PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS & HUMAN RELATIONS

BASIC HUMAN NEEDS

1. INTRODUCTION

Every human being on this earth has certain basic needs which need to be
fulfilled, so are the humans having such needs. A basic human need is the quest of
something or the requirement for biological, social, spiritual and psychological
functioning experienced by the person without which he cannot survive. There are
nine basic human needs are present.Each individual has unique characteristics,
but certain needs are common to all people.
A need is something that is desirable, useful or necessary. Human needs are
physiologic and psychological conditions that an individual must meet to achieve
a state of health or well-being.Basic needs are the absolute needs that
everyhuman being needs and other needs cannot imagine without fulfilment of
these needs. Fulfilment of basic needs is essential for life and is the motivating
force behind human behaviour. Every individual has basic human needs –
physical, emotional, social and intellectual
 Needs: A lack of something required or desired.
 Basic needs: Are the absolute needs that every human being needs and other
needs cannot imagine without fulfilment of these needs. Fulfilment of basic
needs is essential for life and is the motivating force behind human behaviour.
Every individual has basic human needs are physical, emotional, social and
intellectual. The elements required for survival and normal mental and physical
health such as food, water, shelter, protection from environmental threats and
love. The elements whose satisfaction is required to produce non deviant, non-
violent, normal behaviour.
II. DEFINITION OF BASIC HUMAN NEED
1. A basic human need is want of something or requirement for biological,
social and spiritual functioning experienced by a person without which a
person cannot survive.
Navdeep KaurBrar

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 2. The elements required for survival and normal mental and physical
health such as food,water,shelter and protection from environmental
threats and love.
Encyclopaedia
3. The state of having an accurate and sufficient amount of a hot or cold
drink, food, an income and a form of housing that meets the current need
and priority of a being.
Oxford dictionary

III. CHARACTERISTICS OF BASIC NEEDS

 Basic needs are approximately same for all: Around the world, people go
about doing the same things in very different ways. Although the behaviours of
races and cultures are different, the basic needs they are satisfying are very
similar they are using their full potential. Every human being, in every culture,
over every generation, on every continent has these 7 categories of needs.
However, the expression of these needs in different people may take on
different phenotypes and so look different. The way they are satisfied also
differs from person to person and across cultures and ages. These inborn needs
have been responsible for our individual and group survival as a species and
continue to play a significant role in the evolution of human society . 
Everyone’s body is made of the same basic stuff. It attempts to define the
absolute minimum resources necessary for long term physical wellbeing. The
basic need approach is one of the major approaches to the measurement
resources.
 The importance of each need is different for each person: a person is a being
that has certain capabilities or attributes such as reason and people differ from
each other is obvious. It refers to all aspects of a person’s individuality average
performance measures.
 All the basic needs are interconnected and interactive: each of these
individual levels contains a certain amount of internal sensation that must be
met in order for an individual to complete their hierarchy.

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IV. BASIC HUMAN NEEDS

A term used by the International Labour Organization (ILO) and other United
Nations agencies for the basic goods and services (food, shelter, clothing, sanitation,
education, etc.) necessary for a minimum standard of living. These basic needs are
also incorporated in the WHO concept of prerequisites for health, which are those
necessities without which medical care and other investments for improving health,
such as health promotion, can have little lasting effect. Defining basic needs is one of
the key approaches to the measurement of absolute poverty in developing countries.
It attempts to define the absolute minimum resources necessary for long-term physical
well-being, usually in terms of consumption of goods. The poverty line is then defined
as the amount of income required to satisfy those needs.
The basic needs approach was introduced by the International Labour
Organization's World Employment Conference in 1976; it was proposed that the
satisfaction of basic human needs is the overriding objective of national and
international development policy. This approach to development was endorsed by
governments as well as workers’ and employers’ organizations from all over the
world. A traditional list of immediate basic needs is food (including water), shelter,
and clothing. Many modern lists emphasize that the minimum level of consumption of
basic needs also includes sanitation, education, and health care .

