Wind power in India

Wind power generation capacity in India has significantly increased in recent years. As of 28
February 2021, the total installed wind power capacity was 38.789 GW, the fourth largest
installed wind power capacity in the world.[2][3] Wind power capacity is mainly spread across the
Southern, Western and Northern regions.[4]

Mean wind speed in India.[1]

Wind power costs in India are decreasing rapidly.[5] The levelised tariff of wind power reached a
record low of ₹2.43 (3.4¢ US) per kWh (without any direct or indirect subsidies) during auctions
for wind projects in December 2017.[6][7][8] However, the levelised tariff increased to ₹2.77
(3.9¢ US) per kWh in March 2021.[9] In December 2017, union government announced the
applicable guidelines for tariff-based wind power auctions to bring more clarity and minimise the
risk to the developers.[10]

Wind farms midst paddy fields in India.

Installed capacity

The table below shows India's year on year installed wind power, annual wind power generation
and annual growth in wind power generation since 2006.[11]
Installed wind power capacity and generation in India since 2007[12]
Financial 06- 07-
08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17
year 07 08

Installed
capacity 7,850 9,587 10,925 13,064 16,084 18,421 20,150 22,465 23,447 26,777 32,280
(MW)

Generation
28,214 28,604 46,011
(GWh)

History

Installed Wind Power Capacity

Fiscal Year End Cumulative Capacity (in MW)
2005 6,270
2006 7,850
2007 9,587
2008 10,925
2009 13,064
2010 16,084
2011 18,421
2012 20,149
2013 21,264
2014 23,354
2015 26,769
2016 32,280
2017 34,046
2018 35,626

Development of wind power in India began in December 1952, when Maneklal Sankalchand
Thacker, a distinguished power engineer, initiated a project with the Indian Council of Scientific
and Industrial Research (CSIR) to explore the possibilities of harnessing wind power in the
country.[14] The CSIR established a Wind Power Sub-Committee under P. Nilakantan, which was
assigned the task of investigating the available resources that could be practically utilized, along
with researching the economic possibilities of wind energy.[15] With assistance from the Indian
Meteorological Department, the Sub-Committee extensively reviewed available data on surface
winds in India and their velocity duration, and began detailed surveys of promising sites for
harnessing the optimum amount of wind energy; it also successfully developed and tested large
wood-and-bamboo windmills.

In September 1954, a Symposium on Solar Energy and Wind Power organised by the CSIR and
UNESCO was held in New Delhi; among the attendees was E. W. Golding, a British power
engineer and authority on wind energy generation.[14] Convinced of the potential of wind power
in India, he recommended continued and extensive wind velocity surveys in different regions of
India, the full-time assignment of staff to experimental wind power studies, the establishment of
a dedicated research laboratory and development of small to medium-sized wind-powered
electrical generators. Golding's recommendations were adopted by the CSIR in 1957.[14] By this
time, regions of Saurashtra and around Coimbatore had been identified as promising sites for
generating electricity from wind power, and the Wind Power Sub-Committee had begun to erect
20 wind velocity survey stations across India, in addition to testing its indigenously designed
windmills and obtaining a 6 kW. Allgaier wind turbine, which was presented to India by the West
German government; experiments at Porbandar with the latter had commenced by 1961.[15][14]
The Indian government also considered a proposal to erect over 20,000 small to medium-sized
wind-powered electrical generators in rural districts, to be used for powering water pumps and
supplying electricity for remotely situated structures such as lighthouses.[15]

In 1960, the CSIR established a Wind Power Division as part of the new National Aeronautical
Laboratory (NAL) in Bangalore, which was founded that year.[14] From the 1960s into the 1980s,
the NAL and other groups continued to carry out wind velocity surveys and develop improved
estimates of India's wind energy capacity.[16] Large-scale development of wind power began in
1985 with the first wind project in Veraval, Gujarat, in the form of a 40-kW Dutch machine (make
Polenko) connected to the grid. The project, an initiative of late Dr. K S Rao, the then Director of
GEDA (Gujarat Energy Development Agency), was a joint venture between GEDA and J K
Synthetics Ltd. Though the performance of this machine was quite poor, it established the
technical viability of operating wind turbines in the grid-connected mode in India. Subsequently,
the Government of India planned several demonstration wind farms in the coastal regions of the
country and simultaneously launched a massive programme to identify sites suitable for wind
projects. In 1986, demonstration wind farms were set up in the coastal areas of Maharashtra
(Ratnagiri), Gujarat (Okha) and Tamil Nadu (Tirunelveli) with 55 kW Vestas wind turbines. These
demonstration projects were supported by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).
The demonstration projects set up in 1985-86 established beyond doubt, both the technical and
economic viability of the wind energy projects, while the wind-mapping programme resulted in
the identification of many sites suitable for wind power projects (C-WET 2001; Mani 1990, 1992,
1994; Mani and Mooley 1983).

