DC Assignment

1) Determine the Nyquist rate for a continuous time signal:

𝑥(𝑡) = 6 cos(50𝜋𝑡) = 20 sin(300𝜋𝑡) − 10 cos(100𝜋𝑡)
2) An analog signal is expressed by
𝑥(𝑡) = 3 cos(50𝜋𝑡) + 10 sin(300𝜋𝑡) − cos(100𝜋𝑡)
Calculate the Nyquist rate for this signal.
3) Define aliasing, ISI and Nyquist rate. Distinguish coherent detection and non-coherent
detection.
4) Draw the basic building block diagram of digital communication. Explain
significance of each block in brief.
5) How digital communication is more efficient than analog communication? Describe.
6) Explain PCM with block diagrams of transmitter and receiver and find out the error
probability in PCM systems.
7) Derive the expression for quantization error.
8) Draw the diagrams for ‘mid-rise quantization’ and ‘mid-tread quantization’.
9) What is the slope overload distortion and granular noise in delta modulation and how
it is removed in ADM? Explain with suitable diagrams.
10) What do you understand by ‘Differential PCM’? Describe it with suitable diagrams of
its generation and detection.
11) Outline the input-output characteristic of a compressor and expander. Describe the
companding process with explanation of the μ-law and A-law.
12) Suppose that 24 voice signals arrive at a channel bank already encoded as PCM
with 𝑟 = 64 𝑘𝑏𝑝𝑠 . The channel bank is a quasi-synchronous multiplexer whose output
frame is divided into 24 sub-frames, each sub-frame containing 3 control bits and 8
message and stuff bits. Calculate 𝑟 if 𝑠 = 1/3 and determine the throughput
efficiency.
13) A PCM system used a uniform quantizer followed by a 7-bit binary encoder. The bit
rate of the system is equal to 50 × 10 b/sec. Find (i) What is maximum message
signal bandwidth for which the system operates satisfactorily? (ii) Calculate the
output signal to quantization noise ratio when a full load sinusoidal modulating wave
of frequency 1 MHz is applied to the input.
14) Define the matched filter. Draw the diagram of matched filter receiver. List the
properties of matched filter.
15) Determine the output signal to noise ratio of a linear delta modulation system for a 2
kHz sinusoidal input signal sampled at 64 kHz. Slope overload distortion is not
present and the post reconstruction filter has a bandwidth of 4 kHz.
16) Draw the modulated waveforms of BASK. How does BASK differ from AM.
17) What are the phase states of the carrier when the bit stream 1001101100 is applied to
a QPSK modulator? Draw the resultant QPSK signals. Compare BPSK and QPSK.
18) Draw the neat block building diagrams of BFSK transmitter & BFSK receiver.
19) The binary sequence 11001000 is applied to the DPSK transmitter. (i) Sketch the
resulting waveform at the transmitter output. (ii) Applying this waveform to the
 DPSK receiver. Show that, in the absence of noise, the original binary sequence is
reconstructed at the receiver output.
20) Sketch the transmitted sequence of pulses for data stream 1110010100 for the
following line codes: Unipolar NRZ, Polar NRZ, Bipolar RZ/AMI, Split
phase/Manchester.
21) In a digital continuous-time communication system, the bit rate of NRZ data stream is
1 Mbps and carrier frequency of transmission is 100 MHz. Find the symbol rate of
transmission and bandwidth requirement of the channel in the following cases of
different techniques used: (i) BPSK system (ii) QPSK system (iii) 16 ary PSK system.
22) With the help of block diagram explain the term ‘digital multiplexing hierarchy’ for
digital communication and calculate the bit rates at various levels.
23) Describe the channel associated signalling? Make the frame structure for bit and byte
interleaving in T1 carrier system.
24) What is T1 carrier system? Explain these terms for T1 carrier system: (i) Bits/Frame
(ii) Frame Synchronization (iii) Bit Rate (iv) Bandwidth (v) Bit Slot Sharing.
25) Explain Unipolar ON – OFF signalling? Compare the BASK, BFSK and BPSK in
terms of bandwidth, noise immunity, system complexity and bit rate.