We need to make sure that every human has practical access to the following
physiological needs:

 Food - With nutritional value. No need for it to taste delicious (this can be
considered a luxury).
 Water - Clean.  It is vital for all known forms of life, even though it
provides no calories or organic nutrients. Its chemical formula is H2O,
meaning that each of its molecules contains one oxygen and
two hydrogen atoms.
 Shelter - A place worthy of living, protecting from threats (natural or
artificial). No luxury needed.

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  Clothing - In an acceptable state there is no need for luxury here again).
Anything that can protect against the weather conditions.
 Health care (Physical and Mental) - Amazingly this is not guaranteed in
many places of the “civilized world”.
Not having access to anything as essential as any of these 5 needs means that life
becomes about survival and not about actually living. About going away from pain
instead of going towards satisfaction. All of these needs are only those that are needed
for the normal functioning of the body.

We have the resources for everyone to meet all of these basic needs for every human
on earth but we are not being organized so many resources end up going to waste.

1. Food - Every year more than a billion tons of food gets wasted which
could feed the more than 800 million people that suffer from hunger. If even
all the food that gets wasted is distributed in an organized manner, there are
more than 2 billion people that are either obese or overweight, who could
stop eating as much as they do so that other people could eat (But there is no
need for this because we have enough food, it is just a problem of
distribution).
2. Water - 780 million people in the world have no access to a consistent
source of clean water. Around 70% of clean water is being used in
agriculture feeding animals that will eventually get killed and in this process
wasting an insane amount of water.
3. Shelter - There are more than 100 million homeless people in the world on
any given day. Apart from all these people without a home, there are plenty
of people who may have a home but it is in inhospitable conditions.
4. Clothing - Most people including me have much more clothes than we
actually need. This overflow of clothes is creating an environmental impact
which is not related to this question but it is really preoccupying.

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 5. Health care - It is ridiculous that so many people cannot get appropriate
treatment when they get sick. We have the resources to guarantee accessible
health for everyone at least in the civilized world but greed is getting on the
way.
The previous needs are essential for humans to subsist and denying the right to anyone
for any reason is plainly inhuman. We should guarantee that absolutely everyone has
all of these needs because not having any of these needs will just lead to extreme
suffering. Apart from these needs that are more concrete, we need to feel protected as
well as affection.

 Protection: No one should be constantly fearing anything (Crime, war,

other humans, etc) Not feeling protected can lead to great psychological
problems which will lead to suffering.
 Affection: Everyone should feel consistent affection because our bodies
are programmed so that we look for connections to other persons. This is
because in the hunter-gatherer era it was essential for us to form connections
with other people because otherwise, we would be alone which would lead to
our death. Not feeling loved or cared for is deteriorating and like all the
problems I have previously mentioned will lead to a life of suffering.
More than 70 million children in the world are not able to go to school every day. If
these people don't have a way of understanding how things to work them basically
have no life opportunities and are pretty much destined to suffer and barely sustain
themselves and their families. With all of the knowledge, we have acquired through
centuries of research and analysis we should make sure that everyone has the
opportunity to know about all the discoveries our species has made.

The most modern necessity of humans is…

Internet Access: If the internet is used correctly it can do great benefit to humanity.
Here you can find everything that can be thought in school and can lead you to
connect with other people. It is also a great tool for communication. The benefits of
this amazing tool are abundant, but unfortunately, it has also some drawbacks if it is

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not used with precaution. In general, knowing how to effectively use this tool can
open up some extraordinary possibilities which would have been unimagined decades
ago.

Nursing has been defined as a helping relationship. Nurse will help people to satisfy
their basic needs and to reduce threats to this need fulfillment. Most types of nursing
care are prioritized using the same hierarchy. A person must meet the needs at the
foundation of the hierarchy before working toward meeting higher-level needs.
Individuals must meet needs at the first level, such as oxygen and food, to survive.

Hierarchy of needs: According to Maslow, basic physiologic needs, such as for

food and water; must be met before a person can move on to higher-level needs,
such as security and safety. Nursing is based on helping people to meet the needs
they cannot meet by themselves because of age, illness, or injury
V. MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

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Meaning of hierarchy: Hierarchy means that in any list of items some items are
classed as more important than others. Abraham Maslow identified in 1968 five basic
level of basic human needs that are arranged in the order of priority for satisfaction.

