Civil Engineering November 2020 Review Innovations Surveying 3

Problem 1: Problem 4: Answers: PV = 40033’40’’

The distance of line AB was measured four times A transit with a stadia interval factor of 100.8 was PE = ±0.016
and recorded as follows: setup at point C on the line between points A and Precision = 1/2536
TRIAL DISTANCE (m) B. The following readings were observed:
1 102.1 5. A Civil Engineer proceeded to do the stadia
2 102.3 Hair survey work to determine the topography of a
3 102.2 Rod Vertical Readings certain area. The transit was set up at a point A,
4 102.4 with the line of sight horizontal, took rod
Position Angle Upper Middle Lower
readings from the rods placed at B and C which
a. Determine the probable value of the distance. A +150 25’ 1.972 1.854 1.732 is 200 m and 60 m from A respectively. Compute
b. Compute the probable error of the mean. the stadia interval factor.
B -090 07’ 1.33 1.175 1.01 Stadia intercept at B = 2.006 m
c. Compute the precision of measurement.
Stadia intercept at C = 0.605 m
If the distance from the instrument to the focus is Answer: 99.93
Problem 2:
0.38 m, determine the following:
In 1994, the magnetic bearing line AB measured
a. Horizontal distance between A and B Situation 2:
by a compass instrument was N 580 45’ W. The
b. Difference in elevation between A and B. The upper and lower stadia hair readings on a
declination of the needle at that time was 10 30’E.
a. What is the true bearing of the line? stadia rod held at station B were observed as 3.50
Problems for Practice: m and 1.00 m respectively, with the use of a
b. If the new declination at present was 2020’W, 1. A line was recorded to have a magnetic
determine the new magnetic bearing of the same transit with an internal focusing telescope and
bearing of S 450 30’ E when the declination was having a stadia interval factor of 99.5. The height
line. 10 16’ W. Determine the true azimuth of the line.
c. Find the secular variation per year. of the instrument above station A is 1.45 m and
Answer: 3130 14’ the rod reading is taken at 2.25 m. If the vertical
STADIA FORMULA angle observed is -23024’, determine the
Situation 1: following:
Problem 3: Three trials of the measured angle between two
An engineer’s level with a stadia constant of 0.30 6. Inclined stadia distance
points x and y were observed and the following 7. Difference in elevation between the two
m was set up on the line between A and B. The data were recorded.
following crosshair readings were observed: stations
Measured 8. Elevation of station B if the elevation of station
Trials
Angle Time A is 155.54 m above mean sea level
HAIR
1 40031’ 9:00:00 Answers: 228 m
ROD READINGS
2 40034’ 9:02:00 91.96 m
POSITION UPPER MIDDLE LOWER 3 40036’ 9:04:30 63.58 m
A 1.330 1.175 1.020 Determine the following:
B 1.972 1.854 1.736 2. Probable Value,
3. Probable Error
If the stadia interval factor of the level is 100, 4. Precision of measurement.
determine the length of line AB.

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 (02) 8735-9161 0919-227-9194  (032) 268-5989 0919-822 -5048  (082) 221-1121 0930-256-0998
Civil Engineering November 2020 Review Innovations Surveying 3
Probable Value (Mean Value) STADIA FORMULA
- arithmetic average of a large number of measurements of the same
quantity.

Probable Error of the Mean Observation:

D = ks + C
f
k = = stadia interval factor
Probable Error of a Single Observation: i
C = (f + c) = stadia constant
s = stadia intercept
i = distance between stadia hairs

Relative Precision (Error) – total amount of error in a given measurement

related to the magnitude of the measured quantity to indicate the accuracy
of measurement.

where: PE = Probable Error

PV = Probable Value

H = ks cos2  + C cos 
sin 2
V = ks + C sin 
2

Manila FB: @ReviewInnovationsOfficial Cebu FB: Excel-RI CE Review Specialist Inc. Davao FB: Review Innovations Davao Branch
 (02) 8735-9161 0919-227-9194  (032) 268-5989 0919-822 -5048  (082) 221-1121 0930-256-0998