BOX CULVERT SECTION

4 Input data
4.1 Geometry of the section
Clear Width of the culvert Wc = 1.60 m
Clear Height of the culvert hc = 1.55 m
Thk. of top slab ts = 0.35 m
Thk. of wall tw = 0.35 m
Thk. of bottom slab tb = 0.35 m
Projection of bottom slab beyond wall face = 0.65 m
Length of the Cable tray = 0.00 m
No of tray on one side of the wall = 0 nos.

4.2 Material Properties

Grade of Steel Fe-500 fy = 500 N/mm2
Grade of concrete M-20 fcu = 20 N/mm2
Dia of main reinf provided = 12 mm
Density of concrete Yc = 25 KN/cum
Clear cover to reinf on facing earth = 40 mm
Clear cover to reinf on other face = 40 mm
Clear cover to reinf for Cover slab = 30 mm

4.3 Soil Properties ( As per Soil Investigation Report)

Density of soil Ye = 1800 Kg/cum = 18 KN/cum
Net SBC of soil at founding LVL = 8000 Kg/sqm = 80 KN/sqm
Density of Water Yw = 1000 Kg/cum = 10 KN/cum
Submerged density of soil Ysub = 800 Kg/cum = 8 KN/cum
Depth of Water Table hwt = 2m From ground
Height of Water hw = 2.000 m
Gross S.B.C.of soil at founding depth in dry condition = 80 +
= 80 KN/sqm
Gross S.B.C.of soil at founding depth = 80 +
in submerged condition = 80 KN/sqm
Angle of internal friction = 30 degree
= 0.52381 radians
Active Earth pressure Coeffi. at rest Condition, K0 = 0.5

4.4 Loads
w b
Contact area (m x m) = 0.5 x 0.25
Maximum wheel load at top P = 114 KN IRC-6,2000
effective width as per IRC 112
 beff = 𝛼a 1-a/lo + b1

lo = 1.60 m
a = 0.8 m
b1 = 0.8 m
b = 5m (width of road)
b/lo = 3.125
𝛼 3
beff = 2m

effective contact area = 2 x 0.85

= 1.7
Maximum load intensity at top of road, q = 67.06 KN/m2
Average top level of road = 0.3 m
Average level at top of Box Culvert = 0m
Thk of soil above culvert section tr = 0.3 m
Maximum load intensity at top of SL = P /Ad (increasing the load by 15%)
Box Culvert ie Surcharge load = 77.1 KN/m2
Weight of the cable per cable tray = 0 Kgs/m (Assuming tray support at
UDL due to cables on cable tray support = 0 Kgs/m 1 m c/c)
Point Load at the end (one tray) = 0 Kgs.

5 Loading on members: -
5.1 Top slab: In Dry Condition In Submerged Condition
Intensity of surcharge load = 77.12 KN/m2 = 77.12 KN/m2
Load due to super imposed earth Ye x tr = 5.4 KN/m2 = 2.4 KN/m2
Self weight of the slab ts x Yc = 8.75 KN/m2 = 5.25 KN/m2
Total intensity of load = 91.27 KN/m2 = 84.77 KN/m2
 5.2 Wall:
In dry condition
Pressure intensity at top Pt = SL x Ka+ka x Ye x (tr + ts/2)
= 42.83 KN/m2
Pressure intensity at bottom, Pb = Pt + Ka x Ye x (ts/2 + hc + tb/2)
= 59.93 KN/m2
In submerged condition
Pressure intensity at top Pt = SL x Ka+ka x Ysub x (tr + ts/2)+Yw x (tr + ts/2)
= 45.21 KN/m2
Pressure intensity at bottom, Pb = Pt + Ka x Ysub x (ts/2 + hc + tb/2)
+Yw x (ts/2 + hc + tb/2)
= 71.81 KN/m2

Moment due to Cable tray supports Mc = 0 x 0 x 0.0 ^2/ 2+

0 x 0.00
= 0 Kg.m
= 0.000 KN.m (Assuming at mid of wall)
5.3 Bottom Slab : In Dry Condition In Submerged Condition
Load/m length from top slab = 114.0 KN = 195.0 KN
Load/m length due to SW of wall = 27.125 KN = 16.275 KN
Load/m length due to SW of bot. slab = 90.00 KN = 54.00 KN
Load due soil on bottom slab projections = 51.48 KN = 22.88 KN
Total Load/m length = 282.6 KN = 288.1 KN
Intensity of load over bot. slab area = 78.50 KN/m2 = 80.03 KN/m2
< 80.00 KN/m2 < 80.00 KN/m2
Hence OK Not OK
Design is done for maximum loads.