The potential for wind farms in the country was first assessed in 2011 to be more than 2,000 GW
by Prof. Jami Hossain of TERI University, New Delhi.[17] This was subsequently re-validated by
Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory, US (LBNL) in an independent study in 2012. As a result,
the MNRE set up a committee to reassess the potential[18] and through the National Institute of
Wind Energy (NIWE, previously C-WET) has announced a revised estimation of the potential wind
resource in India from 49,130 MW to 302,000 MW assessed at 100 m hub height.[19] Wind
turbines are now being set up at even 120 m hub height and the wind resource at higher hub
heights of around 120 m or more that are prevailing is possibly even more.

In 2015, the MNRE set the target for Wind Power generation capacity by the year 2022 at 60,000
MW.[2][20]

East and North east regions have no grid connected wind power plant as of December 2017.

No offshore wind farm is under implementation as of December 2017.[21] However, an Offshore

Wind Policy was announced in 2015 and presently weather stations and LIDARs are being set up
by NIWE at some locations.[22] The first offshore wind farm is planned near Dhanushkodi in
Tamil Nadu.[23]

Electricity generation

Wind power accounts for nearly 10% of India's total installed power generation capacity and
generated 62.03 TWh in the fiscal year 2018–19, which is nearly 4% of total electricity
generation.[24] The capacity utilisation factor is nearly 19.33% in the fiscal year 2018-19 (16% in
2017–18, 19.62% in 2016-17 and 14% in 2015-16). 70% of annual wind generation is during the
five months duration from May to September coinciding with Southwest monsoon duration. In
India, solar power is complementary to wind power as it is generated mostly during the non-
monsoon period in daytime.[25]
Monthly Electricity Generation in India April, 2018 - March, 2019[26]
Month North West South East North East Total (GWh)

April 2018 552.54 1,604.27 1,165.93 - - 3,322.74

May 2018 587.60 2,481.92 1,371.58 - - 4,441.09

June 2018 1,035.61 3,461.16 3,827.89 12.28 - 8,336.94

July 2018 950.36 4,011.23 6,403.68 - - 11,365.27

August 2018 910.12 3,730.76 7,129.62 1.15 - 11,771.66

September 2018 600.53 1,778.12 3,708.99 5.70 - 6,093.34

October 2018 209.39 744.69 1,864.79 3.91 - 2,789.24

November 2018 184.31 760.81 1,232.00 3.91 - 2,181.03

December 2018 283.01 1,333.62 1,163.33 9.29 - 2,789.24

January 2019 312.56 1,233.13 1,296.29 9.91 - 2,851.89

February 2019 385.01 1,313.14 1,384.07 12.25 - 3,094.47

March 2019 392.77 1,477.50 1,083.57 12.10 - 2,965.93

Total (GWh) 6,403.79 23,930.36 31,631.72 70.50 - 62,036.38

Wind power by state

Muppandal Wind farm near NH44

Muppandal Wind Farm in Tamil Nadu

There is a growing number of wind energy installations in states across India.

Installed wind capacity by state as of 31 October 2019[27][4]

State Total Capacity (MW)

Tamil Nadu 9231.77

Gujarat 7203.77

Maharashtra 4794.13

Karnataka 4753.40

Rajasthan 4299.73

Andhra Pradesh 4077.37[28]

Madhya Pradesh 2519.89

Telangana 128.10

Kerala 62.50

Others 4.30

Total 37090.03

Tamil Nadu
…
Tamil Nadu's wind power capacity is around 29% of India's total. The Government of Tamil Nadu
realized the importance and need for renewable energy, and set up a separate Agency, as
registered society, called the Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency (TEDA) as early as 1985.
Tamil Nadu is a leader in Wind Power in India. In Muppandal windfarm the total capacity is 1500
MW, the largest wind power plant in India. The total wind installed capacity in Tamil Nadu is
7633 MW.[29] During the fiscal year 2014–15, the electricity generation is 9.521 GWh, with about
a 15% capacity utilization factor.[30]

Maharashtra
…
Maharashtra is one of the prominent states that installed wind power projects second to Tamil
Nadu in India. As of end of March 2016, installed wind power capacity is 4655.25 MW. As of now
there are 50 developers registered with state nodal agency "Maharashtra energy Development
Agency" for development of wind power projects. All the major manufacturers of wind turbines
including ReNew Power, Suzlon, Vestas, Gamesa, Regen, Leitner Shriram have presence in
Maharashtra.

