EECS 203: Discrete Mathematics

Fall 2019
Discussion 9 Notes
1 Definitions
• Expected Value:

• Linearity of Expectations:

• Geometric Distribution:

• Variance:

• Chebyshev’s Inequality:

• Markov’s Inequality:

• Binary Relation:

• Relation on a Set:

• Reflexive, Symmetric, Antisymmetric, and Transitive Relations:

1. Exercise 7.4.6
What is the expected value of the winnings when a $1 lottery ticket is bought in which the
purchaser wins exactly $10 million if the ticket contains the six winning numbers chosen
from the set {1, 2, 3, ..., 50} and the purchaser wins nothing otherwise?

2. Not in Book 1
How many times would you expect to roll a fair die before all 6 sides appeared at least once?

3. Not in Book 2
How many times do you expect to roll a die on average until you roll a 1 followed by
a 2, then a 3, 4, 5, and 6? The rolls do not have to be consecutive. For example,
2,3,5,1,2,2,5,6,3,6,4,5,1,3,5,6 would be an example of such a sequence of rolls.

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4. Exercise 7.4.19
Let X be the number appearing on the first die when two fair dice are rolled and let Y be
the sum of the numbers appearing on the two dice. Show that E(X)E(Y ) 6= E(XY ).

5. 7.4 Not in book - Variance

To be put onto the market, a drug must pass a certain test. A research lab currently has 2
drugs they want to put onto the market. The probability that both of them pass the test is
0.34, the probability that exactly one of them pass the test is 0.50, and the probability that
neither of them pass is 0.16. Let X represent the number of drugs that can be put onto the
market. Find the expected value and variance of X.

6. 9.1.34
Given the following relations:
R1 = {(a, b) ∈ R2 | a > b}, the
R2 = {(a, b) ∈ R2 | a ≥ b}, the
R3 = {(a, b) ∈ R2 | a < b}, the
R4 = {(a, b) ∈ R2 | a ≤ b}, the
R5 = {(a, b) ∈ R2 | a = b}, the
R6 = {(a, b) ∈ R2 | a 6= b}, the
Find
greater than relation,
greater than or equal to relation,
less than relation,
less than equal to relation,
equal to relation,
not equal to relation

(a) R1 ∪ R3

(b) R1 ∪ R5

Hint: One way to prove two relations are equal is by showing that every element in relation
Ri is in relation Rj and every element in Rj is in Ri

7. Exercise 7.4.36
Use Chebyshev’s inequality to find an upper bound on the probability that the number of
tails that come up when a biased coin with
√ probability of heads equal to 0.6 is tossed n times
deviates from the mean by more than n.

8. Section 9.1 Problem 27

Let R be the relation R = {(a, b)|a divides b} on the set of positive integers. Find

(a) R−1

(b) R

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9. Section 9.1 Problem 47
How many relations are there on a set with n elements that are:

(a) symmetric?

(d) irreflexive?

(e) reflexive and symmetric?

10. Exercise 9.2 Example 2

Let R be the relation on Z x Z x Z consisting of all triples of integers (a, b, c) in which a,
b, and c form an arithmetic progression. What are the domains and degree of this relation?