MODULE 2.

LEVELING

ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEM.

1. TWO-PEG TEST. In the two-peg test of a dumpy level the following observations were taken: with level
setup near A, observed reading are: a = 1.855 m and b = 1.434 m; with level setup near B, C = 1.790 m
and d = 2.211 m. Determine the correct reading on the rod held at A with the instrument still in the same
position at B foe a horizontal line of sight.

2. TWO-PEG TEST. The two-peg test is used to determine if the line of sight of the telescope is parallel to
the axis of the bubble tube. A tilting is set up halfway between points A and B and rod readings on both
points are 1.969 m, 2.161 m, respectively. The level is then set up 3.50 m away from A along the
extension of line AB and 53.50 from B. The rod readings on A and B were recorded as 1.554 m and 1.728
m, respectively. Determine if the line of sight is downward or upward and the amount by which the
horizontal cross hair should be moved to adjust the line of sight.

3. DIFFERENCE IN ELEVATION. A dumpy level is set up and leveled approximately halfway between two
points, C and D. The elevation of point C is 135.00 m above sea level and the reading on a rod held at this
point is 1.52 m. If the reading on the rod held at this point D is 2.74 m, determine the difference in
elevation between two points. Also determine the elevation of point D.

4. DIFFERENCE IN ELEVATION. The backsight reading on a point is 2.25m and the foresight reading on
a second point is 0.86m. If the elevation of the first point is 460.96m, determine the elevation of the
second point.

5. DIFFERENCE IN ELEVATION. Readings on a rod held at two points A and B, 75m apart, are 2.965m
and 1.215m, respectively. Determine the rod readings at points on line AB which are 25m and 45m from
A. Assume that there is a uniform gradient along line AB.

6. CURVATURE AND REFRACTION. Determine the combined effect of curvature and refraction on level
sights of 30, 50, 100, 250, 300, 500, 1000 and 2000m.

7. CURVATURE AND REFRACTION. A backsight of 3.055m is taken on a point 75m from a level station
and a foresight of 1.258m from the same station. Determine the difference in elevation between the two
points, taking into account the combined effect of curvature and refraction.

8. CURVATURE AND REFRACTION. Determine the backsight or foresight distance for an instrument set
up which will cause an error due to the earth’s curvature and atmosphere’s refraction equal to 0.0015m,
0.0575m, 0.0986m, 0.2935m and 0.8750m.

9. CURVATURE AND REFRACTION. An observer standing on shore can just see the top of a lighthouse
16.5km away. If the eye height of the observer above sea level is 1.735m, determine the height of the
lighthouse above sea level. Neglect the effect of the waves.

10. CURVATURE AND REFRACTION. Determine how far (in km) out from shore an inter-island vessel
will be when a red light on its deck, 9.45m above the water, disappears from the sight of a child standing
on shore and whose eye level is 1.32m above the water.

11. CURVATURE AND REFRACTION. By taking a sight across a lake 24km wide through a pair of
binoculars, determine the height of the shortest tree on the opposite shore whose tip the observer can see.
Assume that the eyes of the observer are 1.675m above the shore line on which he stands.

12. CURVATURE AND REFRACTION. Two towers, A and B, are located on level ground and their bases
have equal elevations above sea level. Determine the distance between the two towers if a person standing
on tops of tower A can just see the top of tower B. His eyes are 15.50m above the ground.

13. CURVATURE AND REFRACTION. A lifeguard is standing on a watchtower at the edge of the water
such that his eye level is 3.50m above sea level. If a life raft starts floating out to sea, determine how far
out it could go before it disappears from the sight of the lifeguard. Assume that the sea is calm and a pair
of binoculars is available to tract the movement of the raft.