Vax Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Detailed Design Calculations for 1 x 2.0m x 2.

lations for 1 x 2.0m x 2.0m RCC BOX CULVERT without earth cushion
Foundation & Structural Engineers

DETAILED DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR 1 x 2.0m x 3.0m (Vent Height) SIZE RCC BOX CULVERT

Data:
Inner dimensions of the box
Width = 2.000 m
Depth = 2.000 m
Thickness of the top slab = 0.250 m
Thickness of bottom slab = 0.250 m
Thickness of side walls = 0.250 m
Size of fillet at top = 0.15 x 0.15 m
Size of fillet at bottom = 0.15 x 0.15 m
Earth Cushion = 0.00 m
Av. Wearing Coat Cushion = 0.065 m to 0.2025 m
PCC Fill over Soffit Slab = 0.15 m
Earth Filling on Bottom Slab = 0.000 RL (+)
RL (+)
Av. Wearing Coat Cushion 0.065 m
0.25 RL (+)

0.25 1.600
RL (+)
2.000

0.150 RL (+)
0.25 RL (+)

Center line dimensions of box = 2.25 x 2.400 m

Loaded length = 2.25 m Projection of Bottom Slab on Each Side = 0.00 m
Width of Bottom Slab = 2.1 m

1) Dead Laod Calculations:

On Top Slab
Load due to top slab = 0.25 x 25 = 6.25 kN/m 2
Side Walls
2
Load Due to Side Walls
= 0.25 x 25 = 6.25 kN/m
Bottom Slab
2
Load due to bottom slab= 0.25 x 25 = 6.25 kN/m

2) Superimposed Dead Load Calculations:

Av. Wearing Coat Cushion = 0.1338 m
Density of Wearing Coat Material = 25.00 kN/m 3
Density of Soil Fill Material = 18.00 kN/m 3
Load due to Wearing Coat= 0.13375 x 25 = 3.34 kN/m 2
Load Due to Earth Cushion
= 0 x 18 0.00 kN/m 2
Total SIDL on the top slab = 3.344 + 0 = 3.344 kN/m 2

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3) Earth pressure & Surcharge Prsuure calculations:

Active Earth Pressure at any depth = = ka x g x h
Angle of repose of soil (φ ) = = 30 Deg
Density of soil ( g ) = 18 kN/m 3
Rankin's earth pressure 1 - sinφ
= 0.334
coefficient (k a ) = 1 + sinφ
=
However, take Earth pressure coefficient at rest 0.5
a) Earth Pressure Calculations:
2
At the middle of top slab0.5 x 18 x 0.3275 = 2.948 kN/m
2
at the middle of bottom 0.5
slabx 18 x 2.7275 = 24.548 kN/m
b) Surcharge pressure calculations:
As per IRC, 1.20m height of soil pressure shall be considered as surcharge pressure.
ka = 0.50
2
Surcharge pressure = = 0.5 x 18 x 1.2 = 10.8 kN/m
2
Earth Pressure + Surcharge Pressure at the C/L of top slab = 13.748 kN/m
2
Earth Pressure + Surcharge Pressure at the C/L of bot. slab = 35.348 kN/m

5) Live Load calculations:

The following assumptions were made in the live load calculations
1 The live load case to produce maximum moments in the top slab assuming the top slab as a fixed beam.
2 The equavalent uniformly distributed load shall be worked out to produce the moments specified above.

Following loads speciifed in IRC were considered in the design:

As the intensity of 70R - Track Loading is less than that due to Class AA - Track Loading, Class AA -
Track Loading only is considered. Detailed calculations are presented below.
a. Class 70 R - Wheeled Loading
b. Class 70 R - Tracked Loading
c. Class 70 R - Bogie loading

a. Class 70R Wheeled Loading:

Maximum Axle Load = 170 kN
Contact width of the Wheel
= (Transverse
0.86Direction)
m
Width of the Vehicle = 2.79 m (outer to outer of wheels of an axle)
C/C of Tyres in transverse direction (perpendicular to Traffic Direction) =
Dispersion width 1930 mm
As per cl.305.16.2 of IRC:21-2000, dispersion width is
b eff = a a (1 - a/l o ) + b 1
Where, b eff = Effective width of slab on which the load acts.
l o = effective span = 1.60 m, as per Clause 305.4 of IRC:21
a = distance of the C.G of the concentrated load from the nearer support
b 1 = Breadth of concentration of load.
b = With of the Slab = 12 m
b/l o = 7.50
Support Condition 1 Simply Supported Slab 2 Continuous Slab
Present Condition 2
a = 2.6 From Table in Clause No. 305.16 of IRC:21
lo = 2.25 m
b1 = 0.99 m