Abraham Maslow was a psychologist. This title is derived from the Latin word psyche
meaning mind. A psychologist asks questions and makes observations to determine
how a person thinks and how they behave.

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in a theory in psychology, proposed by Abraham

Maslow in 1943 paper a theory of human motivation which he subsequently extended
to include his observations of human innate curiosity. Maslow’s theory was fully
expressed in his 1954 book MOTIVATION AND PERSONALITY. The most
fundamental and basic four layers of the pyramid contains what Maslow called
“deficiency needs or d needs” which includes esteem, love, security and physical
needs.

Abraham Maslow identified 5 basic human needs that every human being must
have met in order to survive. A hierarchy simply means that some needs are more
important than others. In order to teach others which needs were more important than
others, Maslow illustrated his theory with a pyramid. He used a pyramid instead of a
graph or a circle because when construct a pyramid the bottom layers are more
important than the top. If these deficiency needs are not met the body gives no
physical indication but the individual feels anxious.

Maslow’s theory suggests that the most basic level of needs must be met before
the individual will strongly desire for secondary needs. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
is displayed as a pyramid. The lowest levels of the pyramid are made up of the most
basic needs while the more complex needs are located at the top of the pyramid.
Needs at the bottom of the pyramid are made up of the most basic needs while more
complex needs are located at the top of the bottom.Needs at the bottom of the pyramid
are basic physical requirements including the need for food, water, sleep and warmth.
Once these lower levels needs have been met, people can move on to the next level of
needs which are for safety and security. As people progress up the pyramid, needs

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become increasingly psychological and social. Maslow emphasized the importance of
self-actualization which is a process of growing and developing as a person to achieve
individual potential.

VI. MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

It predetermined in order of importance. It is often depicted as a pyramid consisting of

five levels. The first lower level is being associated with physiological needs while the
top levels are termed growth needs associated with psychological needs:

 Deficiency needs must be met first. Once these are met, seeking to
satisfy growth needs drives personal growth

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 The higher need in this hierarchy only comes into focus when the lower
needs in the pyramid are met.
 Once an individual has moved upwards to the next level needs in the
lower level will no longer prioritized
If a lower set of needs is no longer being met, the individual will
temporarily reprioritize those needs by focusing attention on the
unfulfilled needs but will not permanently regress to the lower level. For
example: a business at the esteem level who is diagnosed with cancer
will spend a great deal of time concentrating on his health but will
continue to value his work performance and will likely return to work
during periods of remission.
1) Physiological needs
For the most part physiological needs are obvious they are the literal
requirements for human survival. If these requirements are not met, the
human body simply cannot continue to function. The physiological
needs include breathing, human nutrition, water, human sexual activity,
sleep, homeostasis and excretion. Air, waterand food are metabolic
requirements for survival in all animals including humans. Clothing and
shelter provide necessary protection from the elements. The intensity of
the human sexual instinct is shaped more by sexual competition than
maintaining a birth rate adequate to survival of the species.
 Food making meal time as pleasant as possible assist resident to
eat, feed resident when possible prepare foods such as cutting
meats, opening cartons.
 Oxygen/air elevate hob for resident with breathing problems or
sob position in bed and chairs to allow lung expansion assist
resident to ambulate assist nurse with oxygen therapy.
 Water offer fluids frequently keep water containers within reach
keep water fresh other liquids at correct temperatures.

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  Elimination assist resident in toileting needs provide privacy be
matter of fact in response to incontinent residents. Rest assist in
preparation for sleep recognize changes in patterns for sleep.
 Activity and exercise encourage ROM in ADL’s, ambulate,
transfer and move properly encourage activity.
 Nursing action: A primary nursing function is to meet these
needs as they are vital to the survival of patients.
2) Safety needs
With physical needs satisfied the individuals safety needs take
precedence and dominate behaviour. These needs have to do with
peoples yearning for a predicable orderly world in which perceived
unfairness and inconsistency are under control, the familiar is frequent
and the unfamiliar is rare. In the world of work these safety needs
manifest themselves in such things as a preference for job security,
safety and security includes personal security, financial security, health
and wellbeing and safety net against accidents, illness and their adverse
impacts.
Nursing action: Every individual either sick or well desires the
companionship and recognition of his family or friends. The nurse
should always consider love and belonging needs of the patients by way
of care and by establishing a nurse client relationship based on mutual
understanding and trust.

