Professional Documents
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College of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering
CE 25-2A
Elementary and Higher Surveying
Assignment No. 3
Leveling
1. TWO PEG TEST. In the two-peg test of a dumpy level the following observations
were taken: with level set up near A, observed readings are a=1.855m and
b=1.434m; with level set up near B, c= 1.790m and d=2.211m. Determine the
correct reading on the rod held at A with the instrument still in the same position
at B for a horizontal line of sight.
Required: d’
Illustration: d c
d’
Solution: d’ = c + TDE
TDE = DEa + DEb
2
DEa = a-b DEb = d-c
DEa = 1.855 – 1.434 DEb = 2.211 – 1.790
DEa = 0.421 DEb = 0.421
TDE = 0.421
d’ = 1.790 + 0.421
d’ = 2.211 m
2. TWO PEG TEST. The two-peg test is used to determine if the line of sight of the
telescope is parallel to the axis of the bubble tube. A tilting level is set up halfway
between points A and B and rod readings on both points are 1.969m and 2.161
m, respectively. The level is then set up 1.50m away from A along the extension
of the line AB and 53.50 from B. Then rod readings on A and B were recorded as
1.554m and 1.728m, respectively. Determine if the line of sight is inclined
downward or upward and the amount by which the horizontal cross hair should
be moved to adjust the line of sight.
Given:
Illustration:
d c
d
d’ c’
a b
A M
Solution:
| |
Equation 1,
Equation 2,
,
Given:
el. of C = 135.00m
rod reading at C = 1.52m
rod reading at D = 2.74 m
Illustration:
1.52
C
2.74
Elev. at C=135 m
D
Solution:
| |
Required: el. 2
Illustration:
TDE
0.86
2.25
TDE
460.96
Solution
| |
RR at A= 2.965 m
RR at B= 1.215 m
A to B= 75 m
A to C= 25 m
A to D= 45 m
Required: RR at C, RR at D
Illustration:
A B
TDE
D C
C
Solution:
Given: level sights 30, 50, 100, 250, 300, 500, 1000, and 2000 m
Required: h
Solution:
7. CURVATURE AND REFRACTION. A backsight of 3.055m is taken on a point
75m from a level station and foresight of 1.258m from the same station.
Determine the difference in elevation between the two points, taking into account
the combined effect of curvature and refraction.
Required: K
Illustration:
Solution:
Required:
Illustration:
Solution:
√ 3.600 km
1.735 m
16.5 km
Solution:
2
1
10. CURVATURE AND REFRACTION. Determine how far ( in km ) out from shore
an inter-island vessel will be when a red light on its deck, 9.45 m above the
water, disappears from the line of sight of a child standing on shore and whose
eye level is 1.32 m above the water.
Required: K
Illustration:
1.32
9.45
Solution:
√
Illustration:
1.675 ?
24 km
Solution:
√ √
12. CURVATURE AND REFRACTION. Two towers, A and B, are located on level
ground and their bases have equal elevations above sea level. Determine the
distance between the two towers if a person standing on top of tower A can just
see the top of tower B. His eyes are 15.50 m above the ground.
Required: K
Illustration:
15.5m
B A
Solution:
Required: K
Illustration:
3.50m
Solution:
√
PROBLEM SET NO. 4
Given:
STA BS HI FS ELEVATION
BM10 2.085 139.535 m 137.450m
TP1 2.015 140.568 m 0.982 138.553 m
TP2 1.864 141.004 m 1.428 139.140 m
TP3 0.579 140.056 m 1.527 139.477 m
BM11 0.423 138.056 m 2.423 137.633 m
TP4 1.446 137.695 m 1.807 136.249 m
TP5 1.778 137.748 m 1.725 135.970 m
TP6 2.051 137.460 m 2.339 135.409 m
TP7 2.920 139.375 m 1.005 136.455 m
BM12 3.186 140.203 m 2.358 137.017 m
TP8 2.805 142.013 m 0.995 139.208 m
TP9 0.774 141.581 m 1.206 140.807 m
BM13 0.603 140.978 m
Solution:
2. DIFFERENTIAL LEVELLING. In running a line of differential levels from BM1 to
BM2, the following rod readings were taken in order given: 2.40, 1.30, 1.43, 0.98,
1.25, 0.87, 1.85, 1.05, 2.94, 2.08, 1.69, 2.50, 1.61, 2.71, 0.75 and 2.11 meters. If
the elevation of BM1 is 445.25 m, complete the level notes and show the
customary check on the computations.
