Civil Engineering November 2020 Review Innovations Solid Geometry

Solid Geometry - deals with the properties of Right Circular Cone: Spherical Segment with Two Bases:
geometrical shapes of three dimensions, such as cones,
pyramids, cylinders, prisms, spheres, etc.
Volume = 1/3 πr2h Volume =
𝜋ℎ
(3𝑎2 + 3𝑏 2 + ℎ2 )
6
Prism:
Lateral Area = πrL
- polyhedron whose bases are equal polygons in
parallel planes and whose sides are parallelograms. L = √𝑟 2 + ℎ2

Rectangular Parallelepiped: Spherical Sector/Spherical Cone:

Volume = abc
Lateral Area = 2(ac + bc)
Total Surface Area = 2(ab + bc + ac) Frustum of a Cone:

Volume = 2/3 πR2h

𝜋ℎ
V= 2 2
(𝑟 + 𝑅 + 𝑟𝑅)
3 or 1/3 AR
LA = πL (r + R) where: A = area of zone

Cube:
Polyhedrons – solids whose faces are plane polygons.
Volume = a3 Right Circular Cylinder: •Regular Polyhedrons – solids which have identical
Volume = πr2h faces.
Lateral Area = 4a2
Total Surface Area = 6a2 Lateral Area = 2πrh Regular Polyhedron (Platonic Solids)
Surface Area = 2πr2 + 2πrh

Sphere:
Pyramid: Volume = 4/3 πr3

Volume = 1/3 Abase x h Surface Area = 4πr2

Spherical Segment with One Base:

Frustum of a Pyramid:
𝜋ℎ2
Volume = (3𝑅 − ℎ)
ℎ 3
V = (𝐵1 + 𝐵2 + √𝐵1 𝐵2 )
3 Azone = 2πRh

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Civil Engineering November 2020
Sample Problems:
1. The lateral edge of a frustum of a regular pyramid
is 1.8m long. Its upper base is a square, 1m x 1m, while
its lower base, also a square, 2.4m x 2.4m. What is the
volume of this frustum?
2. A frustum of a pyramid has base areas of 16 sq.cm.
and 36 sq.cm. respectively and it is 12 cm high. What
is the height of the pyramid?
3. A right circular cone is to be made from a circular
sector of radius 36cm and central angle of 200⁰. Find
the volume of the cone thus formed.
4. A mixture compound of equal parts of two liquids,
one white and the other black, was placed in a
hemispherical bowl. The total depth of the two liquids
is 6 inches. After standing for a short time, the mixture
separated; the white liquid settling below the black. If
the thickness of the black liquid is 2 inches, find the
radius of the bowl.
5. Find the volume of a regular tetrahedron if all the
edges measure 8 cm.
6. An ocean buoy is in the form of a hemisphere
surmounted by a right circular cone whose base
diameter is equal to the diameter of the hemisphere.
The radius of the hemisphere is 1m and the height of
the cone is 1.8m. If you will cut the buoy into 2 parts
of equal volumes by a plane parallel to the base of the
cone, how far from the bottom should the cut be
made?
A. 0.50 m C. 0.78 m
B. 2.75 m D. 0.97 m
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Review Innovations
Problems for Practice:
1. A truncated prism has a horizontal triangular base
ABC, AB = 10cm, BC = 12cm, and CA = 8cm. The
vertical edges through A, B and C are 20cm, 12cm, and
18cm long respectively. Determine the volume of the
prism.
Answer: 661.44 cm3
2. The volume of two spheres are in the ratio 27:343
and the sum of their radii is 10. Find the ratio of the
surface area of the bigger sphere to the smaller sphere.
Answer: 5.44
3. The ratio of the volume to the lateral area of the right
circular cone is 2:1. If the altitude is 15cm, what is the
ratio of the slant height to the radius?
Answer: 5/2
4. The ratio of the surface area of sphere A to the
surface area of sphere B is 4. The ratio of the volume
of sphere B to the volume of sphere C is 3. Find the
ratio of the volume of sphere A to the volume of
sphere C.
Answer: 24
5. If the surface area of the sphere is increased by 30%,
by what percent is the volume of the sphere increased?
Answer: 48.22%
6. The corners of a cubical box just touch the closed
spherical shell that encloses it. The volume of the box
is 27,000cc. What volume inside the shell is not
occupied by the box?
Answer: 46,458.87 cc
7. A salad bowl is in the form of a spherical segment
with two bases. The upper base is a great circle of
radius 5”. The altitude of the bowl is 2”. Find its
capacity.
Answer: 148.70 in3
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Solid Geometry
8. The sum of the radii of the bases of a frustum of a
cone is 7 cm. If it has an altitude of 6 cm and a volume
of 232.48 cm3, compute the radius of the smaller base.
Answer: 3 cm
9. A hole 10 cm in diameter is to be punched out from
a right circular cone (base on top) having a diameter
of 16 cm and a height of 24 cm. Determine the total
volume punched out.
Answer: 1099.56 cc
10. How many bricks are contained in a chimney in the
shape of a frustum of a cone whose height is 18.30 m,
whose outer diameters are 1.20 m and 2.40 m,
respectively, and whose inner diameters are 1.0 m and
2.20 m respectively. There are 530 bricks to a cubic
meter of chimney.
Answer: 5179.95 ≈ 5180 pieces
11. Two equal spheres overlap such that the surface of
one sphere passes the centroid of the other sphere. If
the radius of each sphere is 2 m, find the volume
common to both spheres.
Answer: 10.47 m3
12. A solid pyramid whose altitude is 1.5 m weighs
2000 kg. At what distance from its base must it be cut
by a plane parallel to its base so that two solids of
equal weight will be formed?
Answer: 0.31 m
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