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Impact factor:
As per Cl. 208.3 of IRC:6-2010, impact factor for Class AA and 70R loading
For tracked vehicles
a) 25% for spans upto 12.0m
b) For spans more than 12.0m, in accordance with Figure 5 of IRC:6 - 2010
Hence, Impact Factor = 25 %
And as per Cl. 208.6 of IRC:6-2010, if filling is more than 0.6m including road crust, the impact
factor is 50% of that calculated as per Cl. 208.3 of IRC:6-2010.
As hight of fill is < 0.6 m
Hence,Clause
From for an 208.7
Effective Span of
of IRC:6 - 2010,2.25 m,bottom
if the ImpactSlab
Factor
is =deeper by
25 3.0m
% below soffit of the Top
Slab, Impact Effects need not be considered
Max. load placed at extream position :
Loads 85 85 85 85 60 60 40
Distances 1.37 3.05 1.37 2.13 1.52 3.96
85 85 85 85 60

1.37 3.05 1.37 2.13

2.25

INPUT DETAILS FOR CLASS 70R WHEEL LOADING:

Load 1 Load 2 Load 3 Load 4 Load 5
Total Tyre Load 85 85 85 85 60 kN
Width of tyre perpendicular to traffic 860 mm
b1 990 mm
The Wheels are moved by an interval of 0.25 m
Load 1 Load 2
Load Point
Case Point
Load,
No. a1 a 11 b eff, b eff1 Load, a2 a2 1 b eff, b eff1
kN,
kN, W1
W2
1 0.00 0.00 0.990 0.990 107.32 1.37 0.88 2.383 4.313 49.27
2 0.25 0.25 1.568 1.568 67.77 1.62 0.63 2.169 4.099 51.84
3 0.50 0.50 2.001 3.931 54.06 1.87 0.38 1.811 1.811 58.66
4 0.75 0.75 2.290 4.220 50.36 2.12 0.13 1.308 1.308 81.20
5 1.00 1.00 2.434 4.364 48.69
6 1.25 1.00 2.434 4.364 48.69
7 1.50 0.75 2.290 4.220 50.36
8 1.75 0.50 2.001 3.931 54.06
9 2.00 0.25 1.568 1.568 67.77
10 2.25 0.00 0.990 0.990 107.32

b. 70 R Track loading:
Total load = 700 kN
Contact length of track = 4.57 m
Contact width of track = 0.85 m
width of vehicle =
2.900 m (outer to outer of tracks)
C/C of Tracks in transverse direction (perpendicular to Traffic) = 2050 mm
Dispersion width of track:
As per cl.305.16.2 of IRC:21-2000, dispersion width is

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b eff = a a (1 - a/l o ) + b 1
Where a = distance of the C.G of the concentrated load from the nearer support
a = 2.6 From Table in Clause No. 305.16 of IRC:21
lo = 1.60 m
b1 = 0.98 m
Impact factor:
As per Cl. 208.3 of IRC:6-2010, impact factor for Class AA and 70R loading
For tracked vehicles
a) 25% for spans upto 5.0m
b) Linearly varying from 25% for 5m spans to 10% for spans of 9m
Impact Factor = 25 %
As hight of fill is < 0.6 m
Hence, Impact Factor = 25 %
Total length of the track is assumed to be divided into 5 equal concentrated Loads
Each Concentrated Load = 70 kN
Distance between the loads0.914
= m
Max. load placed at extream position :
Loads 70 70 70 70 70
Distances 0.914 0.914 0.914 0.914

70 70 70 70 70
0.914 0.914 0.914 0.914

2.25

INPUT DETAILS FOR CLASS 70R TRACK LOADING:

