VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI, KARNATAKA

A SEMINAR REPORT ON

RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In

ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Submitted By

TUSHAR SHETTY
4SO18EE039

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

UG Programme Accredited by National Board of Accreditation

ST JOSEPH ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Vamanjoor, Mangaluru – 575028, Karnataka

2021 - 2022
 ST JOSEPH ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Vamanjoor, Mangaluru – 575028, Karnataka

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING
UG Programme Accredited by National Board of Accreditation

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the seminar entitled RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA has been
carried out by TUSHAR SHETTY bearing USN 4SO18EE039 prescribed by
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi for Eighth Semester BE (EEE) course
during the year 2021 - 2022.

Mr. Sathisha K
HOD
 ST JOSEPH ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Vamanjoor, Mangaluru – 575028, Karnataka

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING
UG Programme Accredited by National Board of Accreditation

APPROVAL

This seminar entitled RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA is hereby approved as a

creditable study of an engineering subject carried out and presented in a satisfactory manner
its acceptance as a pre-requisite to the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In

ELECTRICAL& ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Mr. Franco Menezes

Assistant Professor
Seminar Guide

Name of the Student : Mr. Tushar Shetty

University Seat Number: 4SO18EE039

Name of the Examiner Signature with Date

1. Mr. Deepesh S K

2. Dr. Sanath Saralaya

Renewable Energy in India

ABSTRACT

The Indian renewable energy sector is the fourth most attractive renewable energy market
in the world. India was ranked fourth in wind power, fifth in solar power and fourth in
renewable power installed capacity, as of 2020. Ernst & Young's (EY) 2021 Renewable
Energy Country Attractiveness Index (RECAI) ranked India 3rd behind USA and China.
Installed renewable power generation capacity has gained pace over the past few years,
posting a CAGR of 17.33% between FY16-20. With the increased support of Government
and improved economics, the sector has become attractive from an investors perspective.
As India looks to meet its energy demand on its own, which is expected to reach 15,820
TWh by 2040, renewable energy is set to play an important role. The government plans to
establish renewable energy capacity of 523 GW (including 73 GW from Hydro) by 2030.

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 Renewable Energy in India

LIST OF CONTENTS

Sl. No Title Page No

I. INTRODUCTION …………………………………………... 4
II. RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA ………………...………5
III. STRATEGIES ADOPTED …………………………………...9
IV. GOVERNMENT POLICIES ………………………………... 10
V. FUTURE OF RENEWABLE ………………………………...12
ENERGY IN INDIA
VI. MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS ………………………………….13
VII. CONCLUSION ……………………………………………….14
VIII. REFERENCES ………………………………………………..15

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Renewable Energy in India

LIST OF FIGURES

Sl. No Title Page No

I. STATE WISE ……………………………………………6

SOLAR INSTALLATIONS
II. INSTALLED HYDRO ………………………………….7
CAPACITY

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Renewable Energy in India

I. INTRODUCTION

Coal, gasoline, and natural gas, which are used to generate energy, account for one-third of
global greenhouse gas pollution. It is important to improve people's living standards by
supplying safer and more efficient energy. India's electricity demand is that in order to meet
the country's current economic growth plans. The supply of growing amounts of energy is
a necessary condition for a country's economic development. The Ministry of Power's
National Electricity Plan [NEP] has established a 10-year comprehensive action plan with
the goal of providing electricity throughout the region, as well as a second plan to ensure
that power is delivered to people effectively and at a fair rate. According to the World
Resource Institute Report 2017, India is responsible for approximately 6.65% of global
carbon emissions, ranking fourth behind China (26.83%), The United States (14.36%), and
the European Union (14.36%). Climate change has the potential to disrupt the world's
natural equilibrium. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement have received Intended Nationally Determined
Contributions (INDCs). The latter hoped to accomplish the aim of keeping global warming
far below 2 degrees Celsius. Global power demand will rise in 2030, according to the World
Energy Council.