0.350 0.350 w= 91.3 KN/m

B w2 = 45.2 KN/m 45.21 KN/m
A
0.35 A B

b=
0.950 1.900 m
1.550 1.900
1.950 m

a=
0.950

D C 0.35 D C
w3 = 71.81 KN/m 71.81 KN/m
1.60 0.65 w1= 80.0 KN/m
0.65 1.95

6 Check against floatation

6.1 Volume of Liquid displaced V = 1 x 2.300 x 2.250
+ 2 x 0.650 x 0.350 = 5.630 m3
Buoyant Force Fb =
56.3 KN
( Volume of Liquid displaced)='Fb=Yw*V
6.2 Total downward force (Checked in case of absence of soil on top slab)
Wt of top slab = 2.30 x 0.35 x 25 = 20.125 KN
Wt of bottom slab = 2.30 x 0.35 x 25 = 20.125 KN
Wt of walls =2x 1.55 x 0.65 x 25 = 50.375 KN
Wt of soil on top slab = 2.30 x 0x 18 = 0 KN
Wt of soil on bottom slab projection =2x 0.65 x 1.900 x 18 = 44.46 KN
FOS against buoyancy = 0.9W / Fb = 2.16 > 1.2 OK Total W = 135.09 KN
7 Analysis
7.1 Fixed end moments
Member AB MAB & MBA = w x l^2 /12
= 28.92044 KN.m
Member DC MDC & MCD = w1 x l^2 /12
= 25.36061 KN.m
Member BC & DA MBC & MAD = w2 x l^2 /12 +(w3-w2) x l^2/30 + Mc b x (2a -b)/l^2
= 16.80119 KN.m
MCB & MDA = w2 x l^2 /12 +(w3-w2) x l^2/20 + Mc a x (2b -a)/l^2
= 18.40162 KN.m
Moment due to projections at junction D & C = 27.2364 KN.m
7.2 Moment distribution at joints
Joint A B C D
Memb. AB AD BA BC CB CD DC DA
D.F. 0.49 0.51 0.49 0.51 0.51 0.49 0.49 0.51
-13.80 -13.4 13.44 13.80
C.O. 6.90 -6.90 6.72 -6.72
F.E.M. -28.9 16.8 28.9 -16.8 18.40 -25.4 25.36 -18.40
Bal. 5.98 6.1 -5.98 -6.14 3.52 3.43 -3.43 -3.52
C.O. -2.99 -1.76 2.99 1.76 -3.07 -1.72 1.72 3.07
Bal. 2.35 2.4 -2.35 -2.41 2.42 2.36 -2.36 -2.42
C.O. -1.17 -1.21 1.17 1.21 -1.20 -1.18 1.18 1.20
Bal. 1.18 1.21 -1.18 -1.21 1.21 1.18 -1.18 -1.21
C.O. -0.59 -0.60 0.59 0.60 -0.60 -0.59 0.59 0.60
Bal. 0.59 0.60 -0.59 -0.60 0.60 0.59 -0.59 -0.60
C.O. -0.29 -0.30 0.29 0.30 -0.30 -0.29 0.29 0.30
Bal. 0.29 0.30 -0.29 -0.30 0.30 0.29 -0.29 -0.30
F.M. -23.6 30.5 23.58 -30.48 7.49 -28.0 28.01 -7.49
23.58 23.58027
A B
30.48 30.4778
19.80

7.42 7.42

7.49 10.03 7.49

D C
28.01 28.01

B.M.DIAGRAM (KN.m)

8 Design of top slab

8.1 Flexural reinforcement
At top
B.M. at support = 23.58 KN-m
Partial load factor = 1.5
Ultimate moment Mux = 1.50 x 23.6
= 35.37 KN-m
Overall Depth D = 350 mm
Clear Cover = 40 mm
Diameter of bar = 12 mm
Effective Depth of the slab d = 304 mm
Factor Mux/bd2 R = 35.37 x 10^6 / (1000 x 304 ^2)
= 0.38
%age steel required pt = 0.090602 % sp 16
Minimum % of steel pt,min = 0.13
Area of steel required = 0.13 x ( 1000 x 350 )
= 455 mm2
Provide main reinforcement steel of dia 12 mm @ 175 mm at top of slab

