Design of ABUTMENT System - GROUP GA1: Vax Consultants Pvt. LTD.

Vax Consultants Pvt. Ltd.
, Construction of Grade Separator at Medavakkam

Foundation & Structural Engineers Detailed Design Calculations for Abutment Group - GA1
Design of ABUTMENT System - GROUP GA1

GENERAL DATA
Refer the Statement of Levels for the Abutment Group. The Abutment is designed for a total height of 8.50m
Road crest level = 105.795 m (Highest Level)
Depth of Construction = 2.000 m
Design HFL = 95.000 m
Top of Abutment Cap = 103.233 m
Bottom of Abutment Cap = 102.933 m
Design foundation Level = 97.398 m
Lowest Bed Level = 100.898 m
DESIGN DATA
Number of traffic lanes = 3 nos
Carriage-way width = 11 m
Crash barriers are provided on both sides
Width of footpaths = 0m
Width of Crash Barrier = 0.5 m
Width of Hand Rails = 0m
Overall width of deck = 12.00 m
Length of Abutment = 12.00 m
C/C Distance of Piers = 20.00 m
Expansion Joint width = 40 mm
Overall span (Excluding expansion gap) = 19.96 m
Effective span (C/C of bearings) = 19.40 m
Type of super-structure = IN-SITU GIRDERS Cum DECK SLAB
Width of bearing = 360 mm
Length of bearing = 500 mm
Width of Pedestal (Transeverse Dir.) = 0.8 m
Length of Pedestal (along bridge) = 0.55 m
Height of bearing Pedestals = 150 mm, Min. & 356 mm Maximum
Thickness of bearing = 96 mm
Number of bearings per span = 8 Nos.
Number of pedastals per span = 8 Nos.
Spacing of Longitudinal Girders 2.75 m
Cantilever Projection, beyond End Long. Girders = 1.875 m
Wearing coat thickness = 75 mm
Materials used (Uniform
Grade of concrete M 35
Grade of steel Fe 500
Density of Concrete 25 kN/m3
Density of Soil 18 kN/m3
Divisional Engineer,
Chennai Metro Development Project - III, Division - IV,
Alandur, Chennai
Vax Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Construction of Grade Separator at Medavakkam
As per Annexure A-1 of IRC:112-2011, following categories of ACTIONS are considered in the Design:
I - PERMANENT ACTION
A) PERMANENT ACTION - G
G1 Self Weight of Pier System due to Gravity
G2 Dead Load of Structure due to Gravity
G3 Back-Fill Weight
Fep Earth Pressure, Fep
Fs Secondary effects, such as Creep and Shrinkage, Fs
B) VARIABLE GRAVITY LOADS TREATED AS PERMANENT LOADS
G4 Superimposed Dead Loads - Hand Rail, Crash Barriers, Road Furniture,
Footpaths and other service loads
G5 Surfacing & Wearing Coat (Resurfacing Loads may also be considered)
C) QUASI PERMANENT LOADS
T Temparature Load (A load that acts for 50% or more duration during
the structure's Life)
II - VARIABLE ACTIONS
A) DUE TO VEHICULAR MOVEMENT
Q Vehicular Live Load due to Gravity
Qim Impact Load due to Vehicular Gravity Loads
Longitudinal Loads
Fh Braking Force
Ff Bearing Friction
Fcf Centrifugal Force
Qfpl Pedestrian/Foot Path Load
Fcp Live Load Surcharge Pressure
B) DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
W Wind Load
C) DUE TO HYDRAULIC ACTIONS
Gb Buoyancy Effects
Fwc Water Current Forces
III - ACCIDENTAL ACTIONS

A) IMPACT OF EXTERNAL BODIES
Vc Vehicle Collision on elements of Bridge Structure
B) SEISMIC HAZARDS
Inerta Loads due to Self-mass generated in bridge structure due to
ground motion
Inertial Loads due to mass of Vehicular Loads
Increase in Earth Pressure
The above listed forces are determined in detail and presented below.
Alandur, Chennai
G1 SELF WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT SYSTEM

Dimensions of abutment are as below, refer the sketch attached for description of various dimensions:
300 300
300 105.795
300
300 103.233
300
150
300
2.035
600
100.898
1.500
Thickness of Return Wall 99.398
750 mm
0.750
98.148 98.648
500
500
750
750
97.398
500
2000 900 2600 X
5500
Dimensions Distance Mx
Weight
Item Description from X, in
(kN)
Nos. Length (m) Breadth (m) Height (m) m kNm
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (7) (8) (9)

