ANALYSIS OF ABUTMENT WELL (UNFACTORED LOAD)

1. Basic design data:-

a) Superstructure:-
H.F.L = 100.267 m
Lowest Bed Level, LBL 99.500 m
Formation level = 105.000 m
Length of bridge = 333.958 m
Span ( c/c of expansion joint) = 37.102 m
Distance between C/l of bearing to C/l of expansion joint = 1.051 m
Effective span (C/C of bearing) = 35.000 m
Clear carraige way width = 7.500 m
Depth of girder with deck at CL of carraigeway = 2.950 m
Thickness of Wearing Coat = 0.075 m

b) Abutment :-
Top of abutment Cap = 101.685 m
Bottom of Abutment cap = 99.614 m
Bottom of well cap = 97.500 m
Top of well Cap = 99.000 m
Top of well = 97.500 m
Level of bearings = 101.975 m.
Max. scour level = 88.052 m non seismic case
Max. scour level = 89.274 m seismic case
Well founding level= 65.200 m
Thickness of well cap = 1.800 m
Maximum ht of bearing + pedestal = 0.290 m
Thickness of Dirt wall = 0.400 m
Height of Dirt wall = 2.680 m
Length of approach slab = 3.500 m
Thickness of approach slab = 0.300 m
Width of Return wall at junction= 0.550 m
Width of Return wall at end= 0.450 m
Length of return wall = 3.500 m
Height of return wall = 5.550 m
Thickness of abutment wall = 1.200 m
Height of abutment wall = 0.614 m
Thickness of abutment cap for rectangular section = 2.071 m
Width of abutment cap at top (including dirt wall part) = 12.000 m
Width of abutment cap at bottom = 12.000 m
Total length of abutment = 12.00 m
Length of abutment Cap = 12.00 m
Dia of well = 8.0 m
Length of Well cap= 12.000 m
Thickness of well steining= 1.70 m
Distance between c/l of well cap & abutment= 0.00 m
Impact for Live Load= 1.055

c) Soil property:-
3
Dry unit weight of backfill soil= 20.00 KN/m
3
Submerged weight of soil= 10.00 KN/m
Angle of Shearing resistance of backfill soil = 30o
Ka = Coefficient of active earth pressure = 0.279

Property of Backfill material behind Abutment

f= 30.00 o
d= 20.00 o
a= 0.00 o

i= 0.00 o
g= 18.00 KN/Cum

For Abutment
Calculation of Active Earth Pressure Coefficient (Static)

cos2(f-a) = 0.75 cos2a = 1.00 cos(d+a) = 0.94 cos(a-i) = 1.00

sin(f+d) = 0.77 sin(f-i) = 0.50

Ka = 0.279
Seismic Zone ===> V
Zone Factor = 0.36 Importance Factor = 1.0 R.F = 2.50 Sa/g = 2.50
Ah = 0.180 Av = 0.090

Calculation of Active Earth Pressure Coefficient (Dynamic)

For +Av : For -Av :
1+Av = 1.090 1-Av = 0.910

l = tan-1{Ah/(1+Av)} = 9.3771 o
l = tan-1{Ah/(1-Av)} = 11.1888 o

cos2(f-a-l) = 0.8759 cos2(f-a-l) = 0.8960

cos(d+a+l) = 0.8714 cos(d+a+l) = 0.8555

cos(a-i) = 1.0000 cos(a-i) = 1.0000

cosl = 0.9866 cosl = 0.9810

cos2a = 1.0000 cos2a = 1.0000

sin(f+d) = 0.7660 sin(f+d) = 0.7660

sin(f-i-l) = 0.3522 sin(f-i-l) = 0.3225

Ca = 0.458 Ca = 0.411
2 Design of Abutment well:-
Height of the abutment = Height of abutment wall + Dirt wall = 5.925 m
Length of abutment wall without return wall = 10.90 m
Length of abutment Cap = 12.00 m
Height from top of deck to MSL = 16.873 m
Deck top= 104.925

3.240

Abutment Cap= 101.685

2.685
0.614

3.400
Top of Well Cap= 99.000

Bottom of Well Cap= 97.200

MSL= 88.052

Df= 22.852

2.10

Founding Level= 65.200

 12.0

Well Cap
3.400

Calculation of active earth pressure :-

Surcharge height = 1.20 m
Coefficient of active earth pressure = 0.279
Surcharge pressure = 1.2x18 x 0.297 = 6.696 KN/m2
Earth pressure at base due to backfill = 33.06 KN/m2 (At abutment bottom)
Earth pressure at base due to backfill = 43.11 KN/m2 (At bottom of well cap)
Earth pressure at base due to backfill = 94.15 KN/m2 (At max scour level)

