load sensing line LS.
Oil from the main pump is then distributed via the priority valve to the steer unit, which then directs the
oil to the front power track rod ram until the required steering lock is achieved.
When the steering lock is held, the pressure signal LS ceases, flow from the main pump is now dis-
tributed to the main hydraulic circuit via the priority valve in main pump.
Maximum steering system pressure is controlled by a relief valve located in the steering unit.

5-1
 2. HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT

MCV

RCV lever
(pilot control)
1 EF CF

4
L
LS A B
LS T
H

K P
D C
Priority valve G
R

MCV B+D : 2WS

A+D : 4WS
A+C : CRAB
P2 P1

LOADER MCV(Return line)

17
40 30
EXCAVATOR MCV(Return line)
32

16

Return line

H940S4WS5SE02

1 Main pump 17 Air breather 40 Hydraulic tank

4 Steering unit 30 Oil cooler
16 By-pass check valve 32 Return filter

5-2
 1) NEUTRAL

MCV

RCV lever
(pilot control)
1 EF CF

4
L
LS A B
LS T
H
K P
D C
Priority valve G
R

MCV B+D : 2WS

A+D : 4WS
A+C : CRAB
P2 P1

LOADER MCV(Return line)

17
40 30
EXCAVATOR MCV(Return line)
32

16

Return line

H940S4WS5SE03

 The steering wheel is not being operated so control spool (G) does not move.
 The oil from the main pump (1) enters port P of steering unit (4) and the inlet pressure oil moves the
priority valve spool (K).
 Almost all of pump flow goes to the main control valve through the EF port and partly flows into the
hydraulic tank (40) through the spool (G).

5-3
 2) LEFT TURN

MCV

RCV lever
(pilot control)
1 EF CF

L
G
LS A B
LS T
H

K P
D C
Priority valve
R

MCV B+D : 2WS

A+D : 4WS
A+C : CRAB
P2 P1

LOADER MCV(Return line)

17
40 30
EXCAVATOR MCV(Return line)
32

16

Return line

H940S4WS5SE04

 When the steering wheel is turned to the left, the spool (G) within the steering unit (4) connected with
steering column turns in left hand direction.
 At this time, the oil discharged from the main pump (1) flows into the spool (G) of the steering unit
through the spool (K) of priority valve built in main pump (1) and flows the gerotor (H).
 Oil flow from the gerotor (H) flows back into the spool (G) where it is directed out the left work port
(L).
 Oil returned from cylinder returns to hydraulic tank (40).
 When the above operation is completed, the machine turns to the left.

5-4
 3) RIGHT TURN

MCV

RCV lever
(pilot control)
1 EF CF

4
L
LS A B
LS T
H

K P
D C
Priority valve
G R

MCV B+D : 2WS

A+D : 4WS
A+C : CRAB
P2 P1

LOADER MCV(Return line)

17
40 30
EXCAVATOR MCV(Return line)
32

16

Return line

H940S4WS5SE05

 When the steering wheel is turned to the right, the spool (G) within the steering unit (4) connected
with steering column turns in right hand direction.
 At this time, the oil discharged from the main pump (1) flows into the spool (G) of the steering unit
through the spool (K) of priority valve built in main pump (1) and flows the gerotor (H).
 Oil flow from the gerotor (H) flows back into the spool (G) where it is directed out the right work port (R).
 Oil returned from cylinder returns to hydraulic tank (40).
 When the above operation is completed, the machine turns to the right.

5-5
3. STEERING UNIT
1) STRUCTURE (WITHOUT EMERGENCY STEERING, STD)
L R

27-1
27-2
27-3
27-4
27-5
27-6
1 27-7
2 28-2
18 28-1
25-5 21
25-6
25-4
25-3
25-1
25-2 3 T LS P
11
14 Hydraulic circuit
26-3 4
26-2 14
5
15 22
26-4
26-1 6
23

24
16
8
24
10

19

10

13

10
7
20
17

12 H940C5SE06

1 Dust seal 17 End cap 26-1 Plug

2 Retaining seal 18 Gland bushing 26-2 Poppet
3 Cap seal 19 Plate 26-3 Spring seat
4 Thrust bearing 20 Cap screw 26-4 Spring
5 Ball 21 Housing 27 Shock valve
6 Pin 22 Spool 27-1 Plug
7 Spacer 23 Sleeve 27-2 Washer
8 Centering spring 24 Plate spring 27-3 Fixed plug
9 Washer 25 Relief valve 27-4 Spring
10 O-ring 25-1 Spool 27-5 Spring seat
11 O-ring 25-2 Bushing 27-6 Ball
12 Screw 25-3 Spring 27-7 Ball seat
13 Gerotor set 25-4 Spring seat 28 Suction valve
14 Bearing race 25-5 Plug 28-1 Rolled pin
15 Bore screw 25-6 O-ring 28-2 Ball
16 Drive 26 P port check valve
5-6
 STRUCTURE (WITH EMERGENCY STEERING, OPT)
L R

32

32

2 33
34
1
30 50
LS T P
Hydraulic circuit
2 5
7
11
3 10
37 4
2
36
12 35
2

13
15
16

51

17 18

18 18
52
53

18
18
54 17

55
20
54 23
56
18
19
24 H940S4WS5SE07

1 Dust seal ring 15 O-ring 34 Bushing pin

2 Housing/spool/sleeve 16 Plate 35 LS check valve
3 Ball 17 Gearwheel set 36 Ball
4 Thread bushing 18 O-ring 50 Mounting pin
5 O-ring 19 End cover 51 Cardan shaft
7 Bearing 20 Washer 52 Plate
8 Spool/sleeve 23 Screw 53 Plate
10 Ring 24 Name plate 54 Valve+housing
11 Cross pin 30 Relief valve 55 Spring
12 Spring sets 32 Shock valve 56 Guide pin
13 Cardan shaft 33 Ball 57 Check valve

5-7
2) OPERATION
The steering unit consists of a rotary valve and a rotary meter.
Via a steering column the steering unit is connected to the steering wheel of the machine.
When the steering wheel is turned, oil is directed from the steering system pump via the rotary
valve (spool and sleeve) and rotary meter (gear wheel set) to the cylinder ports L or R, depending
on the direction of turn. The rotary meter meters the oil flow to the steering cylinder in proportion to
the angular rotation of the steering wheel.
Spool is connected directly to the drive shaft of steering wheel. It is connected to sleeve by cross
pin (not in contact with the spool when the steering wheel is at neutral) and center spring.
Cardan shaft is meshed at the top with cross pin and forms one unit with sleeve.
At the same time, it is meshed with gear rim of the gerotor set by spline.
There are four ports in valve body. They are connected to the pump circuit, tank circuit, and the
head, and left and right steering cylinder. In addition, the pump port and tank port are connected
inside the body by the check valve. Therefore, if there is any failure in the pump of engine, oil can
be sucked in directly from the tank through the check valve.

5-8