Given: rod readings are : 2.40, 1.30, 1.43, 0.98, 1.25, 0.87, 1.85, 1.05, 2.94,
2.08, 1.69, 2.50, 1.61, 2.71, 0.75 and 2.11 meters
Solution:
STA BS HI FS ELEV
BM-1 2.40 447.65 445.25
TP-1 1.43 447.78 1.30 446.35
TP-2 1.25 448.05 0.98 446.8
TP-3 1.85 449.03 0.87 447.18
TP-4 2.94 450.92 1.05 447.98
TP-5 1.69 450.53 2.08 448.84
TP-6 1.61 449.64 2.50 448.03
TP-7 0.75 447.68 2.71 446.93
BM-2 2.11 445.57
∑ ∑
∑ ∑
3. DIFFERENTIAL LEVELLING. Prepare and complete the differential level notes
for the information shown in the companying illustration, Include the customary
arithmetic check.
Given:
STA BS HI FS ELEV
BM-1 1.74 570.49 568.75 m
TP-1 1.28 568.32 3.45 567.04
TP-2 1.85 566.85 3.32 565
TP-3 1.66 565.72 2.79 564.06
TP-4 1.83 563.63 3.92 561.8
TP-5 3.05 563.97 2.71 560.92
BM-2 2.08 561.89
∑ ∑
Illustration:
Solution:
HI=570.49m
m
4. DIFFERENTIAL LEVELLING. The companying schematic arrangement of lines
portrays a differential level route. The values indicated represent backsight and
foresight readings taken at different points as labeled. Prepare and complete
level notes for the information shown and perform the customary arithmetic
check.
Given:
STA BS HI FS ELEV.
BM-1 3.25 103.595 100.345
TP-1 1.75 102.515 2.83 100.765
TP-2 2.08 102.545 2.05 100.465
TP-3 2.63 103.385 1.79 100.755
TP-4 2.22 104.275 1.33 102.055
BM-2 3.15 101.125
11.93 11.15
Required: Elev of BM
Illustration:
FS=1.33
Solution:
Given:
Solution:
∑ ∑
= 530.345
∑ ∑
Required: Distance
Solution:
m
7. PROFILE LEVELING. Complete the following set of profile level notes and show
the customary arithmetic check.
Given:
Solution:
∑ ∑
8. RISE AND FALL METHOD. Using the rise and fall method, complete the level
notes given below and show the customary arithmetic check.
Given:
Solution:
∑ ∑
9. RISE AND FALL METHOD. Given below is the schematic arrangement of lines
of a level route run from BM-1 to BM-2 I which intermediate foresights to a
number of points have been observed, it is desired to determine the elevation of
BM-2 and also the elevations of the intervening points. Prepare and complete the
appropriate format of level notes for the portrayed information using the rise and
fall method of leveling. Also show the customary arithmetic check.
Given:
Solution:
∑ ∑
Given:
a=0.993 m
a’=2.076, 2.077 and 2.078 m
b=1.463, 1.462 and 1.463 m
b’=2.549 m
Elev=925.28 A TDE
B
Solution:
Elev B = 924.8315
Given: el A = 197.428
Instr Near A: BS on A = 1.719m, Average FS on B = 2.578m
Instr Near B: Average BS on A= 1.335 m, FS on B = 2.176m
Required: Elev B
Illustration:
Elev=197.428 A TDE
B
Solution:
DE -0.342 DE 0.402
12. TRIGONOMETRIC LEVELING. Two points, A &B, are 3,134.50 meters apart.
From the third point, C, on the line between A and B, and 1,992.25 meters from
A, the measured vertical angle is +35°28’ and that to B is -15°14’. Determine the
difference in elevation between A and B making due allowance for the effects of
curvature and atmospheric refraction.