3) Love and belonging

After physiological and safety needs are fulfilled the third layer of
human needs are social and involve feelings of belongingness. This
aspect of Maslow’s hierarchy involves emotion-based relationships in
general such as friendship intimacy and family. Humans need to feel a
sense of belonginess and acceptance it comes from a large social group
such as clubs, office and culture. Religious groups professional
organizations, sport teams, gangs or small social connections. They need

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 to love and be loved by others. In the absence of these elements many
people become susceptible to loneliness, social anxiety and clinical
depression.

4) Esteem
All humans have a need to be respected and to have self-esteem and
self-respect. Also known as the belonging need, esteem presents normal
human desire to be accepted and valued by others. People need to
engage themselves to gain recognition and have an activity that give a
person a sense of contribution to feel accepted and self-valued.
Imbalances at this level can result in low self-esteem or an inferiority
complex. People with low self-esteem need respect from others.
Psychological imbalances such as depression can also prevent one from
obtaining self-esteem on both levels. Maslow noted two versions of
esteem needs, a lower one and a higher one. The lower one is the need
for the respect of others, the need for status, recognition, fame, prestige
and attention. The higher one is the need for self-respect, the need for
strength, competence, mastery, self-confidence, independence and
freedom. Deprivation of these needs can lead to an inferiority complex,
weakness and helplessness.
Nursing action: nurses can meet patient’s self esteem needs by
accepting their values and beliefs, encourages them to get attainable
goals and facilitating support by family or friends.
5) Self actualization
Maslow describes this desire to become more and more what one is to
become everything that one is capable of becoming. This is the broad
definition of the need for self-actualization. Example one individual may
have the strong desire to become an ideal parent in another it may be
expressed athletically and in another it may be expressed in painting,
pictures or inventions. In order to reach a clear understanding of this

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 level of need one must first one only achieve the previous needs
physiological, safety, love and esteem but master these needs.
Nursing action: the nurse must focus on the strength and capabilities
rather than on problem to meet patient’s self actualization need (holistic
care) and must provide a sense of hope to maximize his potentials.

BASIC HUMAN NEEDS AND RELATED NURSING ACTIONS

Human needs Nursing actions

Physiologic needs

 AIR The nurse evaluates oxygen needs

by assessing skin colour, vital signs,
anxiety levels, responses to activity
and mental responsiveness.

 WATER The nurse will measure intake and

output, test the resiliency of the
skin, check the condition of the skin
and mucous membranes and weighs
the patient which helps to assess
water balance.
Assess nutritional status with a
 Food
variety of indicators including
weight, muscle mass, strength and
laboratory values.

 Temperature The nurse will assess it as avital

sign
The nurse assess and educate the
 Sexuality
persons according to age,
sociocultural background, self

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 esteem and level of health

Safety and security needs

 Involve both physical and emotional Physical: proper hand washing and
sterile techniques to prevent
infection, use electrical equipment
properly, administering medications
knowledgeably, teaching patients
about dangerous chemicals.

Emotional: encouraging spiritual

practices, allowingas much
independent decision making and
control as possible and carefully
explaining new and unfamiliar
procedures and treatments.

Love and belonging needs Nurses should always consider this

when developing a plan of care

Include family and friends in the

care of the patient

Establish a nurse patient relationship

based on mutual understanding and
trust

Referring patients to specific

support groups

Self-esteem needs Respecting patient values and

beliefs, encouraging patients to set
attainable goals and facilitating
support from family
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Self-actualization needs Acceptance of self and others as
they are, focus of interest on
problems outside oneself, ability to
be objective, feeling of happiness
and affection for others, respect for
all people, ability to discriminate
between good and evil, uses
creativity for solving problems and
pursuing interest.

