PROBLEM SET NO 6

LESSON 29-33

PRINCIPLE OF THE VERNIER

S
LC=
n

Where:

LC = is the least count or the smallest division that can be read on the main scale

S = value of the smallest space or division on the main scale

N = number of division on the vernier

PROBLEM NO 1:

Determine the least count of a direct vernier on a scale which is graduated to ¼ degrees if 30 divisions on the vernier
are equal to 29 on the main scale.
SOLUTION:
S = 1/4DEGREES = 10/4 = 0015’
n = 30 division
0° 15 '
LC= =0 ° 0 ' 30
30
PROBLEM NO. 2

The least division on the horizontal scale of an instrument reads 1/6 of a degree. Determine the least count of the
vernier if 30divisions on it covers 29 divisions on the main scale

SOLUTION:
S = 1/6DEGREES = 10/6 = 0010’
n = 30 division
0° 10 '
LC= =0 ° 0 ' 20
30

PROBLEM NO.4

Thirty spaces on a transit vernier are equal to 29 spaces on the graduated circle. If one space on the circle is
15minutes, determine the least count of the vernier.

SOLUTION:
S = 15minutes = 0015’
n = 30 division
0° 15 '
LC= =0 ° 0 ' 30
30

PROBLEM NO. 5
The smallest divisions on the scale of an instrument is 1/3 of a degree. Determine the number of division the vernier
should have in order to allow the instrumentman to read to the nearest 30 seconds.

SOLUTION:
S = 1/3 degree = 1/30 = 0020’
n=?
LC = 000’30”
S
LC= =0 ° 0 ' 30 = {0°20'} over {n
n

n=40 divisions
PROBLEM NO 6
Different settings of a vernier on the horizontal circle of a transit are illustrated in figure 1 through 8. The coincidence
for angles read clockwise and counterclockwise are indicated by the dashed lines. For each figure shown, determine
the least count of the vernier, the on the inner reading and the reading on the outer circle.

Reading:
Main scale
Inner reading – clockwise direction
Outer reading – counterclowise direction
Vernier A
Inner reading – clockwise direction ( 0 to 30)
Outer reading – counterclowise direction (0 to 30)
S = 1 degree /2 = 0030’ (main scale)

n = 30 divisions (vernier A) outer reading

S 0 ° 30' Inner reading n = 22 divisions

LC= = =0 ° 1 '
n 30
n = 8 divisions
Reading:

Reading on the main scale + LC x ( no of division on the vernier)

Total number of
Inner reading: clockwise direction division = 30 divisions

= 1830 + 001’ x 8div = 18308’

Outer reading: counterclockwise direction

176030’ + 001’ x 22div = 176052’

Checking: inner reading + outer reading = 360 0

18308’ + 176052’ = 3600

Inner reading
Outer reading
n = 15 divisions
n = 25 divisions

Reading:
Main scale
Inner reading – clockwise direction
Outer reading – counterclowise direction
Vernier B
Inner reading – clockwise direction ( 0 to 20)
Outer reading – counterclowise direction (0 to 20)

Total division, n = 40

S = 1 degree/3 = 10/3 = 0020’

n = 40 div

S 0 ° 20'
LC= = =0 ° 0' 30
n 40

Reading:

Reading on the main scale + LC x ( no of division on the vernier)

Inner reading: clockwise direction

= 210040’ + 000’30” x 15div = 210047’30”

Outer reading: counterclockwise direction

1490 + 000’30” x 25div = 149012’30”

Checking: inner reading + outer reading = 360 0

210047’30” + 149012’30” = 3600