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A comparative analysis between fluorescent and LED ilumination for improve

energy efficiency at IPBEN building

Chapter · November 2015

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 THE XI LATIN-AMERICAN CONGRESS ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION - CLAGTEE 2015
"BIOENERGY FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND ECOLOGICAL ISSUES IN POWER PLANTS"
A Comparative Analysis between Fluorescent
and LED Illumination for Improve Energy
Efficiency at IPBEN Building
J. M. Avella*, T. Souza, J. L. Silveira, Laboratory of Optimization of Energy Systems (LOSE), Department of Energy,
College of Engineering of Guaratingueta, Institute of Bioenergy Research (IPBEN), São Paulo State University (UNESP).
Av. Dr. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha, 333, Pedregulho, 12516-410 Guaratingueta, SP, Brazil.
Abstract - Electricity is the base of development of our
civilizations. Modern human has been using electric power to
conduct our human activities with more comfortable and easier,
allowing a better use of time and spaces. Currently, illumination
industry have improved the energy efficiency of the lightings,
reducing power consumption and increasing useful life of the
lamps. This paper aims to make a comparison between different
types of lighting technology to improve the energy efficiency and
reduce electricity consumption in the building of Institute of
Bioenergy Research IPBEN / UNESP, Guaratingueta, Brazil. In
summary, LED lighting are more efficiency than fluorescent
lamps for IPBEN building, however, the payback period of
fluorescent lighting is much better than for LED lamps.
Index Terms – Energy Efficiency, Fluorescent lights,
Illumination, LED lights.
I. INTRODUCTION
F ROM industrial revolution to now, inventors, scientists and
researchers have improve the quality of life creating
devices that make our lifestyle more comfortable. These new
technology is link with the electricity, the majority of new
devices work with electric power. In the last decade, the use of
devices has growth hastily, making increase the demand of
electricity which involving a rise in electricity bill as well.
Another factor is that energy sources are primarily from fossil
fuels. This means that an increase in the demand of electricity,
make bigger the use of more fossil fuels, emitting more
greenhouse gases to the environment. For these reasons,
nowadays people become aware about the use of energy
efficiency devices and technologies. The first step that is being
taken into account is the renewable energy resources.
Illumination is another aid to reduce the footprint. Architects
are designing buildings and houses with more illuminated
areas using sunlight, which prevent the use of artificial lights.
However, artificial illumination has to be used at night and in
dark places during the day. For all these reasons, illumination
could be very significant in energy efficiency and in reducing
* Corresponding author:
J. M. Avella is a member of The Laboratory of Energy Systems
Optimization (LOSE) and Institute of Bioenergy Research (IPBEN),
Deparment of Energy, Faculty of Engineering of Guaratingueta, Sao Paulo
State University UNESP. Av. Dr. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha, 333,
Pedregulho, 12516-410 Guaratingueta, SP, Brazil (e-mail:
jorgemario@feg.unesp.br).
1
greenhouse gases.
II. TYPES OF ILLUMINATION
There are different types of lighting according to the
application and the needs. The most common type of
illumination is tubular fluorescent lamps which are normally
install in public buildings, office lighting, industry, shops,
supermarkets and in street lighting. Fluorescent lamps work
with mercury vapor and neon or argon gas, which are expose
to UV to produce the light. It is normal to have a magnet
circuit (reactance) as a ballast to start the light; this is a
disadvantage because the energy consumption in the turning
on of the bulb lamp is significant. However, there is an
alternative, which is use an electronic circuit as a ballast to
start and control the current in the lamps. This make a
significant reduction in the energy consumption, but inject
harmonics to the grid, so some capacitors have to be added to
compensate it. Another disadvantage is the environmental
impact with the residue. Mercury vapor is very hazardous, so
the recycling process has to be done carefully to minimize the
contamination.
Compact Fluorescent Lighting is another kind of lamps.
It is normally used for houses and offices, due to the small size
of it. It works similar to tubular fluorescent lamps but the size
of them are thinking to replace the incandescent lamps using
the same framework. This kind of lamps has the same problem
as tubular fluorescent lamps regarding environmental impact,
due to the use of mercury to produce the light.
In addition, the most recently technology in illumination
industry is the LED (Lighting Emission Diode) which is
composed by an arrange of LED. It has been a revolutionary
application of Diode; due to that they are very efficient in
electric energy terms and also the amount of luminance is very
well compared which means that LED technology can work in
most of all the applications. The disadvantage is the price,
which is still high compared with the other technologies.
However, the energy efficiency and the life useful are better
than others are.
III. REGULATION
Regarding the regulation NBR ISO/CIE 8995 of ABNT
(Brazilian Association for Technical Norms), which is the
regulation for illumination in interiors. For the halls and
circulation areas, it is recommended a luminance between 100
 THE XI LATIN-AMERICAN CONGRESS ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION - CLAGTEE 2015 2
"BIOENERGY FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND ECOLOGICAL ISSUES IN POWER PLANTS"
and 200 lux. For laboratory spaces, luminance must be 500 V. LIGHTING SURVEY
lux. For kitchen, luminance has to be 200 lux. For normal For this case of study, it was performed a lighting survey
offices, luminance must be around 500 lux. to analyze and choice a more efficient lighting. The results of
the survey are described in the Table 2. The entire laboratory
IV. SPECIFICATIONS OF THE BUILDING is equipped with fluorescent light bulbs of 20W and 40W.
The building in this case of study is the laboratory of Table 2 Lighting Survey
Bioenergy research IPBEN. The laboratory is located in
Guaratingueta city, in the campus of the faculty of engineering Type of bulb lamp Number of bulb lamps Watts
of the São Paulo State University (UNESP). It has a total area Medium Bulb Lamp 20W 44 880
of 485.74 square meters with the rooms described in Table 1. Large Bulb Lamp 40W 182 7280
Figure 1 shows the drawing of the laboratory. Total 226 8160