Calculation of moment due to earth pressure :-

Horizontal force due to surcharge pressure, P1 = 432.44 KN
Acting at a ht of= 2.963 m from base of abutment
Horizontal force due to backfill soil, P2 = 1067.55 KN
Acting at a ht of= 2.489 m from base of abutment
Total moment at the base of abutment due to surcharge = 1281.32 KN-m
Total moment at the base of abutment due to backfill soil = 2657.13 KN-m

P1

P2

33.06 6.696 Top of Well Cap

P3
43.11 Bottom of Well Cap

P4
94.15 MSL

Horizontal force due to backfill soil, P3 = 822.64 KN

Acting at a ht of= 0.900 m from bottom of well cap
Horizontal force due to backfill soil, P4 = 4520.36 KN
Acting at a ht of= 4.574 m from MSL
Total moment at MSL due to surchrage = 6015.67 KN-m
Total moment at MSL due to backfill soil = 43286.68 KN-m
Dynamic increment
Horizontal force due to backfill soil = 684.95 KN
Acting at a ht of= 2.963 m from base of abutment
Horizontal force due to backfill soil = 527.76 KN
Acting at a ht of= 0.900 m from bottom of well cap
Horizontal force due to backfill soil = 2900.09 KN
Acting at a ht of= 4.574 m from MSL
Total moment at the base of abutment due to backfill soil = 2029.51 KN-m
Total moment at MSL due to backfill soil = 28096.28 KN-m

Calculation of self weight of abutment:-

Weight of well cap= 3783.00 KN
Acting at = 0.000 m from cl of well
Weight of earth above well cap= 4391.61 KN
Acting at = -2.300 m from cl of well
Weight of well steining upto MSL= 7694.94 KN
Weight of sand filling upto MSL= 3040.62 KN
Weight of well steining below MSL(15% buoyancy)= 18068.89 KN
Weight of well steining below MSL(full buoyancy)= 11533.33 KN
Weight of sand filling below MSL(15% buoyancy)= 6380.24 KN
Weight of sand filling below MSL(full buoyancy)= 3448.78 KN
Weight of bottom plugging(15% buoyancy)= 785.25 KN
Weight of bottom plugging(full buoyancy)= 488.60 KN
Calculation of Seismic Forces:
Zone - IV
Z= 0.24 Sa / g = 2.5 I= 1.0 R= 2.5
Seismic coefficient A_h =(Z/2) x (Sa/g)/(R/I) = 0.120

A. Seismic co-efficient:
C.G. of Deck from beam bottom = 1.5225 m, Acting at RL = 103.498 m
Seismic coeff = 0.120
B. Seismic on dirt wall, Abutment Cap, Abutment wall etc:
Horizontal seismic force on dirt wall = 89.46 KN
Acting at RL = 103.305 m
Horizontal seismic force on abutment wall = 139.32 KN
Acting at RL = 99.307 m
Horizontal seismic force on return wall = 58.35 KN
Acting at RL = 101.800 m
Horizontal seismic force on Abutment cap= 89.460 KN
Acting at RL = 100.650 m
Horizontal seismic force on well cap= 504.225 KN
Acting at RL = 98.100 m

Acting at RL = 101.963 m
Horizontal seismic force on well steining= 923.393 KN
Acting at RL = 92.626 m
Horizontal seismic force on sand filling= 364.874 KN
Acting at RL = 92.626 m

C. Seismic on carriageway live load

Case-1 1 - span class-A -with 1 lane W= 76.19 KN
Transverse seismic = 9.14 KN
Acting at RL = 106.200 mRL

