salt tables

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 salt tables

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contents    c
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 Table
 Table 1 - Concentration Conversions
Conversions for Brines ....................
............................................
....................................1
............1     S

 Table
 Table 2 - Sodium Chloride .................................................
........................................................................
..............................................
........................2
.2
 Table
 Table 3 - Calcium Chloride .....................
............................................
..............................................
..............................................
............................3
.....3
 Table
 Table 4 - Calcium Chloride continued .......................
..............................................
..............................................
............................4
.....4
 Table
 Table 5 - Sodium-Calcium Chloride Blends ............................
....................................................
....................................6
............6
 Table
 Table 6 - Magnesium Chloride .................................
........................................................
..............................................
................................7
.........7
 Table
 Table 7 - Potassium Chloride.....................
Chloride............................................
..............................................
..............................................
.........................8
..8
 Table
 Table 8 - Potassium Carbonate ................................
.......................................................
..............................................
................................9
.........9
 Table
 Table 9 - Ammonium Chloride ..................................
.........................................................
..............................................
............................10
.....10

 Table 10 – Potassium Bromide ..................................

 Table .........................................................
..............................................
............................11
.....11
 Table
 Table 11 – Formulating Calcium-Chloride/Calcium-Bromide Using 11.6
lb/gal CaCl2 Brine, 14.2 lb/gal CaBr2 Brine, and Sack CaCl2   .....................12
 Table
 Table 12 – Formulating Calcium Bromide Base Solutions Using Solid 94%
CaCl2 and Liquid 14.2 lb/gal CaBr ....................
...........................................
..............................................
........................13
.13
 Table
 Table 13 – Formulating Calcium Bromide Base Solutions
Solut ions Using 95% Powder
CaBr2 .......................
..............................................
..............................................
..............................................
...............................................
................................14
........14
 Table
 Table 14 – Formulating Sodium Bromide Base Solutions Using 10.0 lb/gal
NaCl Brine and
a nd 12.4 lb/gal
lb/ gal NaBr Brine .......................
..............................................
.......................................15
................15
 Table
 Table 15 – Formulating Sodium Bromide Base Solutions Using Powder NaCl,
Powder NaBr and Fresh Water .............................................
.....................................................................
................................16
........16
 Table
 Table 16 – Formulating Sodium Bromide (95% purity) Brine ...........................17
 Table
 Table 17 – Formulating Sodium Formate Brine .........................................
.....................................................18
............18
 Table
 Table 18 – Formulating Potassium Formate
Formate Brine ................................................20
................................................20
 Table
 Table 19 – Formulating Potassium Suphate Brine ....................................
................................................22
............22

 
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salt tables
    S  The following
following table details the maximum brine densities achievable with the
ain type of brines used in the oil industry

Brine Maximum Density Maximum Density

  (lb/gal) (SG)
NaCl 10.0 1.20
CaCl2 11.6 1.39
CaCl2 /CaBr   15.6 1.87
KCl 9.6 1.16
NaBr 12.6 1.51
CaBr2 15.1 1.81
ZnBr2 19.2 2.30
NaCOOH 11.2 1.34
KCOOH 13.0 1.56
CsCOOH 19.5 2.34
Table 1 - Concentration Conversions for Brines

o at C or e Sa t C or e Sa t C or e
From (% wt) (% wt) (ppm) (ppm) (mg/l) (mg/l)

Sa t x 1/ actor x 4
. x 1/ actor x 10 x   x 1/ actor x
wt 4
G     SG
C- x actor x 4 x actor x 4
x actor . 4 x     G
(% wt)   G

Salt -4 x 1/ actor x x 1/ actor x

x 4 . x 1/ actor SG
(ppm)

x actor x - x actor x
C -(p
-(ppm)
pm) 4 x x actor . SG
SG

Sa t x x 1/ actor x x 1/ actor x
-4 x1/ G . x 1/ actor
(mg/l)  10   1/SG  /SG

Cl- x factor x
x 10 x factor x x 1 / SG x actor .
(mg/
(m g/ )  10 /SG
/S G  /SG

at Factor
Factor 1/Factor
1/Factor

CaC 2   1.5642 0.6393

NaC 1.6488 0.6065
KC 2.103 0.4755

 
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Table 2 - Sodium Chloride    c
   e
–     S
We g t Dens ty
Dens Dens ty
Dens a NaC
Na C ater ryst. Pt. ater
(%) ( g/ ) ( /ga ) (mg/
(mg/ ) (mg/ )
(mg/ ( / ) ( ) (¡F) Act v ty
. . , , . . . .
.013 .44 12,254 7,946 7.1 .992 29.9 .989
. . , , . . . .
.027 .56 24,932 16,168 14.4 .986 27.7 .977
. . , , . . . .
.041 .68 37,914 24,586 1.9 .979 25.3 .964
. . , , . . . .
.056 .81 51,260 33,240 9.6 .971 22.9 .950
. . , , . . . .
10 .071 .93 64,970 42,130 7.5 .964 20.2 .935