Dirt wall 1 12.00 0.300 2.562 230.55 3.350 772.3
Brackets: Rectangular portion 1 12.00 0.300 0.300 27.00 3.650 98.6
Triangular portion 0.5 12.00 0.300 0.300 13.50 3.600 48.6
Pedestals 4 0.800 0.550 0.150 6.60 2.900 19.1
Bed Block 1 12.00 1.050 0.300 94.50 2.975 281.1
Abutment Stem
Rectangular portion 1 12.00 0.900 4.285 1157.1 3.050 3529
Triangular Portion 0.5 12.00 0.500 0.750 56.25 2.433 136.9
Foundation Rectangular Portion 1 12.00 1.400 1.250 525.00 2.800 1470
Return Wall System
Rectangular Portion 2 2.000 0.750 7.147 536.0 5.000 2680
Triangular Portion 1 2.000 0.750 0.500 18.75 4.833 90.6
Heel Slab Portion 0.00
Rectangular Portion 1 12.00 2.000 0.750 450.00 4.500 2025
Alandur, Chennai

Toe Slab Portion 0.00
Rectangular Portion 1 12.00 2.100 0.75 472.50 1.050 496.1
Total 3895.2 12493
CG of abutment system acts at a distance, x from Point X = 3.207 m
Self Wt. upto Top of Fdn = 1585.45 kN
Mx due to self wt. upto top of Fdn. = 4885.639 kNm
G2 SUPERSTRUCTURE DEAD LOAD

The superstructure is proposed to be Tee-Beam Girders and in-situ RCC Slab system. The superstructure design is
covered under Separate Design Report. The total width of deck is 12.0m catering to three lane traffic and with
crash barriers on both sides.
Analysis results are separately obtained for w/c loads
STAAD analysis of the superstructure is conducted and the reactions on the sub-structure pedestals due to Dead
Load (DL) of superstructure, Superimposed Dead Load (SIDL) and W/C loads are obtained and the same are
tabulated below. The analysis files are provided in Attachment A1.
DL effects on
Pedestal and Reaction
Abutment
identification
System
On Pedestal, R1 415.60
Total 1587.00
G3 BACK-FILL WEIGHT
Width of Heel Slab = 2.000 m
Length of Foundation = 12.000 m
FRL = 105.795 m
Foundation Level = 97.398 m
Top of Foundation Level = 98.648 m
Weight of Soil
Rectangular portion = 3087.504 kN,
acts at 4.500 m away from Point X
Triangular Portion = 108.000 kN
3
Unit Weight of Soil overburden = 18 kN/m
Total Soil Overburden Weight = 3195.50 kN
Weight of soil on Toe Slab is also considered. Top 1.0m thickness of soil is ignored as there can be occasions when
such depth of excavation may take place during service stage for taking service lines through in the vicinity of
Abutments.
Width of Toe Slab = 2.600 m
Length of Foundation = 12.000 m
Ground Level = 100.898 m
Foundation Level = 97.398 m
Top of Foundation Level = 3.650 m
Weight of Soil
Alandur, Chennai
Rectangular portion - 1 = 567.000 kN,

Rectangular portion - 2 = 54.000 kN,
Triangular Portion - 1 = 40.500 kN
Triangular Portion - 2 = 226.800 kN
Total Soil Overburden Weight on Toe Slab = 888.30 kN

Total Weight of Soil Overburden - both on Heel and Toe Slab

= 4083.804 kN
Fep EARTH PRESSURE, Fep

As per Coulomb's Earth pressure theory
Ka=
Sin2(a + f)/Sin2a.Sin(a - d)(1+sqrt.(Sin(f + d).Sin(f - b)/Sin(a - d) Sin(a + b)))2, Where
a = 90 deg 1.571 rad
b = 0 deg 0.000 radions
f = 30 deg 0.524 rad
d = 20 deg 0.349 rad
2
Sin (a + f) = 0.750
Sin2a.sin(a - d) = 0.940
Sin(f + d).sin(f - b) = 0.383
Sin(a - d) sin(a + b) = 0.940
ka = 0.2973
Height of Embankment Fill above Foundation = 8.3970 m
Height of Embankment Fill upto root of Stem = 7.1470 m
Pressure ordinate at the root of Abutment Stem = 38.248 kN/Sq.m.
Pressure ordinate at Fdn. Level = 44.938 kN/Sq.m.
Total active earth pressure force, at Fdn Level = 188.671 kN/m
Active Earth Pressure acts at 3.527 m, away from point X, at an inclination of
20 Degrees with horizontal
Total Horizontal component = 2127.52 kN, acts at 3.527 m above Point X
Total Vertical component = 774.35 kN, acts at 3.500 m from Point X
However, the effect of Vertical force is ignored to be on conservative side
Moment at Point X due to Horizontal Component = 7503 kNm
Moment at Point X due to Vertical Component = 2710.2 kNm
However, the effect of Vertical force is ignored to be on conservative side
Moment about point X = 7503 kNm
Alandur, Chennai
G4 SIDL SUCH AS HAND RAILS, CRASH BARRIERS, FOOTPATHS& OTHER SERVICE LOADS
Support Reactions due to SIDLs are obtained from the STAAD Analysis and presented below:
Pedestal and Reaction SDL effects,

identification except w/c
Total 154.700
G5 SURFACING & WEARING COAT LOADS (Resurfacing Loads may also be considered)
Support Reactions due to W/C are obtained from the STAAD Analysis and presented below:
Pedestal and Reaction loads due to
identification w/c
Total 74.84
T TEMPARATURE LOADS (A load that acts for 50% or more duration during the structure's Life)
No such loads act on the Supports
Q VEHICULAR LIVE LOAD DUE TO GRAVITY &