VI. IMPLICATION OF HUMAN NEEDS IN NURSING PRACTICE

a) Knowledge of human needs helps nurses to:

 Understand the patient so that they can meet their personal needs outside the
health care seting.eg maintenance of body temperature
 Set priorities as in giving care. E.g. working and playing will assume a low
priority during a period of critical illness.
 Better to understand patient’s behaviour so that they can respond
therapeutically rather than emotionally.
 Relieve the distress of patients. E.g. helping a patient to meet his unmet need of
love and affection.
 Toget used to all ages and in all health care setting both at health and illness. It
zis an approach for holistic care.
 Help client to develop and grow. E.g. nurse can help clients to move towards
self-actualization by helping them to find meaning on their illness. Experience
provide a frame work and be applied the nursing process at the individual and
family level.
b) Illness or risk for illness: Occurs when people are unable to satisfy one or
more of their basic needs independently. Nursing involves helping people to

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 avoid risks or threats to their basic human needs. Nurses will be helping others
to prevent complications before they begin.
c) Many situations will arise in which nurse will assist clients to meet their
needs: Nurses feed an infant, provide full range of motion for a person who has
had a stroke, give a tube feeding to a person who cannot swallow, bathe a
person who is in a full body cast, or play with a child. Nurses encourage the
recovering person to attend to personal care, visit with someone who is lonely
or frightened, or arrange for a social worker or a member of the clergy to visit.
Illness may modify a person’s perception of his or her needs. As a result, the
client’s “need priority” may differ from what would expect. Illness or injury
may present a block or obstacle to the meeting of needs. Nursing tries to help
remove those obstacles.
d) Meeting needs is a process:  It is never static. In addition, needs are
interrelated and some needs depend on others. Nursing is concerned with
helping clients meet their physical, spiritual, and psychological needs. Much of
nursing deals with assisting clients to meet basic physiologic needs that they
cannot meet independently. The nurse can determine the client’s level of need
satisfaction by looking at him or her. For example, the nurse can estimate
oxygenation by looking for cyanosis (blueness of skin) and difficulty breathing.
Listening to the client is also helpful. The client may tell the nurse that he or
she is hungry, thirsty, or in pain. Basic needs are common to all people thus,
basic needs are universal. Individuals of all cultures have basic needs in other
words, basic needs are transcultural, across all cultures. Needs can be satisfied
or they can be blocked during times of illness.
VII. INDIVIDUAL NEEDS& NURSING CARE

1. Basic Physiologic Needs

First-level needs are called physiologic needs, survival needs or primary needs.
Without them, a person or animal will die. They take precedence over higher-level
needs. Primary needs must be met to sustain life secondary needs are met to give

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quality to life. Primary needs must be met to maintain life. Secondary needs must be
met to maintain quality of life.

 Oxygen: Oxygen is the most essential of all basic survival needs. Without
oxygen circulating in the bloodstream, a person will die in a matter of minutes.
Oxygen is provided to the cells by maintaining an open airway and adequate
circulation.
Nursing care: Nurses will constantly evaluate the oxygenation status of your
clients. Various situations can threaten the body’s oxygen supply. For example,
emphysema, asthma, paralysis, or secretions may make breathing difficult;
circulation may be impaired, thus preventing oxygen from reaching the cells.
Some breathing difficulties also have an emotional component.
 Water and Fluids: Water is necessary to sustain life. The body can survive
only a few days without water, although certain conditions may alter this length
of time. For example, the person in a very hot climate needs more water and
fluids to sustain life than the person in a cold climate. The fluids in the body
must also be in balance, or homeostasis, to maintain health.
Nursing care: Examples of conditions in which individuals may require
assistance to meet their fluid needs include unconsciousness, inability to
swallow, and severe mental illness. If the kidneys do not function, the body
may retain water in the tissues (edema) or the body may not have enough water
(dehydration). The nurse can assist in these conditions by measuring intake and
output, weighing the client daily, and observing intravenous infusion of fluids.
 Food and Nutrients: Nutrients are necessary to maintain life, although the
body can survive for several days or weeks without food. Poor nutritional
habits, inability to chew or swallow nausea and vomiting, food allergies,
refusal to eat, and overeating pose threats to a client’s nutritional status.
Nursing care: The nurse helps by feeding the client, monitoring calorie counts,
or maintaining alternative methods of nutrition such as tube feedings or
assisting with intravenous infusions.