Load 1 Load 2 Load 3
Load
Case Poi
Point
No. Point nt
a a1 b eff, b eff1 Load, a a1 b eff, b eff1 a a1 b eff, b eff1
Load, kN Loa
kN
d,
11 0.00 0.00 0.980 0.980 89.29 0.914 0.914 1.999 1.999 43.77 1.828 0.422 1.79 1.79 49
12 0.25 0.25 1.528 1.528 57.25 1.164 1.086 1.887 1.887 46.37 2.078 0.172 1.38 1.38 63
13 0.50 0.50 1.874 1.874 46.70 1.414 0.836 2.018 2.018 43.36
14 0.75 0.75 2.016 2.016 43.40 1.664 0.586 1.946 1.946 44.97
15 1.00 1.00 1.955 1.955 44.76 1.914 0.336 1.670 1.670 52.39
16 1.25 1.00 1.955 1.955 44.76 2.164 0.086 1.192 1.192 73.43
17 1.50 0.75 2.016 2.016 43.40
18 1.75 0.50 1.874 1.874 46.70
19 2.00 0.25 1.528 1.528 57.25
20 2.25 0.00 0.980 0.980 89.29

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C. 40T Bogie loading:

Total load = 400 kN
Contact length of tye is calculated on the basis of 5.273kg/cm 2 for 5ton load on 410 x
610mm
Contact tyre
width of tyre (Perpendicular to traffic) = 360 mm
Contact length of tyre (Along the Traffic Direction)
= = 263.40 mm Say 264 mm
Contact length of tyre (Traffic Direction) = 0.264 m
Contact width of tyre (Transverse Direction) = 0.86 m
C/C of wheels in Transverse Direction = 1.93 m
C/C of axiles = 1.22 m
lo = 1.60 m
b1 = 0.99 m
a= 2.6 From Table in Clause No. 305.16 of IRC:21
i) Max. load placed at extream position :
Loads 100 100
Distances 1.22

100 100
1.22

2.25

INPUT DETAILS FOR CLASS 70R BOGEI LOADING:

Dispersion with of each concentrated load in span direction is calculated below:
Load 1 Load 2
Load
Case Point
Point
No. a a1 b eff, b eff1 a a1 b eff, b eff1 Load,
Load, kN
kN
21 0.00 0.00 0.990 0.990 126.26 1.22 1.03 1.944 3.874 32.27
22 0.25 0.25 1.538 1.538 81.25 1.47 0.78 2.029 3.959 31.57
23 0.50 0.50 1.884 1.884 66.36 1.72 0.53 1.912 1.912 65.39
24 0.75 0.75 2.026 3.956 63.20 1.97 0.28 1.591 1.591 78.59
25 1.00 1.00 1.965 3.895 64.18 2.22 0.03 1.067 1.067 117.2
26 1.25 1.00 1.965 3.895 64.18
27 1.50 0.75 2.026 3.956 63.20
28 1.75 0.50 1.884 1.884 66.36
29 2.00 0.25 1.538 1.538 81.25
30 2.25 0.00 0.990 0.990 126.26

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Sub-Soil Data:
3
Modulus of Sub-Grade Reaction = 5000 kN/m
2
SBC Of Sub-soil = 225 kN/m

Estimation of Spring Constants

0.125 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.275 0.125

0.275
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

SPRING VALUES ARE DETERMINED BELOW:

Spring No. Node No. Effectibve Width, m Spring Value, kN/m
1 1 0.2625 1312.50
2 2 0.3075 1537.50
3 3 0.34 1700.00
4 4 0.34 1700.00
5 5 0.34 1700.00
6 6 0.34 1700.00
7 7 0.3075 1537.50
8 8 0.2625 1312.50

Plane Frame Analysis is performed using STAAD package and SUMMARY OF RESULTS are Tabulated Below. And, steel
design at the critical Sections is also provided in the table below:

From Clause 208.7 of IRC:6 - 2010, if the bottom Slab is deeper by 3.0m below soffit of the Top Slab, Impact Effects need not
be considered, otherwise 50% of Impact Effects shall be considered.