DEAC
+35°28’
DEAB
-15°14’
DECB
C
B
1 992.25 m
3 134.50 m
Required: DEab
Solution:
( )
( )
13. TRIGONOMETRIC LEVELLING. In problem 12, and still considering the effects
of curvature and refraction, determine the difference in elevation between the
same two points if the measured vertical angles of A and B are instead +28°30’
and +6°10’, respectively.
Given and Illustration:
DEAB DEAC B
+28°30’
+6°10’ DECB
1 992.25 m
3 134.50 m
Required: DEAB
Solution:
( )
( )
14. ALTIMETER SURVEY. Given the following data gathered from an altimeter
survey: Elevation of the high base, 818m; elevation of the low base 422 m,
altimeter readings at the high base is 6579; and altimeter reading at the low base
3333. If the altimeter reading at a field station is 4775, determine its
corresponding elevation.
RDG=6579 m
DiffHL DiffHF HB
Required: Elev of FS
Solution:
15. INVERSE LEVELING. A line of inverse levels was run into a shaft for a copper
mine. All of the stations in the accompanying tabulations were located in the
shaft’s ceiling and rod readings were taken by inverting the leveling rod.
Complete the given level notes and perform the customary arithmetic check.
Given:
STA BS HI FS ELEV
BM 66 2.84 101.46 104.30 m
TP-1 2.43 100.68 1.65 103.11
TP-2 2.76 100.4 2.48 103.16
TP-3 2.19 98.91 0.70 101.1
BM 67 3.05 96.81 0.95 99.86
TP-4 1.45 97.02 1.66 98.47
TP-5 0.96 98.14 2.08 99.1
BM 68 3.06 101.2
∑ ∑
Solution:
∑ ∑
A
Elev.=225.26
Solution:
17. INVERSE LEVELING. A backsight of 1.47 m is read on a rod held upside down
against BM-1 (elev=315.15 m) on the ceiling of a mine. Then a foresight of 1.52
m is taken on TP-1 on the floor with the rod in normal position. The instrument is
next transferred and setup at another station and a backsight of 1.45 m is read
on TP-1. Determine the elevation of BM-2 set on the ceiling if the foresight of
2.12 m is read on it with the rod again held upside down.
Elev.BM-1=315.15 m BM-2
BM-1
TP-1
Required:Elev of BM-2
Solution:
STA BS HI FS ELEV
BM-1 1.47 313.68 315.15 m
TP-1 1.45 313.61 1.52 312.16
BM-2 2.12 315.73
Elev.BM-2=315.73 m
18. LEVELS OVER ONE ROUTE. Starting a BM-42 whose known elevation is
810.15 m, a closed level circuit was run to set the elevations of several
benchmarks as shown in the accompanying tabulation. Adjust these observed
elevations.
Given:
Solution:
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
so:
19. LEVELS OVER DIFFERENT ROUTES. Six lines of levels are run over different
routes to establish the elevation of BM-X as shown in the accompanying
tabulation. Determine the most probable elevation of the bench mark.
Given:
OBS.