India is one of the world's biggest coal users, requiring expensive fossil fuel imports. Coal
and oil have about 74 percent of total electricity demand. The nation imported 171 million
tonnes of coal in 2013–2014, 215 million tonnes in 2014–2015, 207 million tonnes in 2015–
2016, 195 million tonnes in 2016–2017, and 213 million tonnes in 2017–2018, according
to a survey from the Center for Monitoring Indian Economy. As a result, finding alternative
sources of power generation is critical. To achieve economic development and stop
catastrophic climate change, the world would make a fast and global shift to clean energy
technology in this manner. Renewable energy sources are critical for ensuring long-term
energy security while reducing pollution. Renewable energy systems are widely
acknowledged as having the potential to meet a large portion of power demand while still
reducing pollution. The nation has established a renewable electricity supply route in recent
years.

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 Renewable Energy in India

II. RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA

Energy is a basic requirement for economic development and in every sector of Indian
economy. It is thus necessary that India quickly look towards new and emerging renewable
energy and energy efficient technologies as well as implement energy conservation laws.
Against this background, the country urgently needs to develop a sustainable path of energy
development. Promotion of energy conservation and increased use of renewable energy
sources are the twin planks of a sustainable energy supply. Fortunately, India is blessed
with a variety of renewable energy sources, like biomass, the solar, wind, geothermal and
small hydropower and implementing one of the world’s largest programs in renewable
energy.

i. Biomass:

In recent years, the interest in using biomass as an energy source has increased and it
represents approximately 14% of world final energy consumption. Estimates have
indicated that 15–50% of the world’s primary energy use could come from biomass by
the year 2050. Many countries have included the increased use of renewable sources on
their political agenda. Biomass is one such resource that could play a substantial role in a
more diverse and sustainable energy mix. The energy obtained from biomass is a form of
renewable energy and, in principle, utilizing this energy does not add carbon dioxide, a
major greenhouse gas, to the atmosphere, in contrast to fossil fuels. As per an estimate,
globally photosynthesis produces 220 billion dry tonnes of biomass each year with 1%
conversion efficiency.

ii. Solar Energy:

• Due to its favourable location in the solar belt (400 S to 400 N), India is one of
the best recipients of solar energy with abundant availability.
• The Bhadla Solar Park in Rajasthan’s Jodhpur district is the largest solar power
plant in the world Spanning 14,000 acres, the power plant is fully operational
and has a capacity of 2,250 MW.
• Adani Group aims to become the world’s largest solar power company by 2025
and the biggest renewable energy firm by 2030.

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 Renewable Energy in India

• The world's largest floating 600 MW solar energy project will be constructed at
the Omkareshwar Dam in the Khandwa district of Madhya Pradesh at the
estimated cost of Rs 3,000 crore The project is expected to begin power
generation by FY 23.

iii. Hydro Power:

• India has overtaken Japan, becoming the nation with the fifth largest
hydropower production capacity in the world with a total installed base at over
51.35 GW, and is only behind Canada, US, Brazil and China according to the
International Hydropower Association (IHA).
• India has the hydro power potential of around 145 GW, of which over 50 GW
is already being utilised.

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 Renewable Energy in India

• Hydro power projects in India are classified into conventional hydro projects
and small hydroelectric projects Small hydro projects are included in the
government’s renewable energy sources (RES) targets.
• A new hydro power policy for 2018-28 has been drafted for the growth of hydro
projects in the country.
• In February 2022 Nepal and India agreed to form a Joint Hydro Development
Committee to explore the possibility of viable hydropower projects.

iv. Geothermal Energy:

Geothermal energy is the inherent heat that exists within the earth. Thermal energy found
in rock and fluid that filled cracks and pores in the earth's crust can be used for a variety of
purposes. Drilling water or steam wells, equivalent to drilling for oil, is used to obtain this
electricity. Geothermal energy is a vast, underutilised heat and power resource that is
environmentally friendly (emits little to no greenhouse gases), dependable (average device
availability of 95 percent), and locally produced (making us less dependent on foreign oil)

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Renewable Energy in India

India's geothermal potential is reasonable; potential geothermal provinces can generate

10,600 MW of electricity. The rocks that cover India's soil range in age from over 4500
million years to the present day, and are spread in various geographical units. Archean,
Proterozoic, coastal and continental Palaeozoic, Mesozoic, Tertiary, and Quaternary rocks
are among them. The Geological Survey of India has reported over 300 hot spring locations.
However, geothermal power plants have not been fully used for a number of purposes, the
most important of which is the abundant and low-cost gas.