Qim IMPACT LOAD DUE TO VEHICULAR GRAVITY LOADS
ONE SPAN LOADED CONDITION:
All IRC Vehicles are kept longitudinally on superstructure in such a way to get maximum reaction on pier
system under consideration and reactions are found. The same are tabulated below:
Pedestal Loads
R1 R2 R3 R4
70R W 462.31 443.88 -16.11 -6.83
70RW + Class A 456.43 446.42 145.87 169.74
70RT 348.88 378.96 -30.79 1.98
70RT + Class A 343 381.5 131.2 178.54
Class A - One Lane 333.07 7.55 -0.44 -4.98
Class A - Two Lanes 347.61 220.78 117.5 -15.49
Class A - Three Lanes 341.73 223.31 279.49 161.08
Alandur, Chennai
Axial MT,
LL Case Axial Load, P MT, kNm Impact
Load, P kNm
Factor (%)
With Impact Without Impact
70R W 748.52 2567.69 18.00 634.34 2176.0
70RW + Class A 1032.59 1595.85 18.00 875.07 1352.4
70RT 635.48 1994.37 10.00 577.71 1813.1
70RT + Class A 940.22 1022.56 10.00 818.45 929.6
Class A - One Lane 284.07 1405.44 18.00 240.74 1191.1
Class A - Two Lanes 568.14 1639.80 18.00 481.47 1389.7
Class A - Three Lanes 852.21 667.93 18.00 722.21 566.0
Fh BRAKING FORCE CALCULATIONS

Provisions of Clause 211 of IRC:6-2010 are followed.
One Side Loaded Condition
Reaction Reaction on
Reaction due
Vehicular LL Case due to third Braking Pedestal, kN
to 2-Lane
Lane Force, kN
Loading Horizontal Vertical
Loading
70R W 1000.00 0.00 100.00 25.00 8.49
70RW + Class A 1000.00 540.00 113.50 28.38 9.64
70RT 700.00 0.00 70.00 17.50 5.95
70RT + Class A 700.00 540.00 83.50 20.88 7.09
Class A - One Lane 540.00 0.00 54.00 13.50 4.59
Class A - Two Lanes 1080.00 0.00 108.00 27.00 9.17
Class A - Three Lanes 1080.00 540.00 121.50 30.38 10.32
Reduction as provided in Clause 205 of IRC:6 - 2010 is not applied.
Ff BEARING FRICTION
Secondary effects are due to temperature and shrinkage.
Refer Clause no. 211 of IRC:6-2010
Shrinkage strain = 0.0002
Coefficient of thermal expansion = 0.0000117
Maximum temperature variation = 17.5 deg.
Temperature Strain = 0.00020475
Total Strain = 0.00040475
Total change in the length of the longitudinal girder = 8.08 mm
Design change in length (10% more is considered) = 8.89 mm
Change in length effective per support = 4.44 mm
Details of Bearings Adopted are:
Length lo = 500 mm
Breath bo = 360 mm
Overall Thickness = 96 mm
Side cover, c = 6 mm
Outer Cover he = 6 mm
Number of layers of neoprane = 5 nos.
Number of Steel Plates = 6 Nos.
Thickness of Elastomer hi = 12 mm
Thickness of steel plates hs = 4 mm
Alandur, Chennai
Effective Width of Bearing = 348 mm

Effective Length of Bearing = 488 mm
Effective thickness of Baering = 72 mm
Shear strain in bearing = 0.06171
Shear Modulus of Bearing Material = 1.00 N/mm2
Shear Stress in Bearing = 0.06171 N/mm2
Total number of bearings/Span/Support = 4 Nos.
Induced shear force at the bottom of bearing = 41.921 kN
Horizontal load on each support (in longitudinal direction)
= 41.921 kN
This force acts at RL (+) 103.479 m
Horizontal load on each pedestal (in longitudinal direction)
= 10.480 kN
Fcf CENTRIFUGAL FORCE

Centrifugal Force, C = W x V2/(127 x R), where
W = Vehicular Live Load on Abutment in kN
As listed in the Table below
V = Design Speed of the vehicle, in Kmph
100 kmph
R = Radious of Curvature in meters
= 0m
acts @ RL (+) 106.995 m
MT at
MT at Top of
Reaction on Centrifugal Foundatio
Live Load Case Foundation
Pier, W, kN Force, C, kN n Level,
Level, kNm
kNm
70R W 1000.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
70RW + Class A 1540.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
70RT 700.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
70RT + Class A 1240.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
Class A - One Lane 540.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
Class A - Two Lanes 1080.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
Class A - Three Lanes 1620.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
Qfpl PEDESTRIAN/FOOTPATH LIVE LOADS