. . , , . . . .
12 .086 .05 79,044 51,256 45.6 .955 17.3 .919
. . , , . . . .
14 .101 .18 93,481 60,619 53.9 .947 14.1 .902
. . , , . . . .
16 .116 .31 08,344 70,256 2.5 .938 10.6 .883
. . , , . . . .
18 .132 .44 23,570 80,130 71.3 .928 .7 .862
. . , , . . . .
0 .148 .57 39,282 90,318 0.4 .918 .4 .839
. . , , . . . .
2 .164 .71 55,357 00,743 9.6 .908 2.5 .815
. . , , . . . .
4 .180 .84 71,858 11,442 9.2 .897 .4 .788
. . , , . . . .
6 .197 .98 88,843 22,457 109.0 .886 27.9 .759

 volume salt = 100 x (1.0 - bbl water).

roperties based on 20°C and 100% purity

 
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   c Table 3 - Calcium Chloride
   e
    S
Dens
Dens ty Dens
Dens ty Water w t Water w t
  y Wt aC 2 aC 2
/ga / / 100% CaC 5% CaC
1.009 .42 3.53 .72 41.93 41.91
1.017 .49 7.13 7.50 41.85 41.81
1.026 .56 0.78 11.35 41.78 41.71
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
1.068 .91 9.94 31.52 41.27 41.08
1.077 .98 3.95 35.74 41.14 40.93
10 1.085 .05 8.03 40.03 41.01 40.77
1.094 .13 2.18 44.40 40.90 40.63
. . . . . .
. . . . . .

. . . . . .
15 1.132 .44 59.49 62.62 40.40 40.02
16 1.141 .52 3.98 67.35 40.25 39.85
17 1.151 .60 8.55 72.16 40.10 39.67
18 1.160 .68 73.18 77.03 39.95 39.49
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
2 1.200 10.01 2.53 97.40 39.31 38.73
3 1.210 10.10 7.55 02.68 39.14 38.52
4 1.220 10.18 102.62 08.02 38.95 38.30
5 1.231 10.27 107.82 13.49 38.76 38.08
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
9 1.273 10.62 129.39 36.20 37.96 37.14
0 1.284 10.71 135.00 42.11 37.75 36.90
1 1.295 10.81 140.70 48.11 37.53 36.64
2 1.306 10.90 146.48 54.19 37.30 36.38
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
6 1.351 11.27 170.47 79.44 36.32 35.24
7 1.363 11.37 176.76 86.06 36.06 34.95
8 1.375 11.47 183.13 92.77 35.81 34.65
9 1.387 . 189.53 99.50 35.53 34.33
. . . . . .

Properties based on 20°C

 
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Table 4 - Calcium Chloride continued…    c
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    S
  y Dens
Dens ty Dens
Dens ty CaC Vo Vo ryst. Pt.
Aw
t G /ga mg/ mg/ Increase Increase (°F)
Factor Factor
100% 95%
CaC CaC
.009 8.42 10,085 6,454 1.002 .002 31.1 .998
. . , , . . . .
. . , , . . . .
. . , , . . . .
. . , , . . . .
.051 8.77 63,060 40,358 1.013 .016 26.8 .979
.060 8.84 74,165 47,466 1.016 .019 25.9 .973
.068 8.91 85,440 54,682 1.018 .022 24.6 .967
. . , , . . . .
10 . . , , . . . .
. . , , . . . .
. . , , . . . .
.113 9.28 44,625 92,560 1.034 .041 17.6 .923
.122 9.36 57,080 00,531 1.037 .045 15.5 .912
15 .132 9.44 69,725 08,624 1.041 .049 13.5 .900
16 . . , , . . . .
17 . . , , . . . .
18 . . , , . . . .
. . , , . . . .
.180 9.85 36,000 51,040 1.060 .073 –0.4 .832
.190 9.93 49,900 59,936 1.065 .079 –3.9 .816
2 .200 0.01 64,000 68,960 1.069 .084 –7.8 .800
3 . . , , . . – . .
4 . . , , . . – . .
5 . . , , . . – . .
. . , , . . – . .
.252 0.44 37,905 16,259 1.095 .116 –31.2 .707

9 .262
.273 0.53
0.62 53,360
69,170 26,150
36,269 1.100
1.107 .124
.131 –37.8
–49.4 .686
.665
0 . 0.71 , , . . – . .
1 . . , , . . – . .
2 . . , , . . – . .
. . , , . . – . .
.328 1.08 51,520 88,973 1.141 .173 4.3 .548
.340 1.18 68,825 00,048 1.149 .182 14.4 .522
6 .351 1.27 86,360 11,270 1.156 .192 24.1 .496
7 . . , , . . . .
8 . . , , . . . .
9 . . , , . . . .
. . , , . . . .