Gujarat …
Gujarat government's focus on tapping renewable energy has led to sharp rise in the wind power
capacity in the last few years. According to official data, wind power generations capacity in the
state has increased a staggering ten times in last six years. Gujarat have 16% of total capacity of
country. ONGC Ltd. has installed a 51MW wind energy farm at Bhuj in Gujarat. Renewable energy
projects worth a massive Rs 1 lakh crore of memorandums of understanding (MoUs) in the
Vibrant Gujarat Summit in 2017.[31]

Rajasthan
…
4298 MW wind power plant has been installed in Rajasthan.

Madhya Pradesh
…
In consideration of unique concept, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh has sanctioned another 15 MW
project to Madhya Pradesh Windfarms Ltd. MPWL, Bhopal at Nagda Hills near Dewas under
consultation from Consolidated Energy Consultants Ltd. CECL (http://www.cecl.in) Bhopal. All
the 25 WEGs have been commissioned on 31.03.2008 and under successful operation.[32]

Kerala
…
55 MW production of wind power is installed in Kerala. The first wind farm of the state was set
up in 1997 at Kanjikode in Palakkad district.
The agency has identified 16 sites for setting up wind farms through private developers.

Odisha
…
Odisha a coastal state has higher potential for wind energy. Current installation capacity stands
at 2.0 MW. Odisha has a windpower potential of 1700MW. The Govt of Odisha is actively
pursuing to boost Wind power generation in the state. however it has not progressed like other
states primarily because Odisha having a huge coal reserve and number of existing and
upcoming thermal power plants, is a power surplus state.[33]

West Bengal …
The total installation in West Bengal is 2.10 MW till Dec 2009 at Fraserganj, Distt- South 24
Paraganas. More 0.5 MW (approx) at Ganga Sagar, Kakdwip, Distt - South 24 Paraganas. Both
the project owned by West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency (WBREDA), Govt. of
WB and project was executed on turnkey basis by Utility Powertech Limited (UPL).

Ladakh
…
The union territory of Ladakh and its Kargil district are potential wind energy areas, which are yet
to be exploited.[19] Wind Speeds are higher during the winter months in Ladakh, which is
complementary to the hydro power available during the summer months from the snow melt
water. Being a Himalayan region located at higher altitude, the heating energy requirements are
high which can be met by the renewable energy resources such as wind, solar and hydro power.
The union territory is yet to open its account in grid connected wind power installations.

Projects

India's largest wind power production facilities (10MW and greater)[27][34]

Windmills on the Tirumala hills in Andhra Pradesh

A wind farm in Rajasthan

Wind turbines midst of India's agricultural farms.

Rank Power plant Producer Location State MWe

Muppandal Wind
1 Muppandal Wind Kanyakumari Tamil Nadu 1500
Farm[35]

Jaisalmer Wind
2 Suzlon Energy Jaisalmer Rajasthan 1064
Park[36]

Brahmanvel
3 Parakh Agro Industries Dhule Maharashtra 528
windfarm[37]

Siemens Gamesa, ReNew

4 Kayathar Tutcorin Tamilnadu 300
Power

Dhalgaon
5 Gadre Marine Exports Sangli Maharashtra 278
windfarm[38]

Vankusawade Wind
6 Suzlon Energy Ltd. Satara District. Maharashtra 259
Park

7 Vaspet ReNew Power Vaspet Maharashtra 144

Siemens Gamesa, ReNew

8 Tuljapur Osmanabad Maharashtra 126
Power

Beluguppa Wind Andhra

9 Orange Renewable Beluguppa 100.8
Park Pradesh

Mamatkheda Wind Madhya

10 Orange Renewable Mamatkheda 100.5
Park Pradesh

Anantapur Wind Andhra

11 Orange Renewable Nimbagallu 100
Park Pradesh

Damanjodi Wind
12 Suzlon Energy Ltd. Damanjodi Odisha 99
Power Plant

13 Jath ReNew Power Jath Maharashtra 84

14 Welturi ReNew Power Welturi Maharashtra 75

Acciona Tuppadahalli Energy India Chitradurga

15 Karnataka 56.1
Tuppadahalli Pvt Ltd District

Oil India Ltd. (http://www.oil-

16 Dangiri Wind Farm Jaiselmer Rajasthan 54
india.com)

17 Bercha Wind Park Orange Renewable Ratlam Madhya 50

Pradesh
 Aban Loyd Chiles Offshore
18 Cape Comorin Kanyakumari Tamil Nadu 33
Ltd.

