Name : Rohmatul isnaini

NIM : P1337434218005

Bacteria
Bacteria are small living things that can be found almost everywhere. They live on the ground, in oceans,
in the food that we eat and even in our bodies. They have been on earth long before there were any
other organisms. Bacteria are so small you can only see them with the help of a microscope. They have
only one cell and very simple structures.Bacteria have outer cell walls that protect the inside. A cell
membrane is inside the cell wall. It prevents harmful substances from getting in and out. Inside the
membrane is a soft, jelly-like substance called the cytoplasm. It has chemicals that help build the parts of
a cell and break down food. Within it is the nucleoid, which contains the DNA. It controls a cell’s growth
and other activities.Bacteria appear in different shapes. Spherical bacteria are round or ball-like. Rod-
shaped bacteria live in your intestine and form chains. Spiral-shaped bacteria have a twisted
form.Bacteria absorb nutrients and remove waste through their cell walls. They reproduce by splitting
themselves in the middle. The two new cells can then split into four cells and so on. In a short time, a
single bacteria can reproduce billions of times.Some bacteria can get inside the human body, reproduce
and cause an infection. These harmful.bacteria are called pathogens. Our immune system is in charge of
fighting off these bacteria. However, sometimes we need a vaccine to help fight off these intruders.
Vaccines are weak or dead forms of the bacteria itself. Such a substance helps our body fight off bacteria
in the future. Some examples of illnesses caused by bacterial infections are tuberculosis or
pneumonia.The best way to protect yourself from bacteria is to keep yourself clean and wash your
hands. Because bacteria may be transported by air, we should cover our nose and mouth when we
sneeze. Vitamins also help strengthen our immune system and fight off bacteria.Bacteria can be helpful
to the human body as well. They live in our stomach and help us digest food. Other bacteria create
cheese and yoghurt. Bacteria are at work in the soil and decompose dead plants and animals.
Answer

Bacteria
Bacteria are small living things that can be found everywhere. they live everywhere including food
even in our bodies. with the help of a microscope we can see bacteria because of their very small size.
bacteria have one cell and a very simple structure. there is an outer wall cell that protects the inside.
inside the cell wall there are cell membranes, to prevent harmful substances from entering and
leaving. there is jelly called cytoplasm in the membrane. cytoplasm has chemicals that help build
cells and break down food. there is DNA contained in the nucleoid which controls plant cells and
other activities. bacteria have a variety of forms. through cell walls, bacteria absorb nutrients and get
rid of waste. by dividing themselves in the middle, the bacteria reproduce. Two new cells can then be
split into 4 cells and so on. bacteria can reproduce billions of times in a short time. some bacteria can
enter the human body, reproduce, and can cause infections. This harmful bacterium is called a
pathogen. we need a vaccine to help fight this bacterium. vaccines can help our body fight bacteria in
the future. TB is a disease caused by a bacterial infection. we must keep ourselves clean and wash
our hands to protect from bacteria. vitamins also help strengthen our immune system and fight
bacteria. there are also bacteria that help the human body. they help us digest food. there are other
bacteria that make cheese and yogurt. others work on the ground, decompose plants, and dead
animals. and many other bacteria.