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HEIGHT = 5.0m
(FOR BRIDGES AND STRUCTURES)
INDEX
3 Stability of Foundation
4 Design of Foundation
6 Design of Wall
Design Input:
Design Length of Wall = 1.000 m
Skew Angle of Bridge = 0.000 Degree SIN θ = 0.000
= 0.000 Radians COS θ = 1.000
2.200m
4.700 m 4.500 m
Stem
H
GL RL. 97.000m
2.000 m
0.500m 0.500m
0.300m Heel Toe Foundation Level
0.30m RL 95.000m
2.200m 0.500m 1.100m
Levels
Top of wall = 100.000m (Assumed)
Wall shaft top level = 100.000m
HFL (Considering Submergence upto GL) = 100.000m
Ground level/LBL = 97.000m
Foundation level = 95.000m
Shaft bottom level = 95.500m
Coeff. Of Friction m = 0.5
Top of wall - FND LVL. H = 5.000m
Bearing Capacity
2
SBC of soil-Normal Case = 180 kN/m
Factor of Safety
Permissible FOS against Sliding = 1 (Normal Case)
Permissible FOS against Overturning = 1 (Normal Case)
Dimension of Wall
Thickness of Wall shaft at Top = 0.500m 0.500m
Thickness of Wall shaft at Bottom = 0.500m 0.500m
Dimension of Foundation
Total Width of Footing = 3.800m
Width of Toe Slab = 1.100m
Width of Heel Slab = 2.200m
Thickness of Toe slab at tip = 0.300m
Thickness of Toe slab near shaft = 0.500m
Thickness of heel slab at tip = 0.300m
Thickness of heel slab near shaft = 0.500m
Material Specification
Concrete Grade = M 30
Characteristic Compressive Strength of Concrete,fck = 30.00 Mpa at 28 days
Design Compressive strength of Concrete, fcd = 13.40 Mpa at 28 days (0.67/1.5 * fck)
Tensile strength of concrete , fctm = 2.50 MPa
Strain at reaching Characteistic Strength, ec2 = 0.02
Ultimate Strain, ecu2 = 0.035
2
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete ( Ec ) = 27386.13 N/mm ( 5000 x sqrt ( fck )
Ecm = 31186.574 N/mm2
VOLUME CALCULATION
C.G. Of Footing = 1.900 m
C.G. Of shaft from toe tip = 1.350 m
C.G. Of Footing from C.G. of Shaft = 0.550 m
Ecc.(eL) Ecc.(eL1)
Ecc.(eL2) @
Description No. LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT VOLUME @ abut. @ c.g.of
Toe
Shaft footing
m m m m^3 m m m
Shaft above HFL 1 1.00 0.500 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.550 -1.350
Shaft below HFL 1 1.00 0.500 4.500 2.250 0.000 0.550 -1.350
Footing
Heel Slab 1 1.00 2.200 0.400 0.880 -0.708 -2.608
Toe Slab 1 1.00 1.100 0.400 0.440 1.304 -0.596
Portion between Heel and Toe 1 1.00 0.500 0.500 0.250 0.550 -1.350
Back filling above HFL over Heel Slab 1 1.00 2.200 0.000 0.000 -0.800 -2.700
Back filling below HFL over Heel Slab 1 1.00 2.200 4.600 10.120 -0.808 -2.708
Front Filling over Toe Slab 1 1.00 1.100 1.600 1.760 1.361 -0.539
Back fill above HFL on flared portion of stem 1 1.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Back fill below HFL on flared portion of stem 0.5 1.00 0.000 4.500 0.000 0.000 0.000
L eL eL1 eL2
RCC Railing/Crash Barrier 1 8.00 kN/m 1.000 8.00kN 0.250 0.800 -1.100
Basic Combination
Loads
Overturning or Sliding Restoring or Resisting
Table B.2 Partial Safety Factor For Verification of Structural Strength: Ultimate Limit State
Table B.3 Partial Safety Factor For Verification of Servicibilty Limit State
Quasi-Permanent
Loads Rare Combination Frequent Combination
Combination
4.500
F2
26.758 7.136
95.500 shaft bottom level
(Centre of pressure considered at an elevation of 0.42m of the height of the shaft as per cl. 217.1 of IRC:6-2017)
M2 = 56.58 x 1.89 = 106.927 kN.m at Shaft Bottom
(Centre of pressure considered at an elevation of 0.42m of the height of the shaft as per cl. 217.1 of IRC:6-2017)
F4 = 56.575 kN
g fluid
3
As per Cl. 214.1 of IRC :6 -2017 = 4.8 kN/m
kN-m kN-m kN kN
Due to active Earth Pressure 106.927 135.215 56.575 56.575
P 362.938 KN
ML 103.078 kNm
MT 0.000 kNm
A 3.800 m2
ZL 2.407 m3
ZT 0.633 m3