Table 1 Area distribution of Laboratory IPBEN The light bulbs of 20W or medium lamps have a
luminance of 1150lm, and dimension of 590mm x 26mm x
Room Area (m2) 26mm. The light bulbs of 40W or large lamps have more than
Kitchen 10.38 double luminance than 20W bulbs, 2600lm and the dimensions
Classroom 52.08 are 1200mm x 26 mm x 26 mm.
Bathrooms 31.01
Laboratory rooms 86.40
Table 3 Calculations with Tubular Fluorescent F20W (Medium
Office rooms 86.75
Lamps)
Social areas 219.12
Total 485.74
Energy Power 0.88 kW
The laboratory IPBEN in its interior has a floor’s color of Electricity Monthly Consumption 211.2 kWh per month
light grey, white walls and white ceiling, which is a good Durability 54 months
combination for illumination purposes as can be seen in the Investment R$ 3004.6 (US$ 1153.5)
Figure 2. Electricity Price R$ 64.40 (US$ 24.72)

Table 4 Calculations with Tubular Fluorescent F40W (Large Lamps)

Energy Power 7.28 kW

Electricity Monthly Consumption 1747.2 kWh per month
Durability 54 months
Investment R$ 30289.3 (US$ 11628.4)
Electricity Price R$ 532.79 (US$ 204.545)

Fig. 1. Drawing design of Laboratory IPBEN VI. POWER CONSUMPTION

To calculate the total power consumption, it is supposed
to use the illumination 12 hours per day and 5 days per week.
It means that bulb lamps work 2888 hours per year. The total
electricity consumption for lighting in the laboratory IPBEN is
23500.8kWh per year.