Depth of Bottom of base Slab below Soffit of Top Slab = 2.2750 m

Effective Impact Factor for Bottom Slab = 20.221 % of actual Impact Factor
i.e. 5.055 %
Hence Multiflying Factor = 0.840

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VARIATION OF IMPACT EFFECTS ACROSS DEPTH

1.000 0.000

0.50 0.25

0.202 2.2750

3.650

Materials adopted:
Grade of Concrete M 30
Grade of steel Fe 500
t cmax = 2.2 N/mm 2
s cbc = 10 N/mm 2
s st = 240 N/mm 2
m = 10
k = 1/(1+(s st /m s cbc ))
k = 0.295
j = 0.902
2
Q = 1.331 N/mm

The Spring Values are taken from the STAAD OUT-PUT and the base pressures are estimated as below:

SPRING FORCES
LOAD CASE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
VLL - Case 1 34.76 34.58 29.89 21.67 13.62 5.69 -1.98 -6.61
VLL - Case 2 17.17 18.11 17.32 14.72 12.22 9.83 6.80 4.36
VLL - Case 3 8.26 10.07 11.69 12.32 13.05 13.90 13.41 12.04
VLL - Case 4 0.05 3.29 8.04 12.52 17.11 21.83 24.11 23.62
VLL - Case 5 5.55 6.09 6.20 5.70 5.24 4.85 4.05 3.24
VLL - Case 6 3.24 4.05 4.85 5.24 5.70 6.20 6.09 5.55
VLL - Case 7 0.94 2.07 3.61 4.97 6.36 7.82 8.42 8.14
VLL - Case 8 -1.56 -0.05 2.37 4.83 7.34 9.90 11.31 11.30
VLL - Case 9 -5.19 -2.92 1.09 5.44 9.83 14.30 17.03 17.38
VLL - Case 10 -13.35 -9.14 -1.24 7.63 16.58 25.64 31.47 32.62
VLL - Case 11 30.34 31.17 28.55 22.77 17.16 11.70 5.72 1.53
VLL - Case 12 12.08 14.61 16.81 17.57 18.47 19.52 18.71 16.72
VLL - Case 13 10.78 11.63 11.51 10.22 9.02 7.90 6.18 4.62
VLL - Case 14 6.12 7.46 8.67 9.14 9.71 10.35 9.99 8.98
VLL - Case 15 1.52 3.60 6.46 9.00 11.63 14.35 15.50 14.99

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VLL - Case 16 -5.23 -1.82 3.87 9.80 15.82 21.95 25.49 25.68
VLL - Case 17 0.77 1.69 2.95 4.06 5.20 6.40 6.89 6.66
VLL - Case 18 -1.29 -0.04 1.97 4.00 6.08 8.19 9.37 9.35
VLL - Case 19 -4.33 -2.44 0.91 4.53 8.19 11.92 14.20 14.49
VLL - Case 20 -11.11 -7.61 -1.03 6.35 13.79 21.33 26.19 27.14
VLL - Case 21 40.51 39.64 33.21 22.73 12.41 2.21 -7.19 -12.51
VLL - Case 22 21.31 21.54 19.18 14.63 10.20 5.86 1.42 -1.46
VLL - Case 23 12.67 13.56 13.25 11.58 10.01 8.53 6.43 4.61
VLL - Case 24 4.27 7.16 10.88 13.93 17.09 20.39 21.53 20.53
VLL - Case 25 -7.15 -1.98 6.57 15.40 24.36 33.49 38.69 38.88
VLL - Case 26 3.93 4.92 5.89 6.39 6.93 7.55 7.42 6.75
VLL - Case 27 1.13 2.48 4.33 5.95 7.63 9.38 10.10 9.76
VLL - Case 28 -1.86 -0.07 2.82 5.73 8.71 11.75 13.43 13.41
VLL - Case 29 -6.14 -3.45 1.29 6.43 11.63 16.92 20.15 20.57
VLL - Case 30 -15.71 -10.76 -1.47 8.98 19.51 30.16 37.03 38.37
DL 7.52 8.73 9.56 9.50 9.50 9.56 8.73 7.52
SIDL 1.69 1.97 2.16 2.16 2.16 2.16 1.97 1.69
EP -0.25 -0.08 0.12 0.22 0.22 0.12 -0.08 -0.25
Max due to VLL 40.51 39.64 33.21 22.77 24.36 33.49 38.69 38.88
Min due to VLL -15.71 -10.76 -1.47 4.00 5.20 2.21 -7.19 -12.51
Net Max 49.47 50.26 45.05 34.65 36.24 45.33 49.31 47.84
Net Min -6.75 -0.14 10.37 15.88 17.08 14.05 3.43 -3.55
Area 0.263 0.3075 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.3075 0.2625
Pressure, Min -25.71 -0.45 30.50 46.71 50.24 41.32 11.14 -13.51
Pressure, Max 188.5 163.46 132.51 101.90 106.58 133.33 160.37 182.24
Abs. Max. Pr. 188.45
Abs. Min Pr. -25.71

