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WRITING POETRY
Poetry Vs. Verse
Poetry
- applied to the many forms in which
human beings have given rhythmic
expression to their intense perceptions of
the world , themselves, and relation of the
two.
- often being reserved for verse of high
merit.
Verse
has 2 senses:
1. the metrical line as a basic unit of
poetry
2. any form of metrical composition
- Refers to a metrical composition,
usually one with a regular rhyme and
rhythm but does not indicate its quality.
Poetry Vs. Prose
According to Stephen Minot, there are five
fundamental characteristics that distinguish
Poetry from Prose:
1. Using the poetic line rather than the
sentence as the primary unit
2. Relying more on images than in abstractions
3. Cultivating the sound of words
4. Developing rhythms of language
5. Creating density by implying far
more than is stated
2.1 Elements of the Genre
A. Essential Elements
A.1. Theme
- the central idea, the thesis,
the message a story conveys, or a
generalization or an abstraction
from it
A.2. Tone: The Attitude of the Poet towards the
audience
- refers to the intellectual and emotional attitudes of
the poet towards his or her intended audience
- there are many varieties of tone that an aspiring
poet can assume. He/she can be dead serious or
humorous, formal or casual, intimate or distant, solemn
or flippant, somber or cheerful, ironic or poignant,
deferential or condescending, among others.
Mood: The Attitude of the Poet towards the
Subject Matter
- is defined by some critics as a quality of
literature that is synonymous with tone, by others as
synonymous with atmosphere, and by still others as
synonymous with both.
-refer to the emotional and intellectual attitudes of
the author towards his/her subject matter in a given
literary work.
Atmosphere: The Dominant Emotional
Aura of the Poem
- in arts including literature, the term
atmosphere denotes the dominant mood or
emotional tone of a work, be it a painting, a
play, a ballet, a film, a novel, or a poem.
- in literature, atmosphere refers to the dominant
emotional aura or general feeling created in the
readers or audience by a work at any given point.
Example:
Mayag aco sa masiguing
Ang malubay na aquin
Malayo ang madarating.
Japanese Poetry
A. Haiku (light verse)
- is a traditional Japanese fixed poetic form
composed of three unrhymed lines comprising
seventeen syllables. The first and last syllable
contains five syllables each, while the middle
line contains seven syllables.
- Historically, the haiku evolved during the 17th
century from the hokku or opening verse of a
renga (linked verse).
- By convention, the haiku contains three
sections, a keriji or cutting word, usually
located at the end of one of the poem’s three
section and a kigo or a word that indicates the
season of the year or the time of the year.
- The three most famous practitioners of the haiku are
Matsuo Basho, Yosa Buson, and Kobayashi Issa, all of
whom belong to the Edo Period (1603-1868).
-Topic: Nature
Example:
Soon it will die,
Yet no trace of this
In the cicada’s screech
- Matsuo Basho
Mosquito-buzz Far-off mountain peaks
Whenever honeysuckle Reflected in its eyes:
Petals fall. The dragonfly.
In Burnham Park
I walk
With nobody to talk to
But myself.
c. Leonine rhyme is a special kind of internal
rhyming bet. the last stressed syllable before the
caesura (the natural pause or break in a line of
verse) and the last stressed syllable of the line.
Pride
Fire
Mire
Aside
3.Chain Rhyme is also know as interlocking
rhyme or chain verse. This type of set pattern is
most apparent in the Spenserian sonnet that has
the rhyme scheme abab, bcbc, cdcd, dede, ff.
Strand Assay Devise
Immortalize Fame Subdue
Hand Decay Eternize
Prey Likewise Name
4. Monorhyme
- Is a rhyme scheme in which all the lines of the
poem have an identical rhyme.
Spent
Went
meant
Invest
cent
5. Couplet refers to a couple of lines in poetry
that usually rhyme (aa) and have the aa .
See
thee
6. Triplet is a tercet in all three 1ines
follow the same rhyme that can be
schematically diagrammed as aaa
bbb ccc
Rhythm refers to the variation, or
alternation of strong and weak (or
stressed and unstressed) syllables or
elements in the flow of speech. Is a
derivative of the Greek word rhythmos
which means “measured mission.”
Meter is defined as the regular
recurrence or repetition of
rhythmic patterns or the rhythm
established by the consistent
occurrence of similar units of
sound.
4 Basic types of meters or rhythmic patterns:
1. Quantitative or classical meter, in which the
rhythm is produced by recurring patterns of long and
short syllables.
2. Accentual or sprung rhythm, in which the
rhythmic pattern is established by the presence of a
syllable marked by a strong stress or accent
regardless of the number of unstressed or
unaccented syllables surrounding the stressed or
accented syllable.
3. Syllabic, in which the rhythmic pattern is
created by the fixed number of syllables in
a line even if the occurrence of the accent
may vary
4. Accentual- syllabi, in which the
rhythmic pattern is formed both by the fixed
or nearly fixed number of accents and
syllables per line.
Foot – is the basic rhythmic unit within a line of
poetry.
Enjambment
- a term derived from the French which
means “to step over or put legs across.”
- refers to the refusal to follow the usual rules
of lineation.
- the thought or ideas being developed by the
poet naturally spills over or runs on from one
line to the next without a major pause or
syntactical break.
- do not typically have a punctuation marks.
- allows the poet to let his or her ideas flow
freely and more rhythmically.
Lineation
- denotes the length of the poetic lines in
relation to the line breaks, and it helps
determine the silhouette or shape of the
poem.
Long lines – produce a poem that has a
thick shape
Short lines – produce a poem that has a
thin silhouette
In the majority of traditional poetic forms,
the line breaks occur where the rhymes
are located and in the fulfilment of the
poems’ fixed meter, or the regular
occurrence or repetition of rhythmic
patterns, or the rhythmic patterns, or the
rhythm set forth or established by the
consistent occurrence of similar units of
sound.
C. Other Experimental Texts
c.1. Typography
- the general character or appearance of
printed matter.
- the style, arrangement, or appearance
of printed letters on a page
c. 2. Genre-crossing texts
(Prose Poetry/Poems,
Concrete Poetry and
Performance Poetry)
Prose Poetry/Poems
- is a variation of free verse, and
embodies the contemporary poets’
yearning for a more flexible medium of
expression. It is a hybrid literary form since
it utilizes elements and attributes that are
associated with both prose and poetry.
- Prose poetry shares with prose the
characteristics of being written in
sentences and paragraphs. In short, prose
poetry is a poetry that is not composed in
verse but contains other poetic qualities,
like rhythm, figures of speech, voice and
tone as well as mood and atmosphere.
The still born calf lies near the fence where its
mother licked the damp body, then
left it. All afternoon she has stood beside a large,
white rock in the middle of the
pasture. She nuzzles it with her heavy neck and will
not be lured away.