Properties based on 20°C

 
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   c Properties of Calcium Chloride Solutions (at 20°C)
   e
    S When Using
Using CaCl with purity other than
than 95%:

New CaCl2 (lbm/bbl) = 95 x 95%

95% CaCl (lbm/bbl) / % Purity
Purity
Volume increase from salt = 42 / New water
⎛  New CaCl 
CaCl   2   ppb − 95%CaCl   2   ppb ⎞
New
New Wat
Water
er ( gal 
ga )
l  /   bbl  = Wa
Wate
terr ( gal 
ga )
l  /   bbl  − ⎜⎜
8.345
⎟⎟
 
⎝ ⎠

Example: 35% CaCl  2 brine using 78% CaCl 

New CaCl 2 (lbm/bbl) = 95 x 172.97 / 78 = 210.67 
⎛ 210.67 − 172.97 ⎞
New
New Water
Water ppb =  35 .53 − ⎜⎜
ppb ⎟⎟ =  31 .01
⎝ 8.345 ⎠

Volume increase from 78% salt = 42 / 31.01 = 1.354

Metric Conversions:
CaCl2 (g/l) = CaCl2 (lb
 (lb/bbl)
/bbl) x 2.857
2. 85714
14
H2O (ml
(ml/l
/l)) = H (g(gal
al/b
/bbl
bl)) x 23
23.8
.808
086
6
CaCl2 (ppm) = % Wt x 10,000
Cl– (ppm)
(ppm) = CaCl
CaCl (ppm) x 0.63
0.6399
mg/l = ppm x specific gravity (S.G.)

Formulas:
Salt (lbm/bbl water) = Volume incr.
incr. factor x CaCl
CaCl (lbm/bbl)
3
S.G. = 1.0036 [0.99707
[0 .99707 + 7.923
7.923 (10 ) (% wt CaCl
+ 4.964(1
4.964 (100 -5 ) (% wt CaCl 2 )2]
+ 8.94922(10 -5  (% wt CaCl2 )2
0.99 989 - 1.39359 (10-3  (% wt CaCl2 )
Aw = 0.99989
3. 50352 (10-4 ) (% wt CaCl2 )
– 3.50352

Wt CaC  2
 2 = 100% CaC     pp x % Purity
Purit y CaC 
SG x 350

 
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Table 5 - Sodium-Calcium Chloride Blends    c
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    S
Dens
De ns ty Water 100% NaC
100% NaC 4 - 97% CaC Cryst. Pt.
( /ga at 60° F) ( ) ( / ) ( / ) (°F)
. . -
10.2 .875 70 52 -10
. . -
10.4 .876 41 89 -21
. . -
10.6 .868 25 116 -32
. . -
10.8 .864 16 135 -42
. . -
11.0 .859 10 151 -12

. .

 
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   c Table 6 - Magnesium Chloride
   e
    S – +
We g t Dens ty
Dens Dens ty
Dens C g2 MgC ater Cryst. Pt. ater
(%) ( g/ ) ( /ga ) (mg/
(mg/ ) (mg/
(mg/ ) ( / ) ( ) (¡F) Act v ty
. . , , . . . .
2 1.014 .46 15,106 5,178 7.21 .9941 0.1 .990
. . , , . . .
4 1.031 .59 30,703 10,524 14.88 .9897 7.9 .978
. . , , . . . .
6 1.048 .74 46,814 16,047 3.07 .985 4.3 .964
. . , , . . . .
8 1.065 .88 63,444 21,747 31.77 .9799 1.5 .948
. . , , . . . .
0 1.083 .02 80,608 27,631 41.03 .9744 18 .929

. . , , . . . .
4 1.119 .33 116,635 39,980 61.36 .9623 5.8 .879
. . , , . . . .
8 1.155 .63 154,838 53,075 84.11 .9474 -13 .812
. . , , . . - . .
2 1.194 .95 195,553 67,031 109.77 .9312 -18.5 .727
. . , , . . - . .
6 1.235 10.29 239,006 81,926 138.75 .9136 -5 .624
. . , , . . . .
0 1.276 10.64 285,091 97,723 171.09 .8934 .4 .507