OBS ELEV
ROUTE LENGTH ROUTE LENGTH ELEV OF
OF BM-X
BM-X
a 4.15 246.85m D 5.82km 246.75m
b 5.20 246.63 E 6.03 246.56
c 4.76 246.70 R 4.98 246.69
Solution:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
Required:
MPV
Elev of B
Illustration:
Route 1
A
B
Route 2
Route 3
Solution:
ΣW = W1 + W2 + W3
ΣW =0.747
Σweighted elevation = EL1W1 + EL2W2 + EL3W3
= 15.790
MPVDE = 21.14 m
ELEVB = ELEVA + DE
= 532.462 + 21.14
= 553.602 m
Unit Exam No. 3
E 5. If in a given locality the elevation of points A and B are 247.50 m and 200.00
m, respectively, the value 47.50 m represents their
a) datum difference
b) elevation factor
c) datum correction
d) vertical clearance
e) difference in elevation
B 8. The dumpy level is very identical to the wye level. The only distinct difference
between these two instruments is in the manner by which
a) theh are used in the field
b) their telescopes are attached to the supporting level bar
c) the image sighted appears on the eyepiece
d) the instruments are set up and leveled
e) their level vials are positioned
B 9. This small device is attached to the leveling rod when extremely long sights
make direct reading of the rod difficult or impossible. It may be moved up or down the
rod under the direction of the instrumentman. The device referred to is called a
a) rod ribbon
b) target
c) rod level
d) hand level
e) laser system
C 10. The cross hairs consists of a pair of lines which are perpendicular to each
other. They are used to
a) determine stadia intercept
b) project the center of the instrument
c) define the instrument's line of sight
d) check for effects of parallax and refraction
e) determine the effect of the earth's curvature
Solution:
E 12. In Question 11, if the elevation of A is 386.70 m above mean sea level, the
elevation of B should be
a) 389.43 m
b) 388.05 m
c) 390.78 m
d) 390.81 m
e) 388.08 m
Given: el A = 386.70m
Required:
Solution:
C 13. The two-peg test is used to determine if the line of sight of an engineer's level
is in adjustment, and the following rod readings are taken: with instrument setup near A,
backsight on A is 1.623 m, foresight on B is 2.875 m; with instrument setup near B,
backsight on B is 1.622 m, and foresight on A is 0.362 m. The correct rod reading on A
to give a level line of sight with the instrument still setup near B should be
a) 1.256 m
b) 2.878 m
c) 0.366 m
d) 1.614 m
e) 1.630 m
Solution:
B 14. In Question 13, in order to adjust the line of sight, thr horizontal cross hair
should be moved
a) downward by 0.894 m
b) upward by 0.004 m
c) upward by 2.516 m
d) downward by 1.252 m
e) downward by 0.0004 m
Given:
Required:
Solution:
A 15. In the two-peg test of a dumpy level, the following obersvations are taken:
with level setup at M (midway between A and B), the rod readings on A and B are 1.155
m and 1.770 m, respectively. With level at P, the rod reading on A is 2 423 m and that
on B is 2 999 m. If point P is located 1.67 m from A along the extension of line AB and
76.910 m from B, the correct rod reading (d') on the far rod for a horizontal line of sight
(with the level still setup at P) should be
a) 3.039 m
b) 2.424 m
c) 2.959 m
d) 2.422 m
e) 2.999 m
Solution:
C 16. In Question 15, the correct rod reading (c') on the near rod for a horizontal
line of sight (with level still setup at P) should be
a) 2.959 m
b) 2.422 m
c) 2.424 m
d) 3.039 m
e) 2.999 m
Required:
Solution:
E 18. The combined effect of the earth's curvature and refraction on a level sight of
1200 m is
a) 0.972 m
b) 0.081 m
c) 0.054 m
d) 0.005 m
e) 0.097 m
Given: K = 1200m
Required:
Solution:
A 19. A fishing vessel with a green light on its deck, 7.5 m above the water,
disappears from the sight of a person on shore whose eye level measures 1.30 m
above the water. Neglecting the effect of waves, the distance of the vessel from the
man on shore is
a) 14.93 km
b) 130.37 km
c) 4.39 km
d) 10.54 km
e) 6.15 km
Given: hcr1 = 1.30m and hcr2=7.50m
Required:
Solution:
√ √
√ √
A 20. A woman on shore standing close to the sea water's edge looks toward the
direction of the sea. If her eyes measure 1.525 m above sea level, her visible horizon,
neglecting the effect of waves, should be about