P/A+ML/ZL+MT/ZT (Max) 138.340 kN/m2 SAFE
P/A-ML/ZL-MT/ZT (Min) 52.680 kN/m2 SAFE
load factor
Moment due to active earth pressure = 1.5 x 135.215 = 202.822 kNm
Moment due to Live load surcharge = 1.2 x 83.815 = 100.578 kNm
303.400
A = 3.800 m2
ZL = 2.407 m3
ZT = 0.633 m3
load factor
Moment due to active earth pressure = 1.5 x 135.215 = 202.822 kNm
Moment due to Live load surcharge = 1.2 x 83.815 = 100.578 kNm
303.400
P 489.967 KN
ML 146.865 kNm
MT 0.000 kNm
A 3.800 m2
ZL 2.407 m3
ZT 0.633 m3
P/A+ML/ZL+MT/ZT (Max) 189.963 kN/m2
P/A-ML/ZL-MT/ZT (Min) 67.914 kN/m2
Heel Toe
2
Normal Dry Case 67.914 138.57 154.633 189.963 kN/m
Net Moment at face of shaft = 249.851 -300.564 -29.948 = -80.661 kNm/m Tension at Top of Heel Slab
Net Moment at face of shaft = 104.240 -7.487 = 96.753 kNm/m Tension at Bottom of Toe Slab
Check for Shear Reinforcement OK, No shear reinf. Req. OK, No shear reinf. Req.
2
A = 3.800 m
3
ZL = 2.407 m
ZT = 0.633 m3
load factor
Moment due to active earth pressure = 1.0 x 135.215 = 135.215 kNm
Moment due to Live load surcharge = 0.8 x 83.815 = 67.052 kNm
202.267
P 341.100 KN
ML 127.808 kNm
MT 0.000 kNm
A 3.800 m2
ZL 2.407 m3
ZT 0.633 m3
P/A+ML/ZL+MT/ZT (Max) 142.869 kN/m2
P/A-ML/ZL-MT/ZT (Min) 36.658 kN/m2
Heel Toe
2
Normal Dry Case 36.658 98.15 112.123 142.869 kN/m
Above Formula For Calculation of Sr max is applicable if the spacing between the reinf. is less or equal to 5*(c+φ/2)
5*(c+φ/2) = 405.000 405.000 mm
Provided Spacing = 125.000 125.000 mm
Check for Applicability of Formula = OK OK
0.425 k1 k2 φ
Maximum crack spacing , Sr max = 3.4 c +
r r eff
K1 = 0.800 0.800 for deformed bars
K2 = 0.500 0.500 for bending
depth of neutral axis , yc = 91.447 91.447 mm
r r eff = As/Ac eff = , where Ac,eff =effective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinf.
hc eff = Min of 2.5 (Dy - dy ) ,Dy - yc/3 ,
Dy/2 = 202.500 202.500 mm
Ac, eff = Dx * hc,eff = 202500.000 202500.000 mm
r r eff = As/Ac eff = 0.004 0.004
Maximum crack spacing , Sr max = 711.576 711.576 mm
σsc - kt fct eff (1 + αe r r eff )
(εsm - εcm) = r r eff / Es
tensile stress in steel, ,σsc = 174.961 -353.024 N/mm2
Kt = 0.500 0.500
Tensile strength of concrete = fct eff = fctm = 2.501 2.501 N/mm2
αe = Es/Ecm = 6.413 6.413
(εsm - εcm) = -0.001 -0.0032
Crack width , Wk=Sr max (εsm - εcm) = 0.000 0.000
Check = SAFE SAFE
Summary of Forces:
P 86.738 KN
ML 244.559 kNm
FL 121.071 KN
Since Axial Force is less than axial capacity of section , Section will design as
bending element . Neglecting axial force
b = 1000.00 mm
(dreq) = 222.2743 mm
2
Ast required = max( Astmin, Astreq) = 1697.30 mm /m
= 0.0035 x 419.00
0.0035 + 0.0022
= 258.46 mm
Depth of Neutral Axis , X = fyd . Ast
0.36 . fck . b
= 434.78 x 1745.33
0.36 x 30.00 x 1000.00
= 70.26 mm OK
z = d - 0.416 . X
= 419.00 - 29.23
= 389.77 mm
MR = fyd . Ast . z
= 2.96E+08 Nmm /m
Moment of Resistance of Wall is More than Design Bending Moment , HENCE Wall IS SAFE IN
BENDING
2
Provide 12 mm dia @ 180.00 mm c/c = 628.32 mm /m OK
2
mm bar @ 10 dia @ 200 c/c = 392.699 mm OK
VCCD = 0.000 T
VRdc = Max ( 0.12 k (80 r1 fck )0.33 + 0.15 scp ) bw d ( IRC 112 / clause 10.3.2 (2) )
(nmin +0.15scp ) bw d
2
Ecm = 31186.57 N/mm
Es = 200000.00 N/mm2
Eceff = Ecm = 1.42E+04
(1 + ø )
Rare combination
Quassi permanent combination
Bending Moment, M = 163.24 108.93 kNm
Dx = 1.00 1.00 m
Dy = 0.50 0.50 m
Section Modulus (ZL) of uncracked section = 0.04 0.04 m3
Bending Stress ( M/ZL) = 3.918 2.614 N/mm2
Tensile stress of concrete , fctm = 2.501 2.501 N/mm2
Cracked or Uncracked Section = Cracked Cracked
Section properties of Cracked section:
Note: Stresses under Service load are usually within Linear Elastic Range hence such analysis involved use of Modulus ratio.