% volume salt = 100 x (1.0 - bbl water).

roperties based on 20°C and 100% purity

 
 salt tables   08

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Table 7 - Potassium Chloride    c
   e
–     S
We g t Dens ty
Dens Dens ty
Dens KC ater ryst. Pt. ater
(%) ( g/ ) ( /ga ) (mg/
(mg/ ) (mg/
(mg/ ) ( / ) ( ) (¡F) Act v ty
. . , , . . . .
.011 .43 ,606 10,594 0.991 7.1 30.3 .991
. . , , . . . .
.024 .54 19,498 21,502 0.983 14.4 28.7 .982
. . , , . . . .
.037 .65 29,579 32,621 0.975 21.8 27.0 .973
. . , , . . . .
.050 .76 39,947 44,053 0.966 29.4 25.2 .963
. . , , . . . .
10 .063 .87 50,551 55,749 0.957 37.2 23.4 .953

. . , , . . . .
12 .077 .98 61,442 67,758 0.948 45.2 21.4 .942
. . , , . . . .
14 .091 .09 72,617 80,083 0.938 53.4 20.0 .930
. . , , . . . .
16 .104 .21 84,030 92,670 0.928 61.8 17.0 .918
. . , , . . . .
18 .119 .33 95,729 05,571 0.917 70.5 15.0 .906
. . , , . . . .
0 .133 .45 07,760 18,840 0.906 79.3 13.0 .892
. . , , . . . .
4 .162 .69 32,632 46,268 0.883 97.6 59.0 .862

 volume salt = 100 x (1.0 - bbl water).

roperties based on 20°C and 100% purity

 
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Table 8 - Potassium Carbonate
   c
   e
    S t S.G. Dens
Dens ty K O3 K CO3 K O3 Water
(20° C) /ga mg/ mg/ / ga /
  . . , , , . .
1.02 .49 0,300 11,487 ,815 7.105 1.83
. . , , , . .
1.04 .64 1,400 3,427 17,977 4.49 .
. . , , , . .
1.05 .80 3,200 5,763 27,443 2.12 .
. . , , , . .
1.07 .95 5,700 48,496 37,213 9.995 1.40
. . , , , . .
10 1.09 .11 109,000 61,680 47,331 8.15 1.22
. . , , , . .
12 . .27 133,200 75,375 57,839 6.62 1.01
. . , , , . .
1.13 .43 158,100 89,465 68,651 55.335 0.79
. . , , , . .
16 . .60 183,800 104,008 79,811 4.33 0.54
. . , , , . .
18 . .77 10,500 119,117 91,405 73.675 0.27
. . , , , . .
20 1.19 .94 38,000 134,678 03,346 83.3 9.98
. . , , , . .
24 1.23 10.29 95,700 167,329 28,401 103.495 9.32
. . , , , . .
28 1.28 10.66 57,100 202,074 55,062 124.985 8.57
. . , , , . .
32 1.32 11.03 422,600 239,139 83,504 147.91 7.71
. . , , , . .
36 1.37 11.42 492,000 278,411 13,639 72.2 6.74
. . , , , . .
40 1.42 11.81 565,600 320,059 45,598 197.96 5.63

 
 salt tables 10

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Table 9 - Ammonium Chloride    c
   e
    S
% y We g t
Dens ty
Dens Spec
Spec c Gr
Grav ty s NH4C pe
perr s Water per Ammon
Amm on um
/ga @ 60° F Br ne Br ne or e
(NH4C )
8.4 .007 7.0 0.990 1.98
. . . . .
8.5 .020 19.0 0.969 5.30
. . . . .
8.7 .044 42.0 0.919 11.50
. . . . .
8.9 .068 65.0 0.881 17.40
. . . . .
.1 .128 88.0 0.840 23.00
. . . . .
.5 .139 135.0 0.750 33.90

 
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   c Table 10 – Potassium Bromide
   e
    S
Dens
Dens ty  Water per s KBr per Cr ys
ysta zat on
% KBr
/ga Br ne Br ne Po nt, °F (LCTD)
(LCTD)
. . – –
8.6 0.985 5.1 4.2 0
. . . .
8.8 0.974 8.1 7.6 9
. . . .
9.0 0.962 0.8 10.8 7
. . . .
9.2 0.954 52.6 13.6 6
. . . .
9.4 0.942 4.7 16.4 5