The Bridge deck does not carry Footpaths
Alandur, Chennai
Fcp LIVE LOAD SURCHARGE PRESSURE
Clause 217.3 of IRC:6 states that if adequate length of approach slab is provided, no Live Load Surcharge need to be
considered.
However,Cl.714.4 of IRC:78 states that a Live Load Surcharge equivalent to 1.2 m height of backfill shall be
considered in the design. Hence, the same is considered.
Lateral pressure = 6.422 kN/Sq.m.
Total lateral load = 647.10 kN, at bottom of foundation and it acts at an inclination of
20 Degrees with horizontal
= 550.77 kN, at top of Foundation and acts at
At Bottom of Foundation 20 degrees with horizontal
Horizontal component = 608.08 kN, acts at 4.1985 m above point X
And, vertical component = 221.32 kN acts at 3.500 m from point X
This component is ignored, to be on conservative side
Moment about Point X = 2553.02 kNm, at bottom of pile cap
W WIND LOAD CALCULATIONS

Clause 209 of IRC:6 are followed in determining the Wind Load Effects on the bridge elements.
Span Details for Estimating Wind Forces
On Left Side = 19.96 m
Height of the crash barrier/parapet wall = 1.00 m
Lowest Bed Level = 100.898 m
Height of the structure above the existing ground level = 5.897 m
Terrain Category = 1
PLAIN TERRAIN
Hourly Mean Speed of WIND, Vz = 27.800 m/Sec
Horizontal Wind Pressure, Pz = 463.700 N/m2
2
0.464 kN/m
Wind Zone = 3
Basic Wind Speed as per Figure 6 of IRC:6 - 2010 = 47 m/Sec
Multiplying Factor for Wind Zone Effect = 1.424
WIND FORCES ON SUPERSTRUCTURE
Design Transverse Wind Force, FT = PZ x A1 x G x CD, where
Pz = Hourly Mean Wind Pressure, in N/m2
0.660 kN/m2
A1 = Solid Area of Exposure
2
29.940 m , on Left Side Span
2
0.000 m , on Right Side Span
2
Total Area, A1 29.940 m
G = Gust Factor
2
CD = Drag Coefficient
Type of Superstructure = 2 DECK GIRDER SYSTEM
CD = Calculated As Below
Width of the Deck = 12.00 m
Depth of Construction = 2.000 m
Ratio = 6.0
Hence, CD = 1.95
Alandur, Chennai
Transverse Force On Left Side Superstructure = 77.11 kN

Transverse Force On Right Side Superstructure 0.00 kN
Design Transverse Wind Force on Superstructure = 77.11 kN
acts @ RL (+) 105.30 m
Longitudinal Fforce On Left Side Superstructure = 19.28 kN, as per Clause 209.3.4 of IRC:6
Longitudinal Force On Right Side Superstructure = 0.00 kN, as per Clause 209.3.4 of IRC:6
Design longitudinal Wind Force = 19.28 kN
acts @ RL (+) 105.30 m
Design Wind Lift Force, FL = PZ x A3 x G x CL, where

0.927 kN/m2
A3 = Area of Exposure in Plan
119.760 m2, on Left Side Span
Total Area, A3 119.76 m2

G = Gust Factor
2
CL = Drag Coefficient
0.75
Design Wind Uplift Force on Left Side Superstructure = 166.60 kN
Design Wind Uplift Force on Right Side Superstructure = 0.00 kN
Total Design Wind Uplift Force on Superstructure = 166.60 kN
Alandur, Chennai
WIND FORCES ON MOVING VLL
Design Transverse Wind Force, FT = PZ x A1 x G x CD, where

0.660 kN/m2
A1 = Solid Area of Exposure
2
29.94 m , as per clause 209.3.6 of IRC:6 - 2010
Thus, Wind Load on VLL does not depend on the Type of Vehicle, it depends only on the span arrangement
G = Gust Factor
2
CD = Drag Coefficient, (As per Clause 209.3.6 of IRC:6)
1.2
Design Transverse Wind Force on Superstructure = 47.46 kN
Design longitudinal Wind Force = 11.86 kN, as per Clause 209.3.4 of IRC:6
acts @ RL (+) 107.30 m
WIND FORCES ON SUB-STRUCTURE ELEMENTS

The exposed surfacees of the abutment are the abiutment walls and return walls
FRL = 105.795 m
Bed/Ground Level = 100.898 m
Wdith of exposed face of Abutment = 2.900 m
Skew Angle = 0.000 radians
Exposed Width of Abutment = 2.90 m
Exposed Area of Abutment System = 14.20 Sq.m.
Drag Coefficient for Abutment = 1.20 Drag Coefficient, (As per Clause 209.3.6 of I
Gust Factor = 2
Wind Force on Abutment = 22.51 kN
Acts @ RL (+) 103.347 m
Total Wind Effects are summarized below - One Spans existing