Area of steel provided = 646.3 mm2 OK 455 mm2

%age of the steel provided at top pt pro = 0.25 %
At bottom
B.M. at mid span = 19.80 KN-m
Partial load factor = 1.5
Ultimate moment Mux = 1.50 x 19.80
= 29.70 KN-m
Overall Depth D = 350 mm
Clear Cover = 30 mm
Diameter of bar = 12 mm
Effective Depth of the slab d = 314 mm
Factor Mux/bd2 R = 29.70 x 10^6 / (1000 x 314 ^2)
= 0.30
%age steel required pt = 0.070968 %
Minimum % of steel pt,min = 0.13
Area of steel required = 0.13 x ( 1000 x 350 )
= 455 mm2
Provide main reinforcement steel of dia 12 mm @ 175 mm at bottom of slab

Area of steel provided = 646.27 mm2 OK 455 mm2

%age of the steel provided at bottom pt pro = 0.24 %
 Distribution steel
Minimum % of steel pt,min = 0.13
Area of steel required = 0.13 x ( 1000 x 350 )
= 455 mm2
Provide main reinforcement steel of dia 10 mm @ 150 mm

Area of steel provided = 523.60 mm2 OK 455 mm2

8.2 Check for shear
End reaction = 91 x 1.950 /2
= 88.99 KN
Shear force at critical section ie face of wall = 73.01 KN
Partial load factor = 1.5
Effective Depth of the slab d = 304 mm
Factored shear stress = 0.36 N/mm2
%age of the steel provided at top pt pro = 0.25 % at top
Permissible shear stress = 0.37 N/mm2 Hence OK

9 Design of bottom slab

9.1 Flexural reinforcement
At bottom
B.M. at support = 28.01 KN-m
Partial load factor = 1.5
Ultimate moment Mux = 1.50 x 28.0
= 42.01 KN-m
Overall Depth D = 350 mm
Clear Cover = 50 mm
Diameter of bar = 12 mm
Effective Depth of the slab d = 294 mm
Factor Mux/bd2 R = 42.01 x 10^6 / (1000 x 294 ^2)
= 0.49
%age steel required pt = 0.115766 %
Minimum % of steel pt,min = 0.13
Area of steel required = 0.13 x ( 1000 x 350 )
= 455 mm2
Provide main reinforcement steel of dia 10 mm @ 200 mm at bottom

Area of steel provided = 471.2 mm2 OK 455 mm2

%age of the steel provided at top pt pro = 0.16 %
At top
B.M. at mid span = 10.03 KN-m
Partial load factor = 1.5
Ultimate moment Mux = 1.50 x 10.0
= 15.05 KN-m
Overall Depth D = 350 mm
Clear Cover = 30 mm
Diameter of bar = 12 mm
Effective Depth of the slab d = 314 mm
Factor Mux/bd2 R = 15.05 x 10^6 / (1000 x 314 ^2)
= 0.15
%age steel required pt = 0.035659 %
Minimum % of steel pt,min = 0.13
Area of steel required = 0.13 x ( 1000 x 350 )
= 455 mm2
Provide main reinforcement steel of dia 10 mm @ 200 mm at top

Area of steel provided = 471.24 mm2 OK 455 mm2

%age of the steel provided at bottom pt pro = 0.15 %

Distribution steel
Minimum % of steel pt,min = 0.13
Area of steel required = 0.13 x ( 1000 x 350 )
= 455 mm2
Provide reinforcement steel of dia 10 mm @ 200 mm at bottom of slab