DESIGN FORCES
BOTTOM SLAB
BM, kNm/m Shear, kN/m
Load
Load Description LCs Right Units
Factor Support Span Left Support
Support
Dead Load 1.35 LC1 -5.21 8.28 -13.75 13.75
SIDL 1.35 LC2 -0.49 1.13 -1.13 1.13
EP 1.50 LC3 -14.79 -14.54 -0.33 0.33
LLSP 1.20 LC4
VLL Case 1 1.50 LC5 -12.40 22.66 -37.39 33.47
VLL Case 2 1.50 LC6 -13.41 24.98 -41.38 38.79
VLL Case 3 1.50 LC7 -13.12 20.46 -38.00 42.30
LC8 LC8 -48.49 24.88 -76.67 70.78
LC9 LC9 -50.00 28.36 -82.66 78.76
LC10 LC10 -49.56 21.59 -77.58 84.03
Design Force -50.00 28.36 -82.66 84.03

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SIDE WALL
Dead Load 1.35 LC1 5.21 2.61 1.53
SIDL 1.35 LC2 0.49 0.53 -0.03
EP 1.50 LC3 14.79 -26.64 57.46
LLSP 1.20 LC4
VLL Case 1 1.50 LC5 12.40 7.66 3.33
VLL Case 2 1.50 LC6 13.41 9.14 2.50
VLL Case 3 1.50 LC7 13.12 7.10 3.92
LC8 48.49 -24.23 93.21
LC9 50.00 -22.00 91.97
LC10 49.56 -25.06 94.09
Design Force 50.00 -25.06 94.09
TOP SLAB
Dead Load 1.35 LC1 0.02 -3.94
SIDL 1.35 LC2 0.58 -1.54
EP 1.50 LC3 16.53 16.53
LLSP 1.20 LC4
VLL Case 1 1.50 LC5 6.42 -19.74
VLL Case 2 1.50 LC6 7.00 -22.94
VLL Case 3 1.50 LC7 7.55 -24.73
LC8 35.23 -12.22
LC9 36.10 -17.02
LC10 36.92 -19.70
Design Force 36.92 -19.70

LC8 = 1.35 x LC1 + 1.35 x LC2 + 1.5 x LC3 + 1.2 x LC4 + 1.5 x LC5
LC9 = 1.35 x LC1 + 1.35 x LC2 + 1.5 x LC3 + 1.2 x LC4 + 1.5 x LC6
LC10 = 1.35 x LC1 + 1.35 x LC2 + 1.5 x LC3 + 1.2 x LC4 + 1.5 x LC7

Design Forces

Ultimate Moment, M u , kNm/m Ultimate Shear Force, Vu, kN/m

Element Thickness,
Description mm
At Support At Mid Span At Support At Mid Span

Top Slab 36.92 -19.70 250

Side Wall 50.00 -25.06 94.09 250
Bottom Slab -50.00 28.36 84.03 250

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DETAILED DESIGN OF CROSS SECTIONS