VII. ELECTRICITY PRICE

Due to that, the laboratory IPBEN is new and not
operating, we need to estimate the price of the electricity.
Regarding ANEEL, Electric Power National Agency in Brazil,
the price of the electricity for Guaratingueta City is R$
0.30464/kWh (US$ 0.11687). The electricity bill per year
calculated is R$ 597.19 (US$ 229.103).
The price of the implementation of the current medium
fluorescent lamps is R$3004.6 (US$1153.5). For the large
fluorescent lamps is R$ 30289.3 (US$ 11628.4). And
Fig. 2. Inner view of the Laboratory IPBEN The durability is 54 months for both medium and large
lamps, with a life useful of 13000 hours for each lamp.
 THE XI LATIN-AMERICAN CONGRESS ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION - CLAGTEE 2015
"BIOENERGY FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND ECOLOGICAL ISSUES IN POWER PLANTS"
VIII. COMPARISON WITH LED LIGHTING
LED lighting are known as the most efficient kind of
luminaries, they can reduce the electricity consumption up to
65%. It has been chosen for replacing the basic fluorescent
bulbs of 20W, the reference LED ST8-HV2 8W/865 600mm
of the company Osram [6]. For changing the basic fluorescent
bulbs of 40W, the reference LED ST8-HB4 21 W/840 1200
mm, which is showed in the figure 3. With these lamp bulbs
chosen, it is calculated the new electric power, durability, the
installation cost with prices from [7] and the monthly
electricity price for each one. The results are shown in Table 3
and 4. For the comparisons of lighting for this study is used a
table of the profitability of the lamps from Osram company
[6]. In this table, it is supposed the installation price is the
same for all the kind of bulb lamps. For large LED lamps, the
maintenance price is R$ 217.31 and for medium LED lamps is
R$ 25.76.
Table 5 Calculations with LED ST8-HV2 8W/865 600mm
Energy Power 0.352 kW
Electricity Monthly Consumption 84.48 kWh per month
Durability 125 months
Investment R$ 5719.4 (US$ 2195.75)
Electricity Price R$ 25.76 (US$ 9.88)
Table 6 Calculations with LED ST8-HB4 21 W/840 1200 mm
Energy Power 3.822 kW
Electricity Monthly Consumption 917.28 kWh per month
Durability 167 months
Investment R$ 65560.9 (US$ 25169.7)
Electricity Price R$ 279.72 (US$ 107.31)
Fig. 3. Tubular LED Lamp and Tubular Fluorescent Lamp [6].
The energy consumption using LED lamps decrease
significantly. If there is a replacement of the current
fluorescent lamp bulbs for the LED lamps chosen, it will
economize 60% of electricity for the current lighting of 20W
and 47.5% for the current lamps of 40W.
In economics aspects, the implementation of LED lamps
chosen, in the laboratory, are more than the double expensive
than the current lamps of 40W with an over cost of R$35271.6
(US$13932.9). For all the current lamps of 20W the price is
3
R$3004.6 (US$1153.5), and for the LED lamps is R$5719.4
(US$2259.27), which means that the LED lamps chosen are
almost the double price of the normal fluorescent lamps.
The durability of LED lamps is more than the normal
fluorescent lamps. LED lamps can work more than the double
(125 months for medium lamps) and triple (165 months for
large lamps) compared with current fluorescent lamps which
have a durability of 54 months either for medium and large
lamps.
Another important factor is the payback period, which is
the time needed to recover the investment done for the
implementation of the project. For the large LED lamps, the
payback is 82 years. However, for the medium LED lamps, the
payback is 15 years. Hence, LED lamps are still an expensive
technology.
IX. COMPARISON WITH FLUORESCENT LIGHTING
Fluorescent illumination is the most used in the industry.
This comparison is to use the basic fluorescent bulbs for more
energy efficiency. The two possible options are L 18W/880
and FL L 36 W/865 XXT for replacing medium and large bulb
lamps respectifully. Figure 3 shows a Tubular Fluoresencent
Lamp. Table 7 and 8 shows the same calculations done for
LED Lighting but for the Fluorescent Lighting chosen. For
large fluorescent lamps, the maintenance price is R$ 259.90
and for medium LED lamps is R$ 6.02.
Table 7 Calculations with Fluorescent L 18W/880
Energy Power 0.792 kW
Electricity Monthly Consumption 190.1 kWh per month
Durability 83 months
Investment R$ 3276.96 (US$ 1258.07)
Electricity Price R$ 57.96 (US$ 22.30)
Table 8 Calculations with Fluorescent FL L 36 W/865 XXT
Energy Power 6.552 kW
Electricity Monthly Consumption 1572.48 kWh per month
Durability 83 months
Investment R$ 51000.9 (US$ 19579.9)
Electricity Price R$ 479.51 (US$ 183.96)
In this case, the energy consumption using more efficiency