. . . .
9.6 0.932 76.6 19.0 3
. . . .
9.8 0.922 8.5 21.5 2
. . . .
0.0 0.911 00.8 24.0 19
. . . .
0.2 0.901 12.7 26.3 17
. . . .
0.4 0.888 25.4 28.7 15
. . . .
0.6 0.878 37.6 30.9 12
. . . .
0.8 0.865 50.6 33.2 0
. . . .
1.0 0.854 62.6 35.2 3
. . . .
1.2 0.842 75.5 37.3 49
. . . .
. 0.829 88.2 39.3 6
. . . .

 
 salt tables   12

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Table 11 – Formulating Calcium-Chloride/Calcium-Bromide
Calcium-Chloride/Calcium-Bromide Using    c
   e
11.6 lb/gal CaCl2 Brine, 14.2 lb/gal CaBr2 Brine, and Sack CaCl     S

Br ne Den
Denss ty at
at 11.6 /ga 14.2 /ga
14.2 94-97% CaC 2 ( ) rysta sat on
0ºF (lb/gal) CaCl
CaCl (bbl
(bbl)) aBrr (bbl
aB (bbl)) (F a e or Pe et) Point (ºF)
. .9714 .0246 3.5 +45
. . . . +
11.9 . . . +
12.0 .8857 .0984 3.9 +54
. .8572 .1229 . +
12.2 . . . +
12.3 . . . +
. .7715 .1967 7.8 +56
. .7429 .2213 1.2 +
12.6 . . . +
12.7 .6857 .2705 8.2 +58
. .6572 .2951 . +58
12.9 . . . +
13.0 . . . +
. .5714 .3689 52.1 +60
. .5429 .3935 . +60
13.3 . . . +
13.4 .4851 .4432 2.6 +61
. .4572 .4672 6.0 +61
13.6 . . +
13.7 . . . +
. .3714 .5411 75.4 +63
. .3429 .5656 79.8 +63
14.0 . . . +
. .2857 .6149 6.8 +64

. .2572 .6394 0.3 +64

14.3 . . . +
14.4 . . +
. .1715 .7132 100.7 +65
. .1429 .7378 104.2 +66
14.7 . . . +
14.8 .0858 .7869 111.1 +67
. .0572 .8116 114.6 +67
15.0 . . . +
15.1 . . . +

 
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   c able 12 – Formulating Calcium Bromide Base Solutions Using Solid
   e
    S 94% CaCl2 and Liquid 14.2 lb/gal CaBr
CaC 2/C
/CaB
aBrr De
Dens
ns ty at
at 60º
60º F  Ca
 CaC per  14.
14.2
2 /ga  Fres
 Fres Wat
ater
er
aBrr per
aB per Br ne
/ga / t3 Brine per
per Br ne
. 87.52 193.39 .0254 0.8163
. . . . .
1.9 . . . .
2.0 89.76 185.85 .1016 0.7443
. 90.51 183.28 .1269 0.7203
2.2 . . . .
2.3 . . . .
. 92.75 175.56 .2032 0.6483
. 93.50 172.99 .2286 0.6243
2.6 . . . .
2.7 95.00 167.83 .2794 0.5762
. 95.74 165.27 .3048 0.5523
3.0 . . . .
3.1 . . . .
. 98.74 154.97 .4064 0.4562
. 99.48 152.40 .4318 0.4322
3.4 . . . .
3.5 100.98 147.26 .4826 0.3842
. 101.73 144.68 .5080 0.3602
3.7 . . . .
3.8 . . . .
. 103.97 136.98 .5842 0.2882
. 104.72 134.40 .6069 0.2641
4.1 . . . .
4.2 106.22 129.26 .6604 0.2161

. 106.96 126.68 .6858 0.1921

4.4 . . . .
4.5 . . . .
. 109.21 118.97 .7620 0.1201
. 109.96 116.39 .7875 0.0961
4.8 . . . .
4.9 111.45 111.25 .8382 0.0481
. 112.20 108.67 .8637 00.241
5.1 . . . .