Top Slab Wall Bottom Slab Units
Item Description Mid Mid Mid
Support Support Support
Span Span Span
Depth of Section 250 250 250 250 250 250 mm
Width of Wall Considered 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 mm
Design Factored BM 36.92 19.70 50.00 25.06 50.00 28.36 kNm
Design Factored Shear Force 0.00 0.00 94.09 0.00 84.03 0.00 kN/m
Concrete 30 30 30 30 30 30 N/mm 2
Steel 500 500 500 500 500 500 N/mm 2
Design Factored BM 36.92 19.70 50.00 25.06 50.00 28.36 kNm/m
Strength of Concrete 30 30 30 30 30 30 N/mm 2
Strength of Steel 500 500 500 500 500 500 N/mm 2
Clear Cover 50 50 75 75 75 75 mm
Diameter of Ties 0 0 0 0 0 0 mm
No. of Layers 1 1 1 1 1 1 No.
Layer 1 - Diameter 12 10 12 10 12 10 mm
Layer 2 - Diameter 0 0 0 0 0 0 mm
Effective Cover 56 55 81 80 81 80 mm
Effective Depth 194 195 169 170 169 170 mm
2
M u /bd 0.981 0.518 1.751 0.867 1.751 0.981 N/mm 2
Percentage Steel required 0.270 0.140 0.499 0.237 0.499 0.270 %
Minimum steel required 0.0013 0.0013 0.0012 0.0012 0.0013 0.001 %
Steel required 524 273 843 404 843 459 mm 2
Steel Provided
Layer 1 - Diameter 12 10 16 16 12 10 mm
Spacing 140 140 140 140 140 140 mm c/c
Layer 2 - Diameter 16 0 12 0 16 0 mm
Spacing 140 250 140 250 140 200 mm c/c
Quantity of Steel Provided 2243 561 2243 1435 2243 561 mm 2 /m
Check SAFE SAFE SAFE SAFE SAFE SAFE
Provided Steel, p t 1.156 0.288 1.327 0.844 1.327 0.330 %
Limiting Depth of Neutral axis, x u,limit 88 89 77 78 77 78 mm
Assumed x u 22.00 22.00 45.00 22.00 45.00 22.00 mm
ξ st 0.027 0.028 0.010 0.024 0.010 0.024 mm/mm
f st 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 N/mm 2
x u check 89.80 22.45 89.80 57.47 89.80 22.45 mm
Check 1 REVISE SAFE REVISE SAFE REVISE SAFE
M ur 152.76 45.26 128.38 91.18 128.38 39.2 kNmm
Check 2 SAFE SAFE SAFE SAFE SAFE SAFE
Effective Depth for Shear 194.0 195.0 169.0 170.0 169.0 170.0 mm
Nominal Shear Stress 0 0.000 0.557 0.000 0.497 0.000 N/mm 2
N ed 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 kN
Ac 194000 195000 169000 170000 169000 170000 mm 2
σ cp 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 N/mm 2
Partial Safety Factor on Concrete, ϒ m 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
f cd 0.67 x f ck /ϒ m
13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40 13.40 N/mm 2

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0.2 x f cd 2.680 2.680 2.680 2.680 2.680 2.680 N/mm 2

σ cp shall be least of N ED /A c or 0.2f cd
Hence, σ cp 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 N/mm 2
0.5
K = 1 + (200/d) 2.015 2.013 2.088 2.085 2.088 2.085
ν 0.724 0.457 0.785 0.675 0.785 0.495 N/mm 2
3/2 1/2
ν min = 0.031 x K x f ck 0.486 0.485 0.512 0.511 0.512 0.511 N/mm 2
Shear Strength of Concrete 0.724 0.485 0.785 0.675 0.785 0.511 N/mm 2
V RD.c 140.5 94.5 132.7 114.8 132.7 86.9 kN
NOT
NOT NOT NOT NOT NOT
Requirement of Shear Reinforcement REQD
REQD. REQD. REQD. REQD. REQD.
.

Notes:
1 The above mentioned diameter of bars and spacings may be changed in the drawings maintaining the required
total steel at the cross sections
2 As the Internal Forces in Top Slab are arrived at based on the distribution of VLL as per Clause of IRC:21,
Shear Check need not be done
3 Maximum Spacing of bars in Slabs for main reinforcement is 250mm or 2h which ever is less and for distribution
steel it is 400mm or 3h which ever is less as per Cl.16.6.1.1 of IRC:112-2011.

4 Minimum Grade of Concrete in Severe Atmosphere is M30 as per Table 14.2 of IRC:112-2011.
5 Clear cover for elements with soil faces is of 75mm and for elements with other than soil faces is 50mm.
6 The development length and lap length are in accordence with Cl.15.2.3 and Table 15.4 of IRC:112-2011.
7 Maximum Spacing of vertical bars in walls shall not be more than 200mm and for horizontal bars it should not be
more than 300mm as per clause 16.3.1 and 16.3.2 of IRC:112-2011.
8 The total area of vertical reinforcement should be between 0.0024Ac and 0.04Ac outside the locations of laps of
vertical steel. This reinforcement should be provided on both sides but area of steel in each side should not be
less than 0.0012Ac, as per Cl. 16.3.1 of IRC:112-2011.

Government of Tamil Nadu

Highway Department