fluorescent lamps decrease in a small proportion. If there is a
replacement of the current fluorescent lamp bulbs for these
more lamps chosen, it will economize 10% of electricity for
the current medium lighting of 20W and 10% for the current
large lamps of 40W.
The difference in the price between the installation
efficient fluorescent large lamps and the current fluorescent
large lamps are R$20711.6 (US$8181.46). However, the price
for the replacement of medium bulb lamps is very close to the
current medium lamps, R$3276.96 (US$1294.46). Medium
fluorescent lamps can be a good choice to economize energy
and money.
 THE XI LATIN-AMERICAN CONGRESS ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION - CLAGTEE 2015 4
"BIOENERGY FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND ECOLOGICAL ISSUES IN POWER PLANTS"
The durability of these lamps can be 35% more than the [2] Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica Disponível em:
current bulb lamps installed in the laboratory IPBEN using the <http://www.aneel.gov.br/area.cfm?idArea=493> Acesso em
magnetic ballast. Althought, if the ballast is electronic the 19 de Sept. 2014
durability can be more than 50%. [3] PRINCIPI, P.; FIORETTI, R. A comparative life cycle
The payback period for more efficient fluorescent lamps is assessment of luminaires for general lighting for the office –
better than LED lamps, due to that fluorescent lamps are compact fluorescent (CFL) vs Light Emitting Diode (LED) – a
cheaper than LED lamps. For large fluorescent lamp, the case study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 29 July 2014.
payback period is almost inmediately, according to the [4] GAN, C. K.; SAPAR, A. F.; MUN Y. C.; CHONG K. E.
OSRAM profiability table. For medium fluorescent lamps, the Techno-Economic Analysis of LED Lighting: A Case Study in
payback is 53 years, which is 3.5 times more than LED lamps UTeM's Faculty Building. Procedia Engineering, v.53, p. 208-
of the same size. 216, 2013.
[5] ANH B. L.; JANG C. Y.; LEIGH S.B.; YOO S.; JEONG
H. Effect of LED lighting on the cooling and heating loads in
X. CONCLUSIONS office buildings. Applied Energy, v.113, p. 1484-1489,
January 2014.
A good design of Illumination can be a significant factor
[6] Lamps and lighting systems from OSRAM. Disponível em:
to reduce energy consumption and as a consequence to reduce
<http://www.osram.com/osram_com/products/lamps/fluoresce
electricity bill.
nt-lamps/index.jsp> Acesso em 22 Sep. 2014.
LED lighting is the most energy efficient among all the
[7] Leyroy Merlin Shop. Disponível em:
kind of illumination, and it has the large useful life as well.
<http://www.leroymerlin.com.br/lampadas-de-led> Acesso em
However, it is also the most expensive technology.
22 Sep. 2014.
There is a difference between the two types of investment
[8] Norma ABNT NBR 8995: Illuminação de Interiores.
lighting R$14560 being the most expensive but providing a
Disponível em:
reduction in electricity consumption in order to 47.5% of the
<http://edsonjosen.dominiotemporario.com/doc/NBR%20ISO
current installed capacity for fluorescent lamps 40W LED
lamps. _CIE%208995_1.pdf> Acesso em 18 Nov. 2014
With respect to current medium lighting (20W lamps),
increased investment is approximately R$2714.8 for the use of
LED lamps. The savings obtained in this case is approximately
60% of the current installed capacity.
The monthly electricity consumption with respect to
lighting Laboratory Bioenergy will be around R$537.47 using
more efficient fluorescent bulbs, saving approx. 10% on the
electricity bill and R$305.5 using LED bulbs, saving about
49%.
The LED bulbs for the current lighting 20W are more
durable than fluorescent lamps, as well as more efficient. The
electricity bill for LED medium lamps is half than the
Fluorescent medium lamps. For the current large lighting of
40w, where fluorescent lamps have enhanced durability, but
LED technology has more durability as well. The electricity
bill of LED lamps is 41% less than fluorescent efficient lamps.
In general, LED lamps will be the best option to reduce the
pollution and the energy consumption but the investment is
more than fluorescent lamps.
For the Laboratory IPBEN, the outcome of the
comparison, according to all the factors studied, suggest
replacing the current medium fluorescent lamps for LED
lamps of 8W. For the current large fluorescent bulbs, the
comparison shows to use more efficient fluorescent lamps of
36W.

XI. REFERENCES
[1] AMAN M. M.; JASMON G. B.; MOKHLIS H.; BAKAR
A. H. A. Analysis of the performance of domestic lighting
lamps. Energy Policy, v.52, p. 482-500, January 2013.

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