 
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Table 13 – Formulating Calcium Bromide Base Solutions Using 95%    c

Powder CaBr    e

    S

Br ne De
Dens
ns ty bbls Fresh Water s 95% CaBr
3 per bbl Brine per
per Br ne
/ga /t
. 82.28 .889 150.8
. . . .
11.2 . . .
11.3 84.52 .878 167.4
. 85.27 .869 .
11.5 . . .
11.6 . . .
. 87.52 .863 188.9
. 88.26 .849 198.3
11.9 . . .
12.0 976 .848 07.0
. 90.51 .840 14.1
12.3 . . .
12.4 . . .
. 93.50 .821 37.7
. 94.25 .819 42.4
12.7 . . .
12.8 95.74 .808 54.8
. 96.49 .797 66.5
13.0 . . .
13.1 . . .
. 98.74 .791 77.3
. 99.48 .789 82.4
13.4 . . .
13.5 00.98 .775 95.6

. 01.73 .772 00.8

13.7 . . .
13.8 . . .
. 03.97 .755 19.7
. 04.72 .751 25.1
14.1 . . .
14.2 06.22 .744 35.9
. 06.96 .740 41.5

 
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   c Table 14 – Formulating Sodium Bromide Base Solutions Using 10.0 lb/
   e
    S gal NaCl Brine and 12.4 lb/gal NaBr Brine

 10
10.0
.0 /g/ga
a NaC
NaC bbl 12.4 NaBr per Cr ys
ysta sat on
Dens ty ( /ga )
per F na Br ne bbl Final Brine Po nt (ºF) (LCT
(LCTD)
D)
. 1.000 .000 0
0.1 . .
. 0.917 .083
0.3 . .
. 0.833 .167
0.5 . .
. 0.750 .250
0.7 . .
. 0.667 .333

0.9 . .
. 0.583 .417
1.2 . .
. 0.458 .542
1.4 . .
. 0.375 .625
1.6 . .
. 0.292 .708
1.8 . .
. 0.208 .792 3
2.0 . .
. 0.125 .875 2
2.2 . .
. 0.042 .958 9
2.4 . .

Note: Crystallisation points need to be determined for fluids that do not have
the data detailed before use in the field.

 
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Table 15 – Formulating Sodium Bromide Base Solutions Using Powder    c

NaCl, Powder NaBr and Fresh Water

Water    e
    S

 Water per s NaC

NaC per s NaBr per rysta sat on
Denss ty
Den /ga
/ga
bbl Brine bbl Brine Br ne Point, °F (LCTD)
. .886 110.0 30
10.1 . . .
. .880 102.0 8.6
10.3 . . .
. .874 3.7 7.1
10.5 . . .
. .868 85.6 55.7
10.7 . . .
. .862 77.4 74.3

10.9 . . .
. .856 69.3 2.8
11.1 . . .
. .850 61.2 111.0
11.3 . . .
. .844 52.9 130.0
11.5 . . .
. .838 44.8 149.0
11.7 . . .
. .832 6.6 167.0
11.9 . . .
. .826 8.5 186.0 37
12.1 . . .
. .820 0.4 204.0 47
12.3 . . .
. .815 12.2 223.0 53
12.5 . . .
. .809 4.1 242.0 60
12.7 . .

Note: Crystallisation points need to be determined

deter mined for fluids that do not have
the data detailed before use in the field.

 
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   c Table 16 – Formulating Sodium Bromide (95% purity) Brine
   e
    S
Requ reme
rements
nts or 1 Requ reme
rements
nts or 1 Crysta sat on Po
Po nt
Br ne at 20º
20º C / 68º F 3
Br ne m  Br ne
3
/ga Water ga NaBr s ater m NaBr g
. 1.007 41.81 4.08 .996 11.65 31.0 - 0.6
8.5 . . . . . . - .
8.6 . . . . . . - .
. 1.043 41.35 20.60 .984 58.77 29.0 - 1.7
. 1.055 41.18 26.15 .981 74.62 28.0 - 2.2
8.9 . . . . . . - .
9.0 . . . . . . - .
. 1.091 40.69 42.92 .969 122.45 24.0 - 4.4
9.2 . . . . . . - .
9.3 . . . . . . - .
. 1.127 40.17 59.84 .956 170.72 21.0 - 6.1
. 1.139 39.99 65.52 .952 186.92 20.0 - 6.7
9.6 . . . . . . - .
9.7 . . . . . . - .
. 1.175 39.46 82.58 .939 235.62 16.0 - 8.9
9.9 . . . . . . - .
0.0 . . . . . .   .
. 1.211 38.90 99.81 .926 284.75 12.0  11.1
. 1.223 38.72 05.56 .922 301.18 11.0   .
0.3 . . . . . .   .
0.4 . . . . . .   .
. 1.259 38.16 22.86 .909 350.52 6.0  14.4
0.6 . . . . . .   .
0.7 . . . . . .   .
. 1.295 37.59 40.19 .895 399.98 .0  16.7

. 1.307 37.40 46.02 .890 416.62 0.0  17.8

1.0 . . . . . - .   .
. . . . . . - .   .
. 1.343 36.80 63.58 .876 466.72 - 5.0  20.6
1.3 1.354 36.61 69.40 .872 483.32 - 7.0  21.7
1.4 . . . . . - .   .
. 1.379 36.21 81.14 .862 516.79  11.0  23.9
. 1.391 36.02 86.98 .858 533.47  14.0  25.6
1.7 . . . . .   .   .

