Civil Engineering November 2020 Review Innovations Surveying 8

EARTHWORKS Five Level Cross Section

Level Cross Section Problem 1:
Compute the side slope and the base of the given
cross-section that has an area of 31.7 m2.

9.8 0 7.4
+2.4 +2.64 +1.2

Problem 2:
Find the value of x if the width of the roadway for
cut is 6m and 4.8m in fill. Side slope is 1:1
Also, compute the area of cut and fill.

𝟏 X 0.60 0 5.46
𝑨𝟓𝑳 = (𝑩𝑪 + 𝒇𝑹 𝒅𝑹 + 𝒇𝑳 𝒅𝑳 )
𝟐 -2.64 0 +0.39 +2.46
𝑨𝑳 = 𝑩𝑪 + 𝑺𝑪𝟐
VOLUME BY END AREA METHOD
Three Level Cross Section It is assumed that the volume between successive
Problem 3:
cross sections is the average of their areas
The following data are cross-section notes of the
multiplied by the distance between them.
𝑳 ground which will be excavated for a roadway.
𝑽𝒆 = (𝑨𝟏 + 𝑨𝟐 ) Station 4+120
𝟐
8.00 0 9.20
VOLUME BY PRISMOIDAL FORMULA +2.00 +3.2 +2.80
𝑳
𝑽𝒑 = (𝑨𝟏 + 𝟒𝑨𝒎 + 𝑨𝟐 ) Station 4+160
𝟔
9.50 0 10.70
Am is determined by averaging the corresponding +3.00 +2.6 +3.80
linear dimensions of the end sections and NOT by
averaging the end areas A1 and A2. The base road is 10 m and the sideslopes are 1.5:1
a. Find the volume of excavation by end area
method.
𝟏 𝑩 PRISMOIDAL CORRECTION b. Compute the volume by prismoidal formula.
𝑨𝟑𝑳 = [𝑪 (𝒅𝑳 + 𝒅𝑹 ) + (𝒉𝑳 + 𝒉𝑹 )] 𝑳
𝟐 𝟐 𝑪𝒑 = (𝒄 − 𝒄𝟐 )(𝒅𝟏 − 𝒅𝟐 )
𝟏𝟐 𝟏

𝑽𝒑 = 𝑽𝒆 − 𝑪𝒑

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Civil Engineering November 2020 Review Innovations Surveying 8
Situation 2: In a 20 meter road stretch, the following Situation 3:
Problem 4: cross-section of the existing ground and Given the following cross-section notes for a road
Given the following sections: corresponding subgrade cross-section notes were in cut:
taken. 10.00 0 7.80
Station 3+080 Existing Ground Cross Sections +2.50 +4.23 +1.40
4.05 3.00 0 3.00 7.05 Sta 10+280
+0.84 +3.50 2.85 +2.12 +3.24 Left Center Right 6 What is the width of the roadway?
0 −2 −1 0 1 2 1 7. What is the sideslope?
Station 3+100 16.5 9 5 0 4 12 18 8. What is the area of the cross-section?
7.80 2.00 0 4.00 5.65
+3.84 +2.42 +3.25 +2.50 +2.12 Sta 10+300 Answers: 10 m;
Left Center Right 2:1;
The base of road is 6 m and the sideslope 1.25:1. −3 −2 1 1 1 0 −1.5 47.4 m2
a. Find the area of the first station. 16.5 10 7 0 5 9 17
b. Find the area of the second station.
Subgrade Cross Sections
c. Compute the volume between the two stations
Sta 10+280
using end area method.
Left Center Right
0 −5.5 −5 −5 −5 −5.5 1
Problems for Practice: 16.5 7 6 0 6 7 18
Situation 1:
Sta 10+300
The following is a set of notes of an earthworks of a
Left Center Right
road construction which is undertaken by the
−3 −7.5 −7 −7 −7 −7.5 −1.5
Department of Public Works and Highways. The
13.5 7 6 0 6 7 17
base of the roadway is 9 m which conforms with
DPWH standards. Sideslope 1.5:1
Compute the following: Compute the following:
1. cross-sectional area of the given stations 3. cross-sectional area @ sta.10+280
2. volume between the two stations using end area 4. cross-sectional area @ sta.10+300
method. 5. volume between the two stations
Station 1+020
+3.0 +4.0 +2.0 +1.5 +1.0 Answers: A1 = 128.375 m2;
9.0 4.5 0 4.5 6.0 A2 = 175.375 m2;
Station 1+040 V = 3,037.5 m3
+2.0 +5.0 +4.0 +2.0 +3.0
7.5 4.5 0 4.5 9.0

Answers: A1 = 31.50 m2;

A2 = 45.75 m2;
V = 772.5 m3

Manila FB: @ReviewInnovationsOfficial Cebu FB: Excel-RI CE Review Specialist Inc. Davao FB: Review Innovations Davao Branch
 (02) 8735-9161 0919-227-9194  (032) 268-5989 0919-822 -5048  (082) 221-1121 0930-256-0998