Area of steel provided = 471.24 mm2 OK 455 mm2

9.2 Check for shear
End reaction = 80 x 1.950 /2
78.03 KN
Shear force at critical section ie face of wall = 53.70 KN
Partial load factor = 1.5
Effective Depth of the slab d = 294 mm
Factored shear stress = 0.27 N/mm2
%age of the steel provided at top pt pro = 0.16 % at bottom
Permissible shear stress = 0.32 N/mm2 Hence OK
 9.3 Projection of bottom slab
B.M. at mid span = 16.91 KN-m
Partial load factor = 1.5
Ultimate moment Mux = 1.50 x 16.9
= 25.36 KN-m
Overall Depth D = 350 mm
Clear Cover = 50 mm
Diameter of bar = 12 mm
Effective Depth of the slab d = 294 mm
Factor Mux/bd2 R = 25.36 x 10^6 / (1000 x 294 ^2)
= 0.29
%age steel required pt = 0.069091 %
Minimum % of steel pt,min = 0.13
Area of steel required = 0.13 x ( 1000 x 350 )
= 455 mm2

Provide main reinforcement steel of dia 10 mm @ 200 mm at bottom

Area of steel provided = 471.2 mm2 OK 455 mm2

%age of the steel provided at bottom pt pro = 0.16 %

9.4 Check for shear for projection P

End reaction = 80 x 0.650
52.02 KN
Shear force at critical section ie face of wall = 52.02 KN
Partial load factor = 1.5
Effective Depth of the slab d = 294 mm
Factored shear stress = 0.27 N/mm2
%age of the steel provided at top pt pro = 0.16 % at bottom
Permissible shear stress = 0.32 N/mm2 Hence OK

10 Design of wall
10.1 Flexural reinforcement
On outer side
B.M. at support = 30.48 KN-m
Partial load factor = 1.5
Ultimate moment Mux = 1.50 x 30.5
= 45.72 KN-m
Overall Depth D = 350 mm
Clear Cover = 50 mm
Diameter of bar = 10 mm
Effective Depth of the slab d = 295 mm
Factor Mux/bd2 R = 45.72 x 10^6 / (1000 x 295 ^2)
= 0.53
%age steel required pt = 0.125 %
Minimum % of steel pt,min = 0.13
Area of steel required = 0.13 x ( 1000 x 350 )
= 455 mm2

Provide main reinforcement steel of dia 10 mm @ 200 mm on outer side

Area of steel provided = 471.2 mm2 OK 455 mm2

%age of the steel provided at top pt pro = 0.16 %

 On inner side
B.M. at mid span = 7.42 KN-m
Partial load factor = 1.5
Ultimate moment Mux = 1.50 x 7.42
= 11.13 KN-m
Overall Depth D = 350 mm
Clear Cover = 30 mm
Diameter of bar = 10 mm
Effective Depth of the slab d = 315 mm
Factor Mux/bd2 R = 11.13 x 10^6 / (1000 x 315 ^2)
= 0.11
%age steel required pt = 0.026133 %
Minimum % of steel pt,min = 0.13
Area of steel required = 0.13 x ( 1000 x 350 )
= 455 mm2
Provide main reinforcement steel of dia 10 mm @ 200 mm on inner side

Area of steel provided = 471.24 mm2 OK 455 mm2

%age of the steel provided at bottom pt pro = 0.15 %

Distribution steel
Minimum % of steel pt,min = 0.13
Area of steel required = 0.13 x ( 1000 x 350 )
= 455 mm2
Provide main reinforcement steel of dia 10 mm @ 200 mm at bottom of slab
Area of steel provided = 471.24 mm2 OK 455 mm2

10.2 Check for shear

End reaction at bottom = 45.2 x 1.900 /2 +
7/20 x 26.60 x 1.900
= 60.64 KN
Shear force at critical section ie face = 52.73 KN
Partial load factor = 1.5
Effective Depth of the slab d = 295 mm
Factored shear stress = 0.27 N/mm2
%age of the steel provided at top pt pro = 0.16 %
Permissible shear stress = 0.32 N/mm2 Hence OK

11 Summary
Top slab
Thickness = 350 mm
Top reinforcement = 12 mm dia @ 175 mm c/c
Bottom reinforcement = 12 mm dia @ 175 mm c/c
Distribution reinforcement (Top & bottom) = 10 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c

Bottom slab
Thickness = 350 mm
Top reinforcement = 10 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c
Bottom reinforcement = 10 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c
Distribution reinforcement (Top & bottom) = 10 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c

Walls
Thickness = 350 mm
Outer reinforcement = 10 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c
Inner reinforcement = 10 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c
Distribution reinforcement (on both faces) = 10 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c