Above Formula For Calculation of Sr max is applicable if the spacing between the reinf. is less or equal to 5*(c+φ/2)
5*(c+φ/2) = 405.000 mm
Provided Spacing = 90.000 mm
Check for Applicability of Formula = OK
0.425 k1 k2 φ
Maximum crack spacing , Sr max = 3.4 c +
r r eff
K1 = 0.800 for deformed bars
K2 = 0.500 for bending
depth of neutral axis , yc = 112.474 mm
, where Ac,eff =effective area of concrete in tension
r r eff = As/Ac eff =
surrounding the reinf.
hc eff = Min of 2.5 (Dy - dy ) ,Dy - yc/3 ,
Dy/2 = 202.500 mm
Ac, eff = Dx * hc,eff = 202500.000 mm
r r eff = As/Ac eff = 0.009
Maximum crack spacing , Sr max = 491.689 mm
σsc - kt fct eff (1 + αe r r eff )
/ Es
(εsm - εcm) = r r eff
tensile stress in steel, ,σsc = 118.806 N/mm2
Kt = 0.500
Tensile strength of concrete = fct eff = fctm = 2.501 N/mm2
αe = Es/Ecm = 6.413
(εsm - εcm) = -0.00017
Crack width , Wk=Sr max (εsm - εcm) = 0.000
Check = SAFE
MAX 27.72
b = 1000.00 mm
(dreq) = 74.8356 mm
2
Ast required = max( Astmin, Astreq) = 600.00 mm /m
= 0.0035 x 419.00
0.0035 + 0.0022
= 258.46 mm
Depth of Neutral Axis , X = fyd . Ast
0.36 . fck . b
= 434.78 x 628.32
0.36 x 30.00 x 1000.00
= 25.29 mm OK
z = d - 0.416 . X
= 419.00 - 10.52
= 408.48 mm
MR = fyd . Ast . z
= 1.12E+08 Nmm /m
Moment of Resistance of Wall is More than Design Bending Moment , HENCE Wall IS SAFE IN
BENDING
2
Provide 12 mm dia @ 180.00 mm c/c = 628.32 mm /m OK
2
mm bar @ 10 dia @ 200 c/c = 392.699 mm OK
Reinforcement summary
Crack
Type of Area of steel Percentage
Area of steel provided Dreq (mm) R Width
reinforcement required of steel
(mm)
Vertical steel at
600 12 mm bar @ 180 mm c/c (i.e.) 628 mm2 (O.K) 500 0.300
non-earth face
2
Distribution steel 287 10 mm bar @ 200 mm c/c (i.e.) 393 mm (O.K) OK OK
Heel Slab
Main steel at top 12 mm bar @ 250 mm c/c (i.e.)
545 905 mm2 (O.K) 0.181 214 0.46 0.000
face
12 mm bar @ 250 mm c/c (i.e.)
Steel at bottom
250 12 mm bar @ 250 mm c/c (i.e.) 452 mm2 (O.K) 500 0.300
face
Distribution 2
181 10 mm bar @ 200 mm c/c (i.e.) 393 mm (O.K) OK OK
reinforcement
Shear No Requirement
0 mm 0 Legged bar @ 200 mm c/c (i.e.)
Reinforcement of Shear Reinf.
Toe Slab
Main steel at 12 mm bar @ 250 mm c/c (i.e.)
647 905 mm2 (O.K) 0.213 226 0.55 0.000
bottom face
12 mm bar @ 250 mm c/c (i.e.)
Steel at top face 250 12 mm bar @ 250 mm c/c (i.e.) 452 mm2 (O.K) 500 0.300
Distribution
181 10 mm bar @ 200 mm c/c (i.e.) 393 mm2 (O.K) OK OK
reinforcement
Shear No Requirement
0 mm 0 Legged bar @ 200 mm c/c (i.e.)
Reinforcement of Shear Reinf.