Transverse Longitudinal Vertical
Element Details Force, Acts @
Force, kN Acts @ RL Force, kN Acts @ RL
kN RL
On Superstructure 77.115 105.295 19.279 105.295 83.299
On VLL 47.455 107.295 11.864 107.295
On Abutment System 22.509 103.347 5.627 103.347
147.079 36.770 83.299
Alandur, Chennai
Gb BUOYANCY EFFECTS:
100% buoyancy effects are considered and the calculations are provided below. Self weight of the abutment system
and self weight of soil overburden decreases due to buoyancy and the effects of the same are determined below.
A. Buoyancy Effects on Self Weight of Abutment:

Unit Weight of Water 9.81 kN/Cu.m.
Design HFL RL 95.000
Dimensions Distanc Mx
Weight
Item Description Breadth Height e from
Nos. Length (m) (kN) kNm
(m) (m) X, in m
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (7) (8) (9)
Abutment Stem
Rectangular portion 1 12.00 0.90 -3.65 -386.5 3.050 ####
Additional Rectangular Portion 1 12.00 1.40 0.5 82.4 2.8 230.7
Return Wall System
Rectangular Portion 2 2 0.75 -3.648 -107.4 4.5 -483.1
Triangular Portion 1 2 0.75 1.250 18.4 4.8333 88.9
Heel Slab Portion
Toe Slab Portion
Total 111.7 28.8
B. Buoyancy Effects on Overburden soil on HEEL Slab:

Heel dimensions
Length (parellel to traffic direction) = 2.00 m
Width (perpendicular to traffic direction) = 12.00 m
Height of soil fill, upto HFL = -3.148 m
Load due to soil overburden over the heel slab, upto HFL = -741 kN
acts at 4.50 m from X
Total Buoyancy Force = 0.00 kN

and acts @ 0.000 m away from point X
Vc VEHICLE COLLISION LOAD ON SUPPORTS
Refer Clause 222 of IRC:6-2010
FeqT SEISMIC EFFECTS - Longitudinal and transverse Directions

& Road crest level = 105.795
FeqL Foundation Level = 97.398
Fundamental time period (T) = 2 x sqrt(D/100xF)

Provisions of IRC: 6 - 2010 for estimating the design horizontal seismic coefficient , Ah are folowed and the
calculations are presented below.
Alandur, Chennai
Design horizontal seismic coefficient , ah = (Z/2) x (I/R) x (Sa/g) Where

Z = Zone factor, Refer Table No.6, Clause 219.6 of IRC:6-2010
(for modorate seismic intensity, Zone III)
= 0.16
I = Importance factor, Ref table No. 7, Clause 219.5.1.1
= 1.20
R = Response reduction factor, charecerized by ductility level of structure
Ref. Table No. 8 & Note below the Table For ordinary moment resisting frames
2.50
Estimation of Sa/g is done below - It depends on foundation strata, structural dampness and natural frequency of structur
Top Of Abutment Cap = 103.233
Top of Foundation Level = 97.398
t of Frame (From top of Abutment Cap to Bottom of Foundation Level) = 5.835 m
Young's modulus of concrete = 31500 N/mm2
Moment of Inertia of Column Section = 2.744E+12 mm4
Deflection of tip = FL3/12EI
Horizontal load required to produce unit (1mm) deflection, F = 5219989 N
5219.99 kN
Dead load reaction from super structure = 1816.54 kN
Live load reaction from super structure = 1000.00 kN

Total Vertical Load , D = 2816.54 kN
0.5
Fundamental TIME PERIOD (Ts) = 2 x (D/1000xF) = 0.046 sec
Fundamental natural freequency, Ts in sec = 0.046 Seconds
For Hard soil
= 2.500 (as the piles are taken to hard soil)
sites Sa/g
Assum the % of dampness = 5
As per 219.5.1 of IRC:6 - 2010, Multiplying Factor = 1
Effective value of Sa/g = 2.500
Hence, ah = 0.096
Hence, Design horizontal seismic coefficient taken is = 0.096
Alandur, Chennai
Inertia Load Seismic Horizontal Level where it

Description of Inertia Force
(kN) Load, kN acts
Abutment System (Refer Self weight calculations of Abutment)
Dirt wall 230.546 22.132 104.514
Bracket
Rectangular portion 27.000 2.592 105.345
Triangular portion 13.500 1.296 105.095
Pedestals 6.600 0.634 103.308
Bed Block 94.500 9.072 103.083
Abutment Stem
Rectangular portion above GL 549.551 52.757 101.916
Dead Load of Superstructure
Superstructure DL and SDL 1816.540 174.388 105.595
Vehicular Live Load
As per Clause 222.7 of IRC:6-2000, The seismic force due to live load need not be considered in the
direction of traffic (longitudinal direction), but shall be considered in the direction perpendicular
to the traffic (transverse direction).
However, As per Clause 219.5.2 of
IRC:6 - 2010, 20% live load shall be
106.995
considered for calculating the
seismic forces.
Seismic load due to embankment fill:

