CHAPTER III
METHODS AND PROCEDURES
Method of Research Used
This study made use of the descriptive method. The principal
aims of this method are to describe the nature of a situation, as
it exists at the time of study and to explore the causes of
particular phenomena (Sevilla, 1992).
Descriptive studies are valuable in providing facts on which
scientific judgments may be based. They provide essential
knowledge about the nature of objects and persons. Descriptive
studies also play a large part in the development of instruments
for the measurement of many things, instruments that are employed
in all types of quantitative research as date- gathering
instruments, for instance, tests, questionnaires, interviews,
observation schedules, checklists, score cards, and rating
scales. (Calmorin 2002)
This method was appropriate in this research work since it
aims to determine the learning styles and reading comprehension
strategies of grade VI pupils of Echague West District through
the process of collecting data, analyzing and interpreting as
basis in developing and formulating an intervention program for
pupils.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study were the 207 grade VI pupils of
the ten (10) schools of Echague West District, Cabugao, Echague,
Isabela who were enrolled in the School Year 2019- 2020. The
respondents were selected through random sampling using the
Slovin’s formula.
Table 1
Frequency Distribution of Respondents per School
Name of School Total Percent Number of
Sample Respondents
Buneg Elementary School 6 2.9 6
Dammang East Elementary School 15 7.2 15
Dammang Malitao Elementary School 17 8.2 17
Echague West Central School 60 29.0 60
Fugu Elementary School 15 7.2 15
Garit Elementary School 39 9.2% 19
Gucab Elementary School 24 11.6 24
Maligaya Elementary School 23 11.1 23
Malitao Elementary School 32 7.7 16
Soyung Elementary School 28 5.8% 12
Total 432 100.0 207
Majority of the respondents come from Echague West Central School
since this school is located at the town proper where most of the
populations yield feeders to the school. Respectively, Gucab
Elementary School and Maligaya Elementary School almost have the same
population- 24(11.6%), 23(11.1%). Likewise Garit Elementary School,
Dammang Malitao Elementary School and Malitao Elementary School nearly
have the same number of respondents by just a difference of 2 and 1
number of respondents respectively. Furthermore, Fugu Elementary
School and Dammang East Elementary School have the same percentage of
population which is 7.2 . There were only two elementary with the
least number of respondents these are Soyung Elementary School and
Buneg Elementary School with a percentage of 5.8% and 2.9%
respectively.
Data Gathering Instruments
The data were gathered using two- part questionnaire. The
first part deals on the profile of the respondents while the
second part contains the learning styles such as visual,
auditory, tactile, kinesthetic, group, and individual, and
reading comprehension strategies such as story maps, retelling,
predicting and answering comprehension questions that tell the
degree of opinion on the strategies that use to effectively
comprehend narrative texts. The learning style questionnaire was
adopted from Karthigeyan K. and Nirmala K., while the reading
comprehension strategies was an original work of the researcher
and it was already validated by experts.
The researcher presented two sets of questionnaires
involving two areas, namely, Learning Styles Preference (LSP) and
Reading Comprehension Strategies (RCS). The Learning Styles
Preference (LSP) questionnaire consisted of 25 statements that
grouped into 5 statements and each five (5) statements was
categorized under one of the five (5) areas. The questionnaire
was designed in a way that there are no specific orders or
arrangement until a key answer was used to unlock the grouping of
the questions. The Reading Comprehension Strategies (RCS)
questionnaire, on the other hand, contained 20 statements with
five statements on each category to identify the respondents’
reading comprehension strategy.
Data Gathering Procedures
1. Permission to conduct the study was sought from the
District- In- Charge of Echague West District before the
distribution of questionnaires. The researcher personally
distributed and retrieved the questionnaires to ensure a
hundred percent retrieval.
2. The data gathered were tallied, tabulated, computed,
analyzed and interpreted.
3. The researcher also visited different libraries in the
region for Related Studies and for additional information.
Statistical Treatment of Data
In order to analyze the data gathered for this study, the
researcher used the following statistical tools:
Frequency Count. This tool was used to determine the number of
cases under category. It determines the frequency of a particular
result in a given statistical survey.
Percentage. This tool was used to reduce the different sets or
number or common frequencies of a comparative set of number. It
is employed as a form of numerical analysis. This was utilized to
determine the proportion of the responses of the respondents in
each category.
The formula: P= (f/n) x 100%
Where: P= percentage
f= frequency
n= total number of respondents
Weighted Mean. was utilized to determine the level of
respondents’ Learning Style Preference and Reading Comprehension
Strategies;
The formula:
X=∑fx
Where: X= Mean
x= response of the respondents
N= number of the respondents
f= Frequency
The analysis as to the individual respondent’s level of
learning style preferences was based on the procedure given by
Karthigeyan and Nirmala i. e. getting the summation of twice the
respondent’s score (1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) in each learning style
dimension and classifying its level according to the following
guidelines: 0 to 24, negligible; 25 to 37, minor; while 38 to 50,
major.
