PROYECT FOR ADVANCE I

FOOD OR FUEL?

Why do we need biofuels? Because fossil fuels are running out. Also, the burning
of fossil fuels is a major cause of global warming. So the world is turning what do
you think of when you hear the word corn? Food, probably. Fuel? Probably not.
And yet, corn, soya, and sugarcane could provide the basis for the "fuel of the
future."
Most of the fuel we use to generate energy comes from coal, oil, and gas. These
are known as "fossil fuels," because they derive from the remains of plants and
animals buried deep in the earth. However, unlike fossil fuels, biofuels come from
living plants. But how could basic foods like corn, soya, and sugarcane provide us
with an energy source? And why would we need them to?

Corn, soya, and sugarcane are made into biofuels by a process called
fermentation. It is too technical a process to explain here. Very simply,
fermentation "breaks down" the plants into bioethanol.
This alcohol-like substance is then refined like oil and used like any conventional
fuel as a source of energy.

Why do we need biofuels? Because fossil fuels are running out. Also, the burning
of fossil fuels is a major cause of global warming. So the world is turning to biofuels
because many environmentalists believe they are a clean, renewable source of
energy.
Another big advantage of biofuels is that they can be made out of almost any plant.
So why use corn, soya bean, and sugarcane? Because these are popular food
crops. This creates another advantage: farmers don't need to start planting new
crops and learning new methods of agriculture. This makes the process more cost-
effective.

So, here we have a clean, sustainable source of energy that looks as if it is going
to solve two problems at the same time: global warming and the end of fossil fuels.
This is perhaps why politicians are getting so enthusiastic about biofuels.

There are, however, disadvantages. Take agriculture and land use, for example.
The amount of corn needed to fill the petrol tank of a SUV with ethanol is enough
to feed one person in Africa for a whole year. If the tank is refilled every two weeks,
the amount of grain needed could feed a hungry African village for a year. So using
large areas of land to grow biofuels crops could have disastrous consequences for
Africa's poor.

And not only in Africa; The European Union wants 5.75 percent of its transportation
fuel to be generated from biofuels by 2010. That modest target would use up a
quarter of the EU's arable land! So driving our cars would seem to be more
important than feeding ourselves!

As for global warming, there is another disadvantage. Environmentalists believe

that cutting down the world's rainforests to clear land for biofuel crops doesn't
make sense. Why? Because trees "eat up" huge quantities of carbon dioxide in the
air. As you probably know, CO2 is one of the gases that cause global warming. If
we cut down the trees, the levels of carbon dioxide will rise. Also, clearing forests
destroys the habitats of many species of animals, birds, and insects. In Southeast
Asia, for example, oil palm plantations are destroying orangutans and other forest-
dwelling species.

And if these disadvantages aren't enough to make us think more carefully about

using biofuels for our energy needs, think of this: the energy needed to make
biofuels - to plant, cultivate, harvest, and refine - actually produces more
greenhouse gases than the manufacture of fossil fuels.

So, before we get too enthusiastic about biofuels, perhaps we should look more
closely at their disadvantages.

INSTRUCTIONS:
 Please read the article carefully until you understand it before starting to
solve the questions.

 When you finish Reading the article, please do your Project, by answering
the questionnaire.

 Submit your Project Sending it written in English. Please put your name
and number of course, in order to identify and to know who it belongs´.

 Do a brief written comment on this article, sharing your views and thought
about the project.

 This Project will be qualified over a maximum score of 100 points, and it will
value 20% of the final note of the course.

DEVELOP THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS TO BE SENT AS YOUR PROJECT

1. Why do we need biofuels?

2. What are the disadvantages of biofuels?
3. Why are biofuels bad news for animals and plants?
4. What is it about biofuels that causes global warming?
5. Why Environmentalists believe that cutting down the world's rainforests to
clear land for biofuels crops doesn't make sense?
6. Name two advantages in using or making biofuels.
7. Name three food products that are used to make biofuels.
 8. Name five other plants used to produce biofuels.
9. What is taking place whit fossil fuels?
10. Explain why producing biofuels, affect global warming?
11. Has Colombia started producing Biofuels? Name two products, and from
what plants these products are made from.
12. What effect and contribution biofuels offer to our economy, and to the
dependence on fossil fuels?

PART II

Based on what you have learned in this course, please do the second
part of this project.
1. – Word building. (Follow the example to make new words adding the
endings in the table below. (Here pupils will be able to discover new
words. Please open your dictionary to learn the meaning of the new
word you have just done)

Word -ed -ing -er /- or -s

Adapt adapted Adapting Adaptor adapts

Adapter

Adjust

Adopt

Admit

Anger

Arrest

Avoid

Bang

Bank

Benefit

Blend

Boil
 Calm

Damp

Defend

Extend

hawk

2. – Numbers, write the cardinals and Ordinals of the following numbers; look
at the example

# Cardinal Ordinal # Cardinal Ordinal

3 Three third 7

9 11

13 15

17 19

21 23

25 27

30 33

40 41

50 51

60 67

70 71

80 83

90 91

100 1000

3. - Rewrite the following sentences putting the verbs that are in brackets into the
future perfect tense.

1- By half past seven we (have) supper.

2- The baker’s shop (close) by supper.
 3- By the ends of the year I (read) three of Shakespeare’s plays.
4- Before his next visit (be) to Jamaica.
5- I (finish) this work before you go away.
6- By this time next week you (take) your examination.
7- When you get back from Cali, I expect you (see) the football match.
8- The game (start) before we reach the field.
9- I hope it (stop) raining before we have to go.
10-When we see you again we (buy) the new car.
11- He (finish) the building of the house before summer.
12-The birds (fly) away before winter come.