Refer Clause no. 8.1.1 of IS:1893-1984 for estimating lateral earth pressure coefficient.
Active earth pressure , pa = w x h x Ca where,
w, unit weight of backfill soil = 18 kN/Cu.m.
h, height of backfill above abutment = 8.397 m
Ca , Active Earth Pr. Coefficient = (1+av) x (A/B) x (1/(1+(C/D)0.5)2
A = Cos2 (f - l -a)
B = Cos (l) x Cos2 (a) x Cos (d + l + a)
C = Sin (f + d) x Sin (f - i -l)
D = Cos (a - i) x Cos (d + l + a)
ah, horizontal seismic coefficient = 0.096
av, Vertical Seismic Coefficient = Half of ah
= 0.048
f, angle of internal friction of soil = 30 degrees 0.5233 Radians
l, = 5.237 Degrees 0.0913 Radians
a, angle which earth face of wall makes with the = 0 degrees 0.0000 Radians
vertical
Slope of Earth Fill, τ = 0 degrees 0.0000 Radians
d, angle of friction between wall and earthfill = 20 Degrees 0.3489 Radians
A = 0.8247
B = 0.9009
C = 0.3206
D = 0.9047
Ca, Active Earth Pr. Coefficient = 0.3770 (Under seismic conditions)
For estimating Static Earth Pressure Coefficient, in the above formula,
ah = av = l= 0.0000
A = 0.7502
B = 0.9398
Alandur, Chennai
C = 0.3827
D = 0.9398
Ca, Active Earth Pr. Coefficient = 0.29749 (Under Normal conditions)
Seismic Effects on Active Earth Pressure Forces
Due to normal
Due to Seismic Effects
conditions
At Bottom of
Description At top of Foundation
Foundation
Seismic Normal Seismic Normal
Effects Effects Effects Effects
Height 7.147 8.397
Pressure Ordinate (kN/Sq.m.) 48.496 38.271 56.977 44.964
Total Force per m 173.299 136.761 239.220 188.8
Total Force, kN 2079.589 1641.131 2870.637 2265.4
Horizontal Component, kN 1954.300 1542.258 2697.690 2128.9
Lever Arm 3.002 3.527
Rigid Body Moment 5866.301 4629.456 9514 7508
Resultant Moment about Point X 5866.301 4629.456 9514 7508
Increment in Active Earth Pressure Loads due to Seismic Effects
Horizontal Loads 412.042 568.778
Moment about Point X 1236.844 2005.932
Estimation of Self Weight Forces at the root of STEM - @ RL (+) 98.648

Dimensions Weight Eccentric Mx
Item Description
Nos. Length (m) Breadth (m) Height (m) (kN) ity, m kNm
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (7) (8) (9)
Dirt wall 1 12.00 0.30 2.56 230.55 0.550 126.8
Triangular portion 1 12.00 0.30 0.30 13.50 0.800 10.8
Pedestals 4 0.80 0.55 0.15 6.60 0.100 0.7
Bed Block 1 12.00 1.05 0.30 94.50 0.175 16.5
Abutment Stem
Rectangular portion 1 12.00 0.90 4.29
1157.1 0.250 289
Triangular Portion 0.5 12.00 0.50 0.7556.25 -0.367 -20.6
Total 1585.4 446.4
Estimation of Self Weight Forces @ RL (+) 99.398

Dimensions Weight Eccentric Mx
Item Description
Nos. Length (m) Breadth (m) Height (m) (kN) ity, m kNm
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (7) (8) (9)
Dirt wall 1 12.000 0.300 2.562 230.55 0.300 69.2
Triangular portion 0.5 12.000 0.300 0.300 13.500 0.550 7.4
Pedestals 4 0.800 0.550 0.150 6.600 0.150 1.0
Bed Block 1 12.000 1.050 0.300 94.500 0.075 7.1
Abutment Stem
Rectangular portion 1 12.000 0.900 4.285
1157.1 0.000 0
Total 1529.2 100.9
Alandur, Chennai
Summary of forces at Top of Foundations, i.e. @ RL 98.648

