SOLUTIONS OF WEEK 7 ASSIGNMENT 1

1.

Bus Type No of Buses No of nonlinear equations to be solved

Slack Bus 1 0
Generator Bus (PV) 3 3
Load Bus (PQ) 8 8×2=16

So the Jacobian Matrix size will be (16+3)×(16+3)=19×19

Ans-(c)

2.

Bus Type No of Buses No of nonlinear equations to be solved

Slack Bus 1 0
Generator Bus (PV) 20 20
Load Bus (PQ) X 2X

Now we can write 20+2X=100. So X=40. Total no of buses=1+20+40=61

Ans-(b)
3. The Generator at bus G2 cannot supply the required reactive power demand that
means it is violating the reactive power limit of the generator. So this bus should be
considered as Load bus during load flow study.
Bus Name Bus Type No of nonlinear equations to be solved
G1 Slack 0
G2 PQ 2
G3 PV 1
G4 PV 1
L1 PQ 2
L2 PQ 2
L3 Voltage Controlled 1
L4 Voltage Controlled 1
 L5 PQ 2
L6 PQ 2
Total Nonlinear Equations to be solved 14

Ans-(a)
4. For Newton-Raphson method, the number of iteration for convergence does not
depend on system size.
Ans-(c)
5. Newton Raphson converge criteria is quadratic in nature.
Ans-(b)
6.

Bus Type No of Buses No of nonlinear equations to be solved

Slack Bus 1 0
Generator Bus (PV) 4 4
Load Bus (PQ) X 2X

Now we can write 4+2X=50. So X=23. No of PQ buses are 23.

Ans-(a)
7. For each iteration, normally Newton Raphson method consumes more time than
Gauss-Seidel method because in Newton-Raphson method finding out the inverse of
the jacobian matrix is time consuming.
Ans-(b)

8. Convergence problem of load flow for long radial lines happens in Gauss Seidel
method.
Ans-(b)
9. The element of the Ybus matrix
Y22= . .
+ . .
+ 2 × 0.02

= 5.88 − 23.489
Ans-(a)
10. The initial guesses are = 1∠0 and =0 .
The Ybus matrix is as bellow
 24.23∠ − 75.95 12.13∠104.04 12.13∠104.04
= 12.13∠104.04 24.23∠ − 75.95 12.13∠104.04
12.13∠104.04 12.13∠104.04 24.23∠ − 75.95

= | | − −

= = −0.23

= | | − −

= = 0.12

= | | − −

= = −0.96
Now active and reactive power mismatches can be calculated as
Δ = ( )− ( ) where represents the amount of active
power injected at bus i

Δ = 0.5 − (−0.23) = 0.73

Δ = −1.5 − (0.12) = −1.62
Δ = 1— (−0.96) = 1.96

Now for the first iteration the Jacobian matrix will be

⎡ ⎤
⎢ | |⎥
Δ Δ
⎢ ⎥
Δ =⎢ × Δ
| |⎥
Δ ⎢ ⎥ Δ| |
⎢ ⎥
⎣ | |⎦

The elements of the Jacobian matrix can be calculated as below

24.47 −12.23 5.64

= −12.23 24.95 −3.05
−6.11 3.05 22.54

After the first iteration the values of and | | will be as below

= +Δ = −0.023
 = +Δ = −0.0654

| | = | | + Δ| | = 1.098

Reactive power injection at bus 3 is = 0.4677

So the reactive power generation at bus 3 is = + = 0.4677 + 0.6 =

1.0677

This value is within the limit specified in the problem given.

Ans-(b)