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Renewable Energy in India

III. STRATEGIES ADOPTED

i. Green Cities:

• In December 2020, Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi unveiled a plan to create
at least one ‘green’ city in each state that will be powered by renewable energy
sources, primarily solar energy.
• The houses in these ‘green’ cities will have roof-top solar energy panels and
solar street lamps. Additionally, waste-to energy plants will be set up to generate
renewable energy.

ii. Draft Electricity Rules:

• In August 2021, the Indian government proposed new rules for the purchase and
consumption of green energy.
• The rules were part of the government’s measures to encourage large-scale
energy consumers, including industries, to leverage renewable energy sources
for regular operations.
• The rules mandate that the electricity generated is to be used for the plant’s own
requirements and not be diverted to the electricity grid. The new rules also
emphasise on the use of hydrogen energy.

iii. Shift towards Non-Conventional Energy:

• India’s leading conventional energy producers are shifting towards non-

conventional energy resources to achieve their sustainability goals and
contribute towards generating clean energy.
• As of January 2022, 38.56% of the total power installed capacity in India is
from non-fossil based sources.
• 975.60 MW of renewable energy capacity was added in January 2022.

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Renewable Energy in India

IV. GOVERNMENT POLICIES

i. Repowering policy:

• Promotes optimum utilisation of wind energy resources by creating facilitative

framework for repowering.
• Providing interest rate rebate of 0.25% over and above the existing interest rate
rebate offered to new wind energy projects.
• All fiscal and financial benefits offered to new wind power projects will be
extended to repowering projects.

ii. Wind solar hybrid policy:

• Aims to achieve a hybrid wind solar capacity of 10 GW by 2022.

• Hybridisation of the two technologies will help in minimising variability and
optimal utilization of infrastructure including land and transmission systems.

iii. Renewable Purchase Obligations (RPOs):

• RPO’s are a mechanism by which state electricity commissions are obliged to

purchase certain percentage of power from renewable energy sources.
• Also, floor prices of the RPO have been set to provide certainty to companies
The floor price has been set at US$ 144 per MW.

iv. Developing solar parks and ultra-mega solar power projects:

• The Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) implemented large scale central
auctions for solar parks and has awarded contracts for 47 parks with over 25
GW of combined capacity.

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Renewable Energy in India

v. Clean Energy Innovation:

• In October 2021, India and the UK agreed on a joint plan for smart power and
renewable energy projects.
• In June 2021, India launched the Mission Innovation Cleantech Exchange, a
global initiative that will create a whole network of incubators across member
countries to accelerate clean energy innovation.

vi. Government Scheme:

• In November 2021 the government announced future plans to increase the funding
under the PLI scheme for domestic solar cells and module manufacturing to RS 24
000 crore (US$ 3.17 billion) from the existing Rs 4 500 crore (US$ 594.68 million)
to make India an exporting nation.
• In June 2021, the Ministry of Power proposed to revamp the ‘Renewable Energy
Certificate (REC) Mechanism’ and circulated a discussion paper for comments
from stakeholders in the power sector.