4. - Choose the correct word from the brackets to complete these sentences.
Please write the complete sentence.

One of your boys (is, are) telling lies

None of our dogs (were, was) awarded a prize.

She asked me if you (was, were) my friend.

The number of accidents in Bogotá (are, is) increasing.

He did not (accept, except) the gift

Bob had (eaten, ate) all the cakes.

I shared the toys (among, between) the two boys.

A strong ……….. carried the boat out to sea. (Currant, current).

The boat sails were made of strong …………… (canvas, canvass)

A man who writes stories is an (artist, author, sculptor)

A person who makes a speech is an (orator, artist, commentator)

Fred is younger than (I, me).

5. –a. - The opposite of in is out. Write these sentences, using the opposite of the
word to fill the space.

1. Mark sailed to the Artic, Scott to the ____

2. The rocket moved off horizontally instead of _____

3. Birds fly in the air; reptiles move on the _______

4. Fish live in the sea; birds in the ______

 b._ Change the pronouns in these sentences from singular to plural.

Example: I asked him for some mangoes. We asked them for some
mangoes.

1. He gave me food and drink.

2. I shall ask my mother to go to the show.

3. This book is mine not his

4. He will do the work himself.

6. – Word building: In this section Pupils will make new words, following the
instructions below.

 Instead of f in fetch write: sk, str, wr. See what new words you have.

 Instead of p in peach write: b, r, t, pr.

 Instead of th in health write: l, p, r, t, ve, ter.

 Instead of sh in should write: c, w.

 Instead of w in weather write: f, h, l:

b.- Write sentences containing the new words you have just done above.

7. – Comprehension. (in this section the pupil will associate the sentences below with a
word or words from the highlighted part.)

Aunt father grandfather cousin nephew

Uncle mother grandmother babies niece

Brother husband parents sister wife children

Complete each sentence with the right word from the patch above.

1. - Peter’s mother and father are his ______

2- The wife of Mary’s father is Mary’s ______.

3- The husband of Mary’s mother is Mary’s ______

4- Children under two years are usually called _____.

5. - The father of my father is my _______

6. - The mother of my father is my ______

 7. - My mother’s brother is my _______

8. - My mother’s sister is my _________

9. - The son of my aunt is my ________

10. - Margaret is her uncle’s ______ and Roger is her uncle’s _____

11. - John’s father is the ____John’s mother.

12. - John’s mother is the ________ of John’s father.

13. - Robert is Susan’s _______ and Susan is Robert’s _____ because they both
have the same parents.

14. - The plural of child is _____

8. – One way of making the opposite of a word is to put the prefix (un-) in front of the word.
This means not. For example untrue means not true, and is the opposite of true. Similarly
unhealthy is the opposite of healthy and unsafe is the opposite of safe.

By using the prefix (un-) make the opposites of these words:

True ………… wise ------------ kind …………

Clean ………… dressed ………… closed …………

Covered ………… tied ………… even ……….

Level ………… alike ………… known ……….
Healthy ………… pleasant ………… happy ………

Common ………… sound ……….. seen ………

Afraid ……….. eaten ………. Clever ………

9. - When you add a suffix to a word ending in a single e, you must drop the e if the suffix
begins with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u). Example use…… using

But if the suffix begins with a consonant (any other letter), you must keep the e.

Notice that if the suffix is y, it counts as a vowel.

Make new words by adding (-ing) to these verbs: (notice that you will have
gerunds)

Taste ………… waste ---------- live ………….

Stare ……….. Glance ……….. Drive ------------

Make Adverbs by adding (-ly) to these adjectives:

Safe ………. Nice ………. False ………..

Square ………. Wise ………. Purpose ……….

Make nouns by adding the suffix (-er) to these verbs: (remember the comment done
above)

Love ………. Move ……….. Waste ………

Make ………. Bake ……….. Tease ………

Drive ………. Print ……….. Paint ………

Jump ………. Collect ………. Load ………

Walk ………. Run ………. Sing ……..

Work ………. Burn ……… Dump ……..

Plumb ………. Clean ……… help ………

Cut ………. Teach ……… dream ………

Blend ………. Turn ……… read ………

Make adjectives by adding –y to these nouns:

Taste …….. Haste ……… breeze ……….

Chance ……… craze ……… bone ………

Wise ……… dirt ……… dust ………

Make adjectives by adding –ful to these nouns:

Peace --------- care ........... Use ………

Grace ……… waste ………… spite ………

Make new words by adding –ous, -less, or –able to these words:

Hope ……… fame ………… nerve ……….

Move ……… care ………… love ………..

Kind ………. Sound ………… help ……….

 Adore ……… danger …………. Comfort ………

Excuse …….. Love ………… eat ………

Glamour ……… home ………… courage ……..

10. - Make new compound word from the following:

Horse paper waist head honey way

Rail moon fore coat back news

B. - Before each sentence there is a verb. Write the correct form of the verb in the
space in the sentence.

1. Lose He has ______ all his possessions.

2. Swim He _____ ____ in the river tomorrow.

3. Cling Yesterday, you ____ to the rope’s end.

4. Catch You _____ that cold after bathing on Tuesday.

5. freeze The water in the ice box _____ ____ quite soon-

6. Dive He _____ to the man’s rescue, and saved him

NOTE:
This Project will be qualified over a maximum score of 100 points.

Part I …………………50 points

Part II 50 points

Total score 100 points

Good luck for everyone.

Cordially

HIDALGO MAY GARCIA

Tutor