a) 4.75 km away
b) 0.21 km away
c) 0.04 km away
d) 22.73 km away
e) 1.63 km away
Unit Exam No. 4
D 5. A turning is an intervening point between two bench marks upon which point
foresight and backsight rod readings taken. It is sometimes referred to as a
a) level point
b) reference point
c) BS-FS point
d) change point
e) elevation point
D 6. The height of instrument, which is sometimes called the height of collimation,
is the elevation of the line of sight of an istrument above or below a selected reference
datum. It is determined by
a) subtracting the rod reading on the backsight from the elevation of the point on
which the sight is taken
b) adding the rod reading on the foresight to the elevation of the point on which
the sight is taken
c) subtracting the rod reading on the turning point from the elevation of the bench
mark
d) adding the rod reading on the backsight to the elevation of the point on which
the sight is taken
e) measuring the height of the instrument above the ground where it is set up
C 8. The process of drawing the vertical scale for a profile much larger than the
horizontal scale in order to accentuate the differences in elevation is referred to as
a) scale uplifting
b) vertical enlargement
c) vertical exaggeration
d) elevation highlighting
e) horizontal exaggeration
The station or point along the level circuit which has the highest elevation is
a) BM-A
b) TP 5
c) BM-B
d) TP 3
e) BM-C
B 11. In Question 10, the difference in elevation between BM-B and BM-C is
a) 5.30 m
b) 1.13 m
c) 6.43 m
d) 0.78 m
e) 0.97 m
C 12. The following set of level notes is to be compeleted by employing the rise and
fall method
ROD READINGS REDUCED ROD
RISE FALL
BS IFS FS LEVEL STA
BM-X
1.73 a
1.05 b
2.45 2.60 223.75 m
2.38 c
3.02 d
BM-Y
Based on the data given in the accomanying tabulation, the sum of all values to be
tabulated under the "RISER" and "FALL" columns should, respectively, be equal to
a) 2.45 and 2.60 m
b) 8.18 m and 5.05 m
c) 1.82 and 1.97 m
d) 1.97 m and 1.82 m
e) 8.18 m and 3.79 m
E 13. In Question 12, the difference between the reduced level of point a and the
reduced level of point d is
a) 0.57 m
b) 0.72 m
c) 0.30 m
d) 0.42 m
e) 1.29 m
B 14. If a turning point along a profile level route measures 205.73 m beyond
station 10 + 33.5, its stationing be indicated as
a) 2 + 39.23
b) 12 + 39.23
c) 1+ 39.23
d) 8 + 27.77
e) 1 + 827.77
A 16. In leveling across a river, reciprocal level readungs were taken between two
points A and B. From setup near A: on A, 0.994 and 0.992 m; on B, 2.076, 2.077, 2.078,
and 2.077 m. At the setup near B: on B, 2.550 and 2.548 m; on A, 1.462, 1.463, 1.464,
and 1.463 m. From the observed data it can be determined that
a) B is 1.085 m below A
b) B is 1.085 m above A
c) A is above B by 1.088 m
d) A is below B by 1.084 m
e) A and B are of the same elevation
E 17. In Question 16, if the elevation of point A is 246.850 m, the elevation of point
B should be
a) 247.935 m
b) 245.764 m
c) 247.938 m
d) 245.763 m
e) 245.765 m
From the data portrayed, if the elevation of A (bottom of the concrete beam of the first
structure) is 240.05 m, the elevation of the bottom of the concrete beam of the second
structure (indicated as C) should be
a) 234.68 m
b) 240.42 m
c) 239.68 m
d) 238.78 m
e) 242.40 m
A 19. A closed loop of differential levels was run tl establish the elevations of
several bench marks and the following results were obtained
DISTANCE FROM OBSERVED
POINT
BM-1 ELEVATION
BM-1 0.0 km 186.60 m
BM-2 3.2 196.03
BM-3 4.8 199.10
BM-4 9.6 183.57
BM-5 12.8 177.43
BM-6 16.0 188.95
BM-1 22.4 186.75
The differene in elevation between the adjusted elevations of BM-6 ans BM-4 is
a) 6.38 m
b) 6.33 m
c) 0.05 m
d) 21.73 m
e) 9.26 m
B 20. Several lines of levels are run over different routes from BM-A to establish
the elevation of BM-B. The lengths of these routes are shown in the accompanying
sketch and the observed elevations of BM-B through each route were recorded as
follows: Route 1, 379.855; Route 2, 379.904 m; Route 3, 379.927 m; Route 4, 379.775
m; and Route 5, 379.910 m.
a) 379.874 m
b) 379.898 m
c) 379.895 m
d) 379.795 m
e) 379.798 m