Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm to Find the

Location of Facts Controllers for a Transmission Line

S. Harish Kiran1, C. Subramani2, S.S. Dash3,

M. Arunbhaskar2, and M. Jagadeeshkumar2
1
Department of EEE, Velammal Engineering College,
Chennai, India, 600066
harish99kiran@gmail.com
2
Department of EEE, SRM University, Kattankulathure,
Kancheepurm, India, 603203
{csmsrm,m.arunbhaskar}@gmail.com,
mpjagadeesh@yahoo.com
3
Department of EEE, SRM University,
Kattankulathure, Kancheepurm, India, 603203
munu_dash_2k@yahoo.com

Abstract. The main purpose of this paper is to find the optimal location of
FACTS controllers in a multi machine power system using enhanced genetic
algorithm (EGA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Using the
proposed method, the location of FACTS controller, their type and rated values
are optimized simultaneously. Among the various FACTS controllers, Thyristor
Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) and Unified Power Flow Controller
(UPFC) are considered. The proposed algorithms are an effective method for
finding the optimal choice and location of FACTS controller and also
minimizing the overall system cost, which comprises of generation cost and the
investment cost of the FACTS controller using PSO and conventional Newton
Raphson’s power flow method. A MATLAB coding is developed for Enhanced
Genetic Algorithm. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,
IEEE 14- bus system is used. The result obtained in both the algorithm’s are
compared.

Keywords: Optimal Power Flow (OPF), Flexible AC Transmission System

(FACTS), Particle swarm optimization(PSO), Newton Raphson’s (NR) power
flow.

1 Introduction
In present days with the improvement of the deregulation of electricity market, the
traditional practices of power flow in the power system has also been completely
changed. To have a better power flow and to have a maximum utilization of the
existing power system resources and to increase the power flow in the power system.
This can be done by installing a FACTS controller. The placement of the FACTS
controller is done on the basses of the economic cost of both the generation and the
FACTS controller that is used which becomes essential.

S.C. Satapathy et al. (Eds.): Proceedings of the InConINDIA 2012, AISC 132, pp. 861–868.
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The various parameters considered that are to be controlled by the FACTS

controller are transmission line impedances, terminal voltages and angle of the
terminal voltage can be controlled by FACTS controllers in an more efficient way.
The improvements that have been made in the power system network when the
FACTS controllers are included are improvement of steady state in the power flow,
system dynamic behavior and enhancement of system reliability. However the other
factors that are to be included in the selection of the FACTS controller in the power
system are its voltage limits, thermal limits, loop flow, short circuit level and main
factor is the sub-synchronous resonance.
The objective of this work is to compare the two algorithms and find the real
power allocation of generators and to choose the type and find the optimal and best
location for the FACTS controllers such that overall system cost which includes the
generation cost of power plants and investment cost of FACTS are minimized. The
algorithm used are enhanced Genetic Algorithm (EGA) and particle swarm
optimization (PSO) to find the type of the controller to be connected and conventional
NR power flow analysis to find the optimal location of the devices and its rating.

2 Controller Selection

The selection of the controller is based on the dynamic and steady state stability of the
system. The various problems in the dynamic stability are transient stability,
dampening, post contingency and voltage stability and the problems in the steady
state stability are voltage limits, thermal limits loop flow, short circuit level and sub-
synchronous resonance. For these problems the devices that can be used in all the
above mentioned problems are the Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC)
and Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). Another advantage of these controllers is
that they have the ability to inject or to observes reactive power and also enhance the
power factor in the high voltage transmission line.

3 Cost Functions
As the objective of this paper is to find simultaneously the optimal generation and
optimal choice and location of FACTS controllers so as to minimize the overall cost
function, which comprises of generation cost and investment costs of FACTS
controllers.

3.1 Generation Cost Function

The generation cost function is represented by a quadratic polynomial as follows:

C2 (PG) = α0+α1PG+α2PG2 (1)

Where PG is the output of the generator (MW), and α0, α1 and α2 are cost coefficients.