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Renewable Energy in India

V. FUTURE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA

India, faced with twin challenges on energy and environmental front, has no option but to
work towards increasing the role of renewable in the future energy systems. Renewable
energy technologies vary widely in their technological maturity and commercial status. In
India, renewable energy is at the take-off stage and businesses, industry, government and
customers have a large number of issues to address before these technologies could make
a real penetration. India with large renewable energy resources (solar PV, wind, solar
heating, small hydro and biomass) is to set to have large-scale development and deployment
of renewable energy projects. India would also have to look for international cooperation
in renewable energy through well-defined R&D projects with proper division of labour and
responsibilities for specific tasks with equitable financial burden and credit sharing
arrangements. Renewable energy development is considered in India to be of great
importance from the point of view of long-term energy supply security, environmental
benefits and climate change mitigation. The Integrated Energy Policy report has recognized
the need to maximally develop domestic supply options as well as the need to diversify
energy sources. The Committee has placed emphasis on higher use of renewables in all
forms of services. It is expected that the contribution from renewables in power generation
alone can be of the extent of 60,000MW in the year 2031–2032. By 2031–2032 renewables
will be the key driver in social inclusion of the poor in the development process. A modest
assessment of investments in the renewable energy sector will be about Rs. 300,000 crores
over the next 25 years. MNRE has included in its mission: energy security; increase in the
share of clean power; energy availability and access; energy affordability; and energy
equity.

A number of government and private organizations such as MNRE, Centre for Wind
Energy Technology, Universities, IITs, NITs, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOCL) and The
Energy Resource Institute (TERI) are involved in R&D of renewable energy sources.

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Renewable Energy in India

VI. MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS

• Over 4200MWgrid power from wind, small hydro, biomass and solar energy.
• 3600 remote villages/hamlets, including those in Sunderbans, Bastar, Ladakh and
the North East electrified through solar energy.
• Largest solar–steam cooking system for 15,000 persons/day setup at Tirupati
Tirumala Devasthanam.
• 7 lakh square meter collector area solar water heating systems installed.
• 3.5 million biogas plants installed for cooking and lighting applications.
• 35 million improved wood stoves in rural homes.
• Integrated Rural Energy Program implemented in 860 blocks.
• 30MW capacity Solar Photovoltaic products exported to various developed and
developing countries.
• 280 Energy Parks set-up in educational institutions for demonstration of renewable
energy systems and devices.
• Rs.25, 000 million direct subsidy given so far to beneficiaries/users of renewable
energy systems and devices, including subsidy for grid connected renewable power
projects.
• Rs. 32,000 million loan provided so far by Indian Renewable Energy Development
Agency Limited for 1600 renewable energy projects.
• Centre for Wind Energy Technology set up as a scientific and industrial research
organization for wind resource assessment, equipment certification and R&D at
Chennai in Tamil Nadu.
• Solar Energy Centre set up for development of solar energy systems and devices at
Gurgaon in Haryana.

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Renewable Energy in India

VII. CONCLUSION

Energy security, economic growth and environment protection are the national energy
policy drivers of any country of the world. The need to boost the efforts for further
development and promotion of renewable energy sources has been felt world over in light
of high prices of crude oil. A critical part of the solution will lie in promoting renewable
energy technologies as a way to address concerns about energy security, economic growth
in the face of rising energy prices, competitiveness, health costs and environmental
degradation. According to NAPCC other sources of renewable energy would be promoted.
Specific action points that have been mentioned include promoting deployment, innovation
and basic research in renewable energy technologies, resolving the barriers to development
and commercial deployment of biomass, hydropower, solar and wind technologies,
promoting straight (direct) biomass combustion and biomass gasification technologies,
promoting the development and manufacture of small wind electric generators, and
enhancing the regulatory/tariff regime in order to main stream renewable energy sources in
the national power system. Accordingly, increased focus is being laid on the deployment
of renewable power that is likely to account for around 5% in the electricity-mix by 2032.
Alternate fuels, essentially bio-fuels, are proposed to be progressively used for blending
with diesel and petrol, mainly for transport applications. Finally, renewable energy
provides enormous benefits and can contribute significantly in the national energy mix at
least economic, environmental and social costs and it is expected that the share of
renewable energy in the total generation capacity will increase in future.

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Renewable Energy in India

VIII. REFERENCES

1. https://www.ibef.org/industry/renewable-energy
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_India
3. https://www.academia.edu/71657250/PRESENT_AND_PROSPECTS_OF_RENE
WABLE_ENERGY_IN_INDIA

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