Axial Load,
Horizontal Load, kN Moment, kNm
Load Case Description kN
PV HL HT ML MT
Self Weight of Abutment System 1585.45 446.39 1
Super-structure Dead Load 2
1587.00 158.70 1
Back-fill Weight 2
Earth Pressure 1541.25 -4626.42 3
SIDL, other than W/C 154.70 15.47 4
Wearing Coat Loading, W/C 74.84 7.48 5
Vehicular Loading, without Impact 6
One Side Loaded Condition 7
70R W 634.34 63.43 2176.0 8
70RW + Class A 875.07 87.51 1352.4 9
70RT 577.71 57.77 1813.1 10
70RT + Class A 818.45 81.84 929.6 11
Class A - One Lane 240.74 24.07 1191.1 12
Class A - Two Lanes 481.47 48.15 1389.7 13
Class A - Three Lanes 722.21 72.22 566.0 14
Breaking Forces 15
70R W 33.98 100.00 -479.74 17
70RW + Class A 38.57 113.50 -544.50 18
70RT 23.79 70.00 -335.82 19
70RT + Class A 28.37 83.50 -400.58 20
Class A - One Lane 18.35 54.00 -259.06 21
Class A - Two Lanes 36.70 108.00 -518.12 22
Class A - Three Lanes 41.28 121.50 -582.88 23
Bearing Friction Effects 41.92 -202.54 24
Alandur, Chennai
Centrifugal Forces 25
70R W 0.00 0.0 27
70RW + Class A 0.00 0.0 28
70RT 0.00 0.0 29
70RT + Class A 0.00 0.0 30
Class A - One Lane 0.00 0.0 31
Class A - Two Lanes 0.00 0.0 32
Class A - Three Lanes 0.00 0.0 33
Live Load Surcharge Pressure 517.56 -3698.99 34
Wind Forces 35
One Side Loaded Condition 83.30 36.77 147.08 -257.17 1028.7 36
Vehicular Collision Load 37
Seismic Forces 38
Seismic Foces - Long - Due to all Inertia Loads 262.87 -1582.60 39
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to all Inertia Loads 40
70R W 275.05 -1684.3 41
70RW + Class A 279.67 -1722.8 42
70RT 273.96 -1675.2 43
70RT + Class A 278.58 -1713.8 44
Class A - One Lane 267.49 -1621.2 45
Class A - Two Lanes 272.12 -1659.8 46
Class A - Three Lanes 276.74 -1698.3 47
Summary of forces at Top of Foundations, i.e. @ RL 99.398

Axial Load,
PV HL HT ML MT
Self Weight of Abutment System 1529.20 100.87 1
Super-structure Dead Load 2
3
1587.00 238.05 4
Back-fill Weight 5
Earth Pressure 1234.75 -3317.44 6
SIDL, other than W/C 154.70 23.21 7
Wearing Coat Loading, W/C 74.84 11.23 8
Vehicular Loading, without Impact 9
70R W 634.34 95.15 0.0 11
70RW + Class A 875.07 131.26 0.0 12
70RT 577.71 86.66 0.0 13
70RT + Class A 818.45 122.77 0.0 14
Class A - One Lane 240.74 36.11 0.0 15
Class A - Two Lanes 481.47 72.22 0.0 16
Class A - Three Lanes 722.21 108.33 0.0 17
Breaking Forces 18
70R W 33.98 100.00 -403.04 20
70RW + Class A 38.57 113.50 -457.45 21
Alandur, Chennai
70RT 23.79 70.00 -282.13 22

70RT + Class A 28.37 83.50 -336.54 23
Class A - One Lane 18.35 54.00 -217.64 24
Class A - Two Lanes 36.70 108.00 -435.28 25
Class A - Three Lanes 41.28 121.50 -489.69 26
Bearing Friction Effects 41.92 -171.10 27
Centrifugal Forces 28
70R W 0.00 0.0 30
70RW + Class A 0.00 0.0 31
70RT 0.00 0.0 32
70RT + Class A 0.00 0.0 33
Class A - One Lane 0.00 0.0 34
Class A - Two Lanes 0.00 0.0 35
Class A - Three Lanes 0.00 0.0 36
Live Load Surcharge Pressure 463.25 -1481.69 37
Wind Forces 38
One Side Loaded Condition 83.30 36.77 147.08 -229.59 918.4 39
Vehicular Collision Load 40
Seismic Forces 41
Seismic Foces - Long - Due to all Inertia Loads 262.87 -1385.45 42
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to all Inertia Loads 43
70R W 275.05 -1490.1 44
70RW + Class A 279.67 -1455.0 45
70RT 273.96 -1498.3 46
70RT + Class A 278.58 -1463.2 47
Class A - One Lane 267.49 -1547.5 48
Class A - Two Lanes 272.12 -1512.4 49
Class A - Three Lanes 276.74 -1477.3 50
Alandur, Chennai
Summary of forces at Bottom of Foundations, i.e. @ RL 97.398