Note: It is recommended to confirm crystallisation points before use in the

field.

 
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Table 17 – Formulating Sodium Formate Brine    c

   e
    S
s
a a In t a H 2   Dens
Dens ty Corre
Correct
ct on So um
HCOONa Act v ty
t (g/ ) (m/) ( /ga ) actor (mg/
(mg/ )
H

. 0.05 996.6 .371 1.0034 397 .53 0.992

. . . . . . .
3.0 . . . . . .
4.0 40.86 982.4 .509 1.0179 13813 14.56 0.972
. 51.38 977.9 .559 1.0226 17367 18.39 0.965
. 2.02 973.4 .611 1.0273 20966 2.30 0.958
. . . . . . .
8.0 . . . . . .
9.0 4.75 958.8 .770 1.0419 32030 4.55 0.938
. 105.83 956.1 .824 1.0470 35808 8.82 0.932
. . . . . . .

2.0 . . . . . .
3.0 . . . . . .
4.0 151.97 935.2 .042 1.0693 51372 56.87 0.906
. 163.81 930.0 .097 1.0763 55375 61.65 0.900
. . . . . . .
7.0 . . . . . .
8.0 00.16 913.5 .263 1.0947 67660 76.69 0.880
. 12.56 907.7 .318 1.1016 71848 1.95 0.873
. 26.08 901.9 .374 1.1087 76084 7.34 0.866
. . . . . . .
2.0 . . . . . .
3.0 53.56 883.9 .546 1.1313 89092 104.36 0.844
. 76.69 877.8 .604 1.1392 93532 110.33 0.836
. . . . . . .
6.0 . . . . . .
7.0 . . . . . .
8.0 30.90 852.4 .844 1.1731 11857 135.87 0.800
. 44.89 845.9 .907 1.1822 16586 142.70 0.790
. . . . . . .
1.0 . . . . . .
2.0 87.96 826.9 10.099 1.2108 31143 164.41 0.759
. 402.68 819.0 10.165 1.2210 36119 172.08 0.748
. 417.58 812.1 10.231 1.2314 179.98 0.736
. . . . . . .
6.0 . . . . . .
7.0 463.30 790.3 10.431 1.2654 56613 205.19 0.702
. 478.85 782.7 10.497 1.2776 61868 214.13 0.691
. . . . . . .
40.0 . . . . . .

 
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   c
s
   e
    S HCOONa HCOONa In t a H Dens ty
Dens orrect on
orrect o um HCOONa Act v ty
(Wt%) (g/ ) (m/) ( /ga ) Factor (mg/
(mg/ )
/ H2

. 526.14 758.5 0.690 .3184 177855 42.78 .660

. . . . . . .
43.0 . . . . . .
44.0 573.79 731.6 0.863 .3669 193962 74.51 .636
. 589.58 721.9 0.913 .3863 199293 86.86 .630
. . . . . . .
47.0 . . . . . .
48.0 . . . . . .
49.0 50.45 78.2 1.058 .4746 219874 35.67 .617

 
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Table 18 – Formulating Potassium Formate Brine    c
   e
    S
s
a   In t a H 2   De
Dens
ns ty Corre
Correct
ct on Po
Potas
tasss um
HCOOK Act v ty
(Wt%) (g/l) (ml/l) (lb/gal) Factor (mg/l)
/ H2O

. 0.06 998.0 .382 1.0020 4677 .53 0.994

. . . . . . .
3.0 . . . . . .
4.0 40.97 985.1 .533 1.0161 19044 14.56 0.984
. 51.51 980.4 .581 1.0200 23841 18.39 0.980
. 2.16 975.5 .629 1.0261 28890 2.30 0.975
. . . . . . .
8.0 . . . . . .
9.0 4.78 960.1 .772 1.0416 44063 4.55 0.961
. 105.88 954.7 .820 1.0476 49214 8.82 0.956
. . . . . . .