19 Kayathar Subhash Subhash Ltd. Kayathar Tamil Nadu 30

20 Jasdan NTPC LTD. Jasdan Gujarat 25.0

21 Ramakkalmedu Subhash Ltd. Ramakkalmedu Kerala 25

22 Gudimangalam Gudimangalam Wind Farm Gudimangalam Tamil Nadu 21

Shalivahana Green Energy.

23 Shalivahana Wind Tirupur Tamil Nadu 20.4[39]
Ltd.

Andhra
24 Puthlur RCI Wescare (India) Ltd. Puthlur 20
Pradesh

25 Lamda Danida Danida India Ltd. Lamba Gujarat 15

Mohan Breweries &

26 Chennai Mohan Chennai Tamil Nadu 15
Distilleries

27 Shah Gajendragarh MMTCL Gadag Karnataka 15

Madhya
28 Jamgudrani MP MP Windfarms Ltd. Dewas 14
Pradesh

Chitradurga
29 Jogmatti BSES BSES Ltd. Karnataka 14
District

Newam Power Company

30 Perungudi Newam Perungudi Tamil Nadu 12
Ltd.

31 Kethanur Wind Farm Kethanur Wind Farm Kethanur Tamil Nadu 11

32 Shah Gajendragarh Sanjay D. Ghodawat Gadag Karnataka 10.8

33 Hyderabad TSRTC Telangana SRTC Hyderabad Telangana 10

34 Muppandal Madras Madras Cements Ltd. Muppandal Tamil Nadu 10

35 Poolavadi Chettinad Chettinad Cement Corp. Ltd. Poolavadi Tamil Nadu 10

Offshore wind power plants

India has an offshore wind energy potential of around 70 GW in parts along the coast of Gujarat
and Tamil Nadu.[40]
India started planning in 2010 to enter into offshore wind power,[41] and a 100 MW
demonstration plant located off the Gujarat coast began planning in 2014.[42] In 2013, a
consortium (instead of group of organizations), led by Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC)
started project FOWIND (Facilitating Offshore Wind in India) to identify potential zones for
development of off-shore wind power in India and to stimulate R & D activities in this area.[43]
The other consortium partners include the Centre for Study of Science, Technology and Policy
(CSTEP), DNV GL, the Gujarat Power Corporation Limited (GPCL) and the World Institute of
Sustainable Energy (WISE). The consortium was awarded the grant of €4.0 million by the
delegation of the European Union to India in 2013 besides co-funding support from GPCL. The
project action will be implemented from December 2013 to March 2018.

The project focuses on the States of Gujarat and Tamil Nadu for identification of potential zones
for development through techno-commercial analysis and preliminary resource assessment. It
will also establish a platform for structural collaboration and knowledge sharing between
stakeholders from European Union and India, on offshore wind technology, policy, regulation,
industry and human resource development. FOWIND activities will also help facilitate a platform
to stimulate offshore wind related R&D activities in the country. The consortium published initial
pre-feasibility assessment reports for offshore wind farm development in Gujarat and Tamil
Nadu on 16 June 2015.[44][45] In September 2015, the India's cabinet has approved the National
Offshore Wind Energy Policy. With this, the Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE) has
been authorized as the Nodal Ministry for use of offshore areas within the Exclusive Economic
Zone (EEZ)[46]

India seems pacing up rapidly towards offshore wind energy development as the Nodal Ministry
(MNRE) & Nodal Agency (NIWE) calls with the Expression of Interest (EoI)[47] inviting the bidders
for development of first 1000MW commercial scale offshore windfarm in India, near the coast of
Gujarat. The EoI published on 16 Apr 2018, specifies the proposed area identified under the
FOWIND & FOWPI study funded by European Union. The proposed location of the offshore
windfarm could be 23–40 km off the coast from the Pipavav port, Gulf of Khambhat. The
proposed area covers about 400sq km. The wind measurements & other data collection are
under progress under the supervision of NIWE.

See also
 Renewable energy in India

Electricity sector in India

Energy policy of India

Solar power in India

List of onshore wind farms

Wind turbine design

Floating wind turbine

Hydroelectric power in India

Biofuel in India

Wind power by country

Renewable energy by country

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External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wind power in India.

Indian Wind Power - Magazine (http://www.indianwindpower.com)

How winds of change could be an alternative to coal (http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/

world/asia/article2337489.ece)

Energy-hungry India eyes role as "wind superpower" (https://www.reuters.com/article/latestCri

sis/idUSDEL266374)

Consolidated Energy Consultants Ltd. India (http://www.cecl.in)

Wind power in Kerala (http://www.studymode.com/essays/Wind-Power-In-Kerala-Dr-342787.h

tml)
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