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 Elimination of Waste Products: Elimination of the body’s waste products is
essential for life and comfort. The body eliminates wastes in several ways. The
lungs eliminate carbon dioxide and water; the skin eliminates water and
sodium; the kidneys eliminate fluids and electrolytes; the intestines discharge
solid wastes and fluids. If the body should inappropriately allow wastes to
accumulate, many serious conditions can result.
Nursing care: A bowel obstruction, bladder cancer, kidney disease, and
gallbladder disease disrupt normal elimination. Difficulty in breathing, poor
circulation, acid-base imbalance, allergies, cuts, wounds, diabetes, and
infection also hinder adequate elimination.The nurse may help the client
eliminate wastes by giving an enema, catheterizing the person, or assisting with
dialysis. Nurses assist with surgery to eliminate a bowel obstruction and
administer medications to relieve diarrhea or constipation. Nurses give oxygen
to assist with breathing. Nurses inject insulin for the diabetic client to aid in
proper carbohydrate metabolism.
 Sleep and Rest: Sleep and rest are important in maintaining health. The
amount of sleep that people need various factors such as pregnancy, age, and
general health has an influence. The absence of sleep is not immediately life
threatening but can cause various disorders if allowed to continue. For
example, sleep deprivation aggravates some forms of mental illness.
Nursing care: The nurse can assist clients to get enough sleep and rest by
providing safe, comfortable, and quiet surroundings. Various treatments such
as a soothing back rub, warm tub bath, warm milk and certain medications can
also promote sleep.
 Activity and Exercise: Activity stimulates both the mind and body. Exercise
helps maintain the body’s structural integrity and health by enhancing
circulation and respiration. Mobility is not necessary for survival, but some
form of exercise is needed to maintain optimum health.
Nursing care: The nurse can assist the client to obtain needed exercise in many
ways. Examples include encouraging a person to walk after surgery, teaching a
client to walk with crutches, providing passive range of motion, and teaching

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 the person in a cast to do exercises. Clients in nursing homes are encouraged to
exercise, even if they are confined to wheelchairs. Physical therapists and
nurses work together to assist clients with rehabilitation of injured bones and
muscles. The person who is paralyzed from the waist down can do pushups in
bed and many other upper body exercises. Turning the immobilized person
often helps to prevent lung problems, skin breakdown, circulatory problems,
bowel obstruction, and pressure ulcers (bedsores).
 Sexual Gratification: Sexual gratification is important however, unlike other
basic physiologic needs, sexual gratification may be sublimated. The need for
sex is not vital to the survival of the individual, but it is vital to the survival of
the species.
Nursing care: The nurse will need to be aware of sexuality issues when care is
given. Perhaps an older male client is not comfortable with a younger male or
female nurse. As part of the assessment, the nurse may learn that the client has
concerns relating to sexual issues. For example, the client recovering from
surgery may be concerned about the physical effects of sexual intercourse on a
healing incision. Remember that age or physical disability usually does not
eliminate a person’s desire for sexual activity.
 Temperature Regulation: Several factors can threaten the body’s need for
temperature regulation including excessive external heat or cold or a high
internal fever in response to an infection. The human body functions within a
relatively narrow survival range of temperatures. Core temperature survival
ranges for the human body (under usual circumstances) are given below using
equivalent values from the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales:
35°C to 41°C; “Normal oral temperature” = 37°C
95°F to 106°F; “Normal oral temperature” = 98.6°F
Nursing care:The body has mechanisms to assist in temporary regulation of
body temperature. These mechanisms include shivering, goose flesh, and
perspiration. The nurse will assist clients to meet the need for temperature
regulation in cases such as a severe burn, a high fever, or exposure to extreme

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 heat (heat stroke) or cold (hypothermia, frostbite) by monitoring the client’s
temperature and providing treatment for the effects of thermal damage.

Security and safety needs can be met by helping the client ambulate using a
walker. Notice how the nurse uses her body position and her arms to anticipate
helping the client in case of loss of balance.

2. Security and Safety Needs

The second level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs relates to safety. At this level, there
are both physical and psychological needs.