2.0 . . . . . .
3.0 . . . . . .
. 151.49 932.3 .014 1.0726 70413 56.87 0.934
. 163.21 928.5 .063 1.0793 75858 61.65 0.928
. . . . . . .
7.0 . . . . . .
8.0 199.14 908.9 .216 1.1003 92561 76.68 0.908
. 11.40 902.9 .268 1.1076 98257 1.95 0.901
. 23.80 896.8 .321 . 04019 7.34 0.894
. . . . . . .
2.0 . . . . . .
3.0 61.88 878.3 .485 1.1386 21721 104.36 0.870
. 74.88 872.0 .541 1.1467 27763 110.33 0.862
. . . . . . .
6.0 . . . . . .
7.0 . . . . . .
8.0 28.49 846.2 .773 1.1817 52680 135.87 0.827
. 42.30 839.6 .832 1.1911 59100 142.70 0.818
. . . . . . .
1.0 . . . . . .
2.0 84.76 819.1 10.016 1.2209 78833 164.41 0.789
. 99.25 812.1 10.078 1.2314 85569 172.08 0.780
. 413.92 804.9 10.141 1.2423 92386 179.98 0.770
. . . . . . .
6.0 . . . . . .
7.0 458.96 782.9 10.333 1.2773 13320 205.19 0.740
. 474.32 775.3 10.398 1.2899 20459 214.13 0.730
. . . . . . .
40.0 . . . . . .

 
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    S a   In t a H Dens ty
Dens Correct
Correct on Po
Potas
tasss um s
HCOOK Act v ty
(Wt%) (g/l) (ml/l) (lb/gal) Factor  (mg/l)
H O

41.0 . . . . . .
42.0 537.50 743.6 10.660 .3448 249826 52.99 0.689
. 553.73 735.3 0.727 .3599 257369 63.56 0.678
. . . . . . .
45.0 . . . . . .
46.0 . . . . . .
47.0 20.38 700.8 0.996 .4269 288348 09.82 0.638
. 37.48 91.8 1.063 . 296296 22.50 0.627
. . . . . . .
50.0 . . . . . .
51.0 89.84 64.0 1.267 .5081 320630 63.63 0.597
. 707.65 54.4 1.336 .5281 328908 78.48 0.587
. 725.64 44.7 1.405 .5512 337272 93.97 0.576
. . . . . . .
55.0 . . . . . .
56.0 780.76 14.6 1.614 .6272 362893 444.65 0.546
. 799.54 04.2 1.684 .6550 371618 463.12 0.535
. . . . . . .
59.0 . . . . . .
60.0 . . . . .
61.0 76.80 561.6 1.973 .7807 407529 546.45 0.493
. 96.71 550.6 2.048 .8162 416783 570.02 0.482
. . . . . . .
64.0 . . . . . .
65.0 58.06 516.8 2.278 .9349 445300 48.83 0.447
. 79.11 505.3 2.358 .9790 455083 78.19 0.436
. 000.49 493.7 2.439 .0267 465020 709.33 0.423
. . . . . . .

69.0 . . . . . .
70.0 066.84 458.0 2.695 .1832 495861 15.20 0.381
. 089.79 445.9 2.788 .2425 506525 55.35 0.366
. . . . . . .
73.0 . . . . . .
74.0 . . . . . .
75.0 186.56 98.2 3.179 .5238 551503 1048.11 0.294

 
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able 19 – Formulating Potassium
Potassium Sulphate Brine    c
   e
    S
––
eg t Dens ty
Dens Dens ty
Dens O4 K2SO4 Water ryst. Pt.
 (mg/
 (mg/ )
(%) ( g/ ) ( /ga ) (mg/
(mg/ ) ( / ) ( ) (°F)
. . . , , . . .
1.0 1.008 8.41 4,532 5,568 .5 0.996 1.5
. . . , , . . .
.0 1.016 8.47 ,110 1,190 7.1 0.994 1.1
. . . , , . . .
.0 1.024 8.54 13,776 6,924 10.7 0.992 1.9
. . . , , . . .
4.0 1.032 8.61 18,488 2,712 14.4 0.989 1.8
. . . , , . . .
5.0 1.041 8.68 23,290 8,610 18.2 0.987 9.9

. . . , , . . —
.0 1.049 8.75 28,181 4,619 22.0 0.984 —
. . . , , . . —
7.0 1.057 8.82 33,162 0,738 25.9 0.981 —
. . . , , . . —
.0 1.066 8.89 38,188 6,912 29.8 0.979 —
. . . , , . . —
.0 1.074 8.96 43,304 53,196 33.8 0.976 —
. . . , , . . —
10.0 1.083 9.03 48,509 59,591 37.8 0.973 —

 volume salt = 100 x (1.0 - bbl water).

roperties based on 20°C and 100% purity

 
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