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Protonemata of mosses are composed of two cell types: chloronemata, which form upon germination, and
caulonemata, which later differentiate from chloronemata and on which buds are formed, which then
differentiate to gametophores.[3]
References
1. Life Cycle - in a nutshell - bryophyte (https://www.anbg.gov.au/bryophyte/life-cycle-in-nutshell.ht
ml)
2. Reski, R. (1998). "Development, Genetics and Molecular Biology of Mosses". Botanica Acta.
111 (1): 1–15. doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1998.tb00670.x (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1438-867
7.1998.tb00670.x).
3. Photoreceptors and Light Signalling (https://books.google.no/books?id=cG0oDwAAQBAJ&pg=
PA335&dq=%22Later+in+development,+chloronemata+differentiate+to+caulonemata+on+whic
h+buds+are+formed+which+then+differentiate+to+gametophores%22&hl=no&sa=X&ved=0ah
UKEwjFztSuodLeAhXFkCwKHZV9Cy8Q6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=%22Later%20in%20deve
lopment%2C%20chloronemata%20differentiate%20to%20caulonemata%20on%20which%20b
uds%20are%20formed%20which%20then%20differentiate%20to%20gametophores%22&f=fal
se)
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