Axial Load,
PV HL HT MLX MT
Self Weight of Abutment System 3895.22 12493.01
Super-structure Dead Load
Dislodged Condition 0.00 0.00
Span existing Condition 1587.00 4602.30
Back-fill Weight 4083.80 15388.58
Earth Pressure 2127.52 -7503.20
SIDL, other than W/C 154.70 448.63
Wearing Coat Loading, W/C 74.84 217.04
Vehicular Loading, without Impact
70R W 634.34 1839.58 2176.0
70RW + Class A 875.07 2537.71 1352.4
70RT 577.71 1675.36 1813.1
70RT + Class A 818.45 2373.49 929.6
Class A - One Lane 240.74 698.13 1191.1
Class A - Two Lanes 481.47 1396.27 1389.7
Class A - Three Lanes 722.21 2094.42 566.0
Breaking Forces
70R W 33.98 100.00 -706.68
70RW + Class A 38.57 113.50 -802.08
70RT 23.79 70.00 -494.67
70RT + Class A 28.37 83.50 -590.08
Class A - One Lane 18.35 54.00 -381.61
Class A - Two Lanes 36.70 108.00 -763.21
Class A - Three Lanes 41.28 121.50 -858.61
Bearing Friction Effects 41.92 -254.94
Alandur, Chennai
Centrifugal Forces
70R W 0.0 0.0
70RW + Class A 0.0 0.0
70RT 0.0 0.0
70RT + Class A 0.0 0.0
Class A - One Lane 0.0 0.0
Class A - Two Lanes 0.0 0.0
Class A - Three Lanes 0.0 0.0
Live Load Surcharge Pressure 608.1 -2553.0
Wind Forces
One Side Loaded Condition 83.30 36.8 147.1 303.1 1212.5
Buoyancy Effects 0.00 0.0
Vehicular Collision Load
Seismic Forces
Seismic Foces - Long - Due to all Inertia Loads 262.9 1911.2
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to all Inertia Loads 262.871 1911.2
Seismic Foces - Tran. - Due to VLL
70R W 60.9 584.4
70RW + Class A 84.0 806.2
70RT 55.5 532.3
70RT + Class A 78.6 754.0
Class A - One Lane 23.1 221.8
Class A - Two Lanes 46.2 443.6
Class A - Three Lanes 69.3 665.4
Due to Backfill 568.8 2005.9
Alandur, Chennai

Design of ABUTMENT System - GROUP GA1: Vax Consultants Pvt. LTD.

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Design of ABUTMENT System - GROUP GA1: Vax Consultants Pvt. LTD.

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Vax Consultants Pvt. Ltd.

, Construction of Grade Separator at Medavakkam

Design of ABUTMENT System - GROUP GA1

III - ACCIDENTAL ACTIONS

G1 SELF WEIGHT OF ABUTMENT SYSTEM

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (7) (8) (9)

Triangular Portion 0.5 12.00 2.000 0.5 150.00 4.167 625.0

G2 SUPERSTRUCTURE DEAD LOAD

Rectangular portion - 1 = 567.000 kN,

Total Soil Overburden Weight on Toe Slab = 888.30 kN

Total Weight of Soil Overburden - both on Heel and Toe Slab

Fep EARTH PRESSURE, Fep

Pedestal and Reaction SDL effects,

Q VEHICULAR LIVE LOAD DUE TO GRAVITY &

Fh BRAKING FORCE CALCULATIONS

Reduction as provided in Clause 205 of IRC:6 - 2010 is not applied.

Effective Width of Bearing = 348 mm

Fcf CENTRIFUGAL FORCE

Qfpl PEDESTRIAN/FOOTPATH LIVE LOADS

Fcp LIVE LOAD SURCHARGE PRESSURE

W WIND LOAD CALCULATIONS

Transverse Force On Left Side Superstructure = 77.11 kN

Design Wind Lift Force, FL = PZ x A3 x G x CL, where

Total Area, A3 119.76 m2

WIND FORCES ON MOVING VLL

Design Transverse Wind Force, FT = PZ x A1 x G x CD, where

WIND FORCES ON SUB-STRUCTURE ELEMENTS

Total Wind Effects are summarized below - One Spans existing

A. Buoyancy Effects on Self Weight of Abutment:

B. Buoyancy Effects on Overburden soil on HEEL Slab:

Total Buoyancy Force = 0.00 kN

FeqT SEISMIC EFFECTS - Longitudinal and transverse Directions

Fundamental time period (T) = 2 x sqrt(D/100xF)

Design horizontal seismic coefficient , ah = (Z/2) x (I/R) x (Sa/g) Where

Live load reaction from super structure = 1000.00 kN

Inertia Load Seismic Horizontal Level where it

Seismic load due to embankment fill:

Estimation of Self Weight Forces at the root of STEM - @ RL (+) 98.648

Estimation of Self Weight Forces @ RL (+) 99.398

Summary of forces at Top of Foundations, i.e. @ RL 98.648

Summary of forces at Top of Foundations, i.e. @ RL 99.398

70RT 23.79 70.00 -282.13 22

Summary of forces at Bottom of Foundations, i.e. @ RL 97.398

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