Baybayin

Translation Tips

(Mga Payo)

Baybayin symbols differ from the English alphabet. With Baybayin, each symbol
represents a syllable, while each character in the English alphabet represents a sound.
What complicates matters is that not all sounds found in the English language (or
others) are represented in the Baybayin script. There are also few rules to follow as far
as using the Baybayin script with Tagalog words.

Though I'm no expert in Baybayin, I've compiled the following tips to help you use
my Baybayin CGI-script translator better. Most of these tips are based on my best
"guesstimates" and are not based on any books or studies. A few of the tips found here
are from the generous help given by Hector Santos, and are duly noted. If you wish to
learn more about the Baybayin Script and other ancient Filipino scripts, go to Hector's
website at http://www.bibingka.com.

 Using Baybayin with Tagalog

 Using Baybain with English

Using Baybayin with Tagalog

I've done my best to make my Baybayin CGI-script translate Tagalog words more
accurately. The CGI-script translates most Tagalog words without any problems.
However, there are still a few rules you need to keep in mind.

Use the Original Tagalog Alphabet

The original letters of the Tagalog alphabet that are represented in the Baybayin script
are as follows:

A B K D E G H I L M N NG O P S T U W Y

Where is the "R" you say? The letter "R", though part of the modern Tagalog
alphabet, is not represented in the Baybayin. Originally, I thought that the equivalent
of the letter "R" was the letter "L", but as Hector Santos writes:
Traditionally, /d/ and /r/ were interchangeable and were allophones in intervoacalic
positions (marumi and madumi). It only becomes a /l/ at the end and if the word id of
foreign origin.

Fortunately for you, the script makes the correction automatically, so go ahead and
type in those "R's".

Use Proper Hyphenation

Tagalog syllables come in either Vowel (V), Consonant-Vowel (CV), or Consonant-
Vowel-Consonant (CVC) format. This made it easier to write the CGI-script, but
caused some minor problems as well.

Someone correct me if I'm wrong, but if I remember my Tagalog classes correctly (It's
been 14 years since high school), the proper way to add a prefix to a word that starts
with a vowel is to hyphenate.

The Tagalog word for singer would be "mang-a-awit" and the CGI-script would
translate this properly as "ma a a wi", giving you the following symbols:

       
However, if you enter the word without the hyphens, "mangaawit", the CGI-script
would translate it as "ma nga a wi", giving you the following symbols:

       
The latter translation, though it drops one less consonant, is an incorrect
pronunciation.

Words that are doubled are also hyphenated. Words like "ilang-ilang" are translated
differently than if the hyphen were left out.

Spell It As It Is Pronounced
Some words you may need to play with a little. If you use the original Baybayin
script, the word "ng" will not be printed and the word "mga" will be printed as "ga".
Type in "nang" and "manga" to get the proper translation.

Be careful to spell words like "tanggap," "linggo" and other words with the "nga-ga"
combination properly. I notice many people misspell these words as "tangap" or
"lingo." This would produce an incorrect result. Eventhough "Lea Salonga" is the
proper spelling of a famous singer's name, using Baybayin, it should be spelled as
"Le-ya Sa-long-ga."
Modern Tagalog Words Rooted from Spanish or English
There are many different rules for these types of words, but I am not well versed in
them. However, Hector Santos provided me with a couple of them that I could share
with you:

...words like Francisco, cristiano, and Trinidad which were originally pronounced
Pa-ran-sis-co, ki-ris-ti-ya-no, and ti-ni-dad (and written as pa-da-si-ku, ki-di-ti-ya-
no, and ti-ni-da).

Syllables with Consonant-Consonant-Vowel form (e.g. "Tri") are either split and
made into 2 separate syllables by adding a vowel in between the two consonants, or
one of the consonants is dropped. So the word "trabaho" might be written as "ta-ra-ba-
ho," and my own last name, Quimson, could be spelled as "Ku-i-mi-so."

Using Baybayin with English

Alphabet Translation Tips

The Baybayin CGI-script will only process letters from the original Tagalog alphabet.
Only the following letters will be processed:

A B K D E G H I L M N NG O P R S T U W Y

Many sounds that are used in the English language are not found in Tagalog. I have
come up with the following table to help you find (what I believe to be) the closest
sounding match.

Sound or
Translation Tips
Character
"C" If followed by anything but an "I" or an
"E", use the letter "K".
"CI" or "CE" Use "SI" or "SE".
"CEI" Use "SI".
"CH" I have no direct translation for the "CH"
sound found in the word "church", but you
may use the letter "K" in place of the "CH"
found in the word "Christian".
"F" Use the letter "P".
"J" or The closest sound I can find in Tagalog is
"G" as in  the "diya" sound, where "jacket" becomes
"George" "diyaket" and "Joel" becomes "Diyo-el" or
"Diyowel". "George" would become
"Diyords" If used as part of a Spanish
word, "J" would become an "H".
 "Q" Use the letter "K".
"SH" The best I could come up with is to replace
the "SH" with "SIY". For example, type in
the word "shampoo" as "siyampu". If the
"SH" is found at the end of a word,
replacing "SH" with the letter "S" should
work.
"V" Use the letter "B".
"X" I have no suggestions for this sound.
"Z" Use the letter "Z".

Use the Spanish Version of the Baybayin Script

Foreign Languages such as English have more complicated rules than Tagalog. There
really is no easy way to write English words using the original Baybayin script. Using
the Spanish modified version would provide much cleaner results. If you would rather
use the original script, I suggest finding the direct Tagalog translation instead of
typing the actual foreign word or type in the word how it would be pronounced in
Tagalog instead of typing in the correct spelling. Here are a few examples:

company - kampani
bathroom - batrum
candy - kendi
Joseph - Diyosep
universe - yunibers

Remove Silent Letters

Do not type in silent letters. The name "Rosanne" would be translated by the CGI
script as "ro-sa-ne" if the correct spelling were entered. Though it would look closer to
the original, it would not be pronounced correctly. To get the closest translation, type
in "ro-san" instead. Make sure you use the Spanish version though, or "ro-san" will be
written as "ro-sa" in the original Baybayin.