 Freedom from Harm: People must feel safe and secureboth physically and
emotionally before being comfortable enough to move on to meet other needs.
They must feel free from harm, danger and fear. Characteristics of safety
include predictability, stability and familiarity as well as feeling safe and

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 comfortable and trusting other people. Financial security is also a component of
this need.
Nursing care: Safety adaptations are made for age, whether the person is old
or very young. The person who is physically challenged often needs special
adaptations. The nurse may assist in removing threats to safety from the
client’s environment. Examples include using proper hand washing techniques,
preventing wound infections by using sterile dressings, using a night light,
disabling the gas stove in the home of a person with Alzheimer’s disease, and
locking up poisons in the home to safeguard small children. The nurse can
explain to clients their surgical procedure before surgery, as well as any other
treatments or medications. Such discussion can help clients feel safer and can
aid in postoperative recovery.
 Abuse:  Any type of abuse is a threat to the basic need for safety and security if
a person feels unsafe, he or she cannot pursue higher-level needs.Abuse within
the home has always existed. Society is becoming less tolerant of all types of
domestic abuse. Legal penalties for abuse are becoming more severe. Abuse
may take the form of spousal or partner battering, child abuse or rape by family
members or others. Psychological abuse may have longer lasting scars than
physical abuse. Often, people find it difficult to escape from abusive situations
for many reasons.
Nursing care:Resources within the community can assist victims. The nurse is
legally bound to report any suspected abuse in the clients. Remember that
abuse also can occur in the healthcare facility. Abuse must be reported
immediately.

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VIII. SUMMARY

So far as we discussed about the topic basic human needs. A basic human need is
want of something or requirement for biological, social or spiritual functioning
experienced by a person without which a person cannot survive. The characteristics of
basic human need are Basic needs are approximately same for all; everyone’s body is
made of the same basic stuff. There are nine basic human needs security, adventure,
freedom, exchange, power, expansion, acceptance, community and expression.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs are depicted as a pyramid consisting of five levels. The
first lower level is being associated with physiological needs while the top levels are
termed growth needs associated with psychological needs. The implication of human
needs in nursing practice and nursing care for each basic human needs. Deficiency
needs must be met first. Once these are met, seeking to satisfy growth needs drives
personal growth and the higher need in this hierarchy only comes into focus when the
lower needs in the pyramid are met.

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IX. CONCLUSION

The need for creative fulfilment may supersede even the most basic needs. Maslow's
hierarchy of needs represents part of an important shift in psychology. Rather than
focusing on abnormal behaviour and development, Maslow's humanistic psychology
was focused on the development of healthy individuals. Abraham Maslow’s theory of
certain needs to be more important than other needs has been acknowledged around
the world as a theory for many things such as for motivation, to emplace order and
control in the work place and much more. Even though as years pass with more flaws
being found with his idea, the hierarchy of needs is still the most well-known and
recognized theory to date within the social science field. M

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X. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Soni Samta. Textbook of ADVANCE NURSING PRACTICE. I st edition. New
Delhi. Jaypee brothers medical publishers, 96-98
2. BT Basavanthappa. (2009). NURSING ADMINISTRATION. 2nd edition. New
Delhi. Jaypee brothers medical publishers(p) Ltd, 845-847
3. Brar Kaur Navdeep. (2015). Textbook of Advanced Nursing Practice. First
Edition. New Delhi. Jaypee publications,105-110
4. Basher P Shebeer. (2012). Textbook of Advanced Nursing Practice. First
edition. New Delhi. Emmess medical publishers,700-105

Journal references

1. Maslow, Abraham H. (1993). Theory Z. In Abraham H. Maslow, The farther

reaches of human nature, 270–286.

2.  Maslow, Abraham H. (1969). The farther reaches of human nature. Journal of
Transpersonal Psychology. 1-9.
3.  Maslow, Abraham H. (1971). The farther reaches of human nature. New York:
The Viking Press.
Internet source
1. www.google.com

2. www.Scribd.com

3. Wikipedia.com

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a theory of certain needs to be more important than other needs has as a theory place
and much more. Even though as years pass with more flaws being found with his idea,
the hierarchy of needs is still the most well known and recognized theory to date
within the social science

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