Case-2. 1 - span class-A -with 2 lanes W= 152.38 KN

Transverse seismic force = 18.29 KN
Acting at RL - 106.200 mRL

Case-3. 1 - span 70R Wheel -with 1 lanes W= 158.14 KN

Transverse seismic force = 18.98 KN
Acting at RL - 106.200 mRL
 Load combination at Max scour level (For well) (Increasing 25% as per cl. 219.8, IRC 6-2010) :-
SL
NO
LOAD DESCRIPTION V ML MT HL LA ML HT LA MT SV SML SMT
1 Dead load 4345.36 4345.36 0.00
2a Self weight of dirt wall 393.60 -500.27 393.60 -500.27
2b Self weight of abutment cap 497.04 -216.46 497.04 -216.46
2c Self weight of abutment wall 774.00 774.00 0.00
2d Self weight of return wall 324.19 -761.8 324.19 -761.80
2e Self weight of well cap 3783.00 0.00 3783.00 0.00
2f Weight of earth above well cap 4391.61 -10100.70 4391.61 -10100.70
2g Wt of steining wall (above MSL) 7694.9 7694.90
2h Wt of sand filling (above MSL) 3040.6 3040.60
3a CWLL- Class A one lane 437.92 116.19 933.33 437.92 116.19 933.33
3b CWLL- Class A two lane 875.84 0.00 2145.81 875.84 0.00 2145.81
3c CWLL- Class 70R wheeled one lane929.10 0.00 1073.11 929.10 0.00 1073.11
4b Breaking force-Class A 2 lane 5.72 0.00 14.128 0.00 5.72 0.00
4c Longitudinal Class A 8.01 0.00 14.128 0.00 0.00
4d Longitudinal Class 70R wheeled 11.44 0.00 14.128 0.00 0.00
5 Seismic forces
a) For push-pull 0.00
b) on superstructure 17.45 488.85 15.446 7550.78 488.85 15.446 7550.78 17.45 7550.78 7550.78
c) on abutment 117.65 174.15 11.255 1960.06 174.15 11.255 1960.06 117.65 1960.06 1960.06
d) on abutment cap 75.54 111.83 12.598 1408.83 111.83 12.598 1408.83 75.54 1408.83 1408.83
e) on dirt wall 59.82 111.83 15.253 1705.74 111.83 15.253 1705.74 59.82 1705.74 1705.74
f) on return wall 49.28 72.94 13.748 1002.78 72.94 13.748 1002.78 49.28 1002.78 1002.78
g) on well cap 315.14 630.28 10.048 6333.05 630.28 10.048 6333.05 315.14 6333.05 6333.05
h) on earth above well cap 0.00 0.00 13.911 0.00 0.00 13.911 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
i) on well steining 0.00 923.39 4.574 4223.59 923.39 4.574 4223.59 0.00 4223.59 4223.59
j) on sand filling 0.00 364.87 4.574 1668.92 364.87 4.574 1668.92 0.00 1668.92 1668.92
k)CWLL- ClassA 1 lane 14.78 22.18 18.15 402.57 14.78 402.57
l) CWLL- Class A 2 lane 11.58 17.38 18.15 315.45 11.58 315.45
m) CWLL- Class 70R 1 lane 15.68 23.52 18.15 426.89 15.68 426.89
6 Earth Pressure (static condition) 6410.55 6.752 43286.68 43286.68
Earth Pressure (dynamic condition) 10523.4 6.783 71382.96 71382.96
7 Surcharge pressure(static condition) 432.44 13.911 6015.67 6015.67
LOAD COMBINATION OF ABUTMENT WELL AT MSL WITHOUT TILT AND SHIFT

Type V H_L M_L H_T M_T

DL_Non-
25244 0 -11579 0 0
siesmic
LL_Non-
935 0 0 0 1073
siesmic
Load: LL_Siesmic 186 0 0 0 215
Sl_XX 635 2878 25854 0 0
Sl_YY 651 0 0 2902 26281
EP_sies_X
0 10523 71383 0 0
X
EP_Non-
0 6843 49302 0 0
siesmic

Founding level = 65.200 m

Height of well, H= 32.000 m
Df = 22.852 m
Permissible tilt = (1 in 80) = 0.400 m
Total weight of well at base, W= 41650.000 KN(Non-siesmic)
Total weight of well at base, W= 41552.000 KN(Siesmic)
Moment due to shift taking 1% of total depth sunk subjected to maximum of 150mm
1% of Height of well = 0.150 m
Total moment= 22908 KN-m

LOAD COMBINATION OF ABUTMENT WELL AT FOUNDING LEVEL WITH TILT AND SHIFT(FULL BUOYANCY)

Type V H_L M_L H_T M_T

DL_Non-siesmic 40715 0 11329 0 0
DL_Siesmic 40715 0 11275 0 0
LL_Non-siesmic 935 0 0 0 1073
Load: LL_Siesmic 186 0 0 0 215
Sl_XX 635 2878 91622 0 0
Sl_YY 651 0 0 2902 92598
EP_Siesmic 0 10523 311855 0 0
EP_Non-siesmic 0 6843 205678 0 0

Type V H_L M_L H_T M_T

DL 40715 0 11329 0 0 (Non-siesmic)
Load: LL 935 0 0 0 1073
EP_Non-siesmic 0 6843 205678 0 0

Type V H_L M_L H_T M_T

DL 40715 0 11275 0 0
Load: LL 186 0 0 0 215 (Siesmic)
Sl_XX 635 2878 91622 0 0
Sl_YY 651 0 0 2902 92598
EP_Siesmic 0 10523 311855 0 0