Yllana Bay View College, Inc.

“The Builder of Future Leaders”

Senior High School Department
Enerio Street, Balangasan District, Pagadian City

TEACHING GUIDE
Disaster readiness and Risk Reduction Mgt.
Date Week 3 to Week 4
Topic/Lesson  Risk Factors underlying disasters
 Effects of Natural Disasters on Human life
 How and when as Event Becomes a disaster
 Areas and locations exposed to Hazards
 Disaster from different perspective
Physical, psychological, socio- cultural, economic, political, and
biological
Content Standards The learners demonstrate understanding of the…
1. Concept of disaster
2. Concept of disaster risk
3. Nature of disasters
4. Effects of disasters

Performance Standards The learners relate the concept of disaster with daily life.

Learning Competencies The learners…

1. Explain the meaning of disaster;
2. Differentiate the risk factors underlying disasters;
3. Describe the effects of disasters on one’s life;
4. Explain how and when an event becomes a disaster;
5. Identify areas/locations exposed to hazards that may lead to
disasters; and
6. Analyze disaster from the different perspectives (physical,
psychological, socio-cultural, economic, political, and biological).
Specific Learning The learners are expected to:
Outcomes
1. Explain the risk factors underlying disasters
2. State the effects of disaster on human life.
3. Stress how and when an event becomes a disaster
4. Identify the different areas/locations exposed to hazards
that may lead to disaster
5. Present disaster along physical, psychological, socio-
cultural, economic, political, and biological perspective.

Time Allotment 4 hours and 30 minutes

Teaching Strategy Group discussion and Oral Recitation

LESSON OUTLINE
I- Introduction The group assigned will do the following:
 Opening prayer
 Recap for the day
Teacher will present the topic for the week and give brief
introduction.
II- Motivation Ask the learners to come with a game for the recap

III- Instruction/ Risk factors underlying disaster

Delivery A number of factors make it more likely that those affected will
have more severe or longer- lasting stress reactions after disasters.
These risk factors are summarized in a study made by ADPC-
Asian disaster preparedness center
1. Severity of exposure
2. Gender and family
3. Age
Several factors related to a survivors’ background and resources
are important for recovery from disaster.
- We’re not functioning well before the disaster
- Have had no experience dealing with disasters
- Must deal with other stressors after the disaster
- Have poor self-esteem
- Think they are uncared for by others
- Think they have little control over what happens to them
- Lack the capacity to manage a stress.
Other factors have also been found to predict worse outcomes
- Bereavement ( death of someone close)
- Injury to self or another family member
- Life threat
- Panic, horror.or feelings like that during the disaster
- Being separated from family
( especially among youth)
- Great loss of property
- Displacement ( being forced to leave home)
Developing Countries- in developing countries, however, natural
disasters have more severe effects than do human- caused
disasters in developed countries.

Low or negative social support- The support of others can be

both a risk and a resilience factor. Social support can weaken after
disasters.

Effects of Natural Disasters on Human Life:

 Displaced Populations
 Health Risks
 Food Scarcity
 Emotional Aftershocks
How and when an Event Becomes a Disaster
An event, earlier human- made or natural, becomes a disaster when it
is sudden or progressive, causing widespread human, material or
environmental losses.
Areas/Locations Exposed to Hazards
 Exposed to Natural Hazards
Areas/ Locations Exposed to:
Coastal areas Storm surge, tsunami
ir tidal waves
Reclaimed Areas Flooding, sinkhole
Near fault lines Earthquake
On foot of denuded Mudslide/Landslide
mountains
Near volcanoes Volcanic eruption-
( danger zones) pyroclastic materials,
lahar flow, lava flow
and ash fall
River banks and Flooding, flash floods
esteros
Open fields Thunderstorm,
hailstorm, blizzard

 Exposed to Man-made Hazard

Areas/ Locations Exposed to
Near oil depots Oil spill, pollution
Near Mining Projects Toxic waste- heavy
metal, lead, mercury,
 nitric acid, etc.
Near Chemical Plants Chemicals fumes,
chemical waste
Near Nuclear plants Nuclear waste,
possible technical
failure, leaks, or
worse accidental
explosion.
Near Factories Factory waste,
pollution
Unsafe building Fire
structures
Public places in Mega Terrorism
Cities

Disaster from different perspectives: Disaster is analyzed from different

perspective as follows

Physical perspective.: From this view disaster is defined as a

phenomenon that can cause damage to physical elements such as
buildings, infrastructures, including people and their properties, e,g.
houses and environmental sources of living.
Psychological perspective: In psychological context a disaster is
regarded as an occurrence involving an unexpected or uncontrollable
event rather than a long-term experience.
Psychological effects of a disaster:
 Emotional effects
 Cognitive effects
 Physical effects
 Interpersonal effects
Socio- Cultural perspective: Hence from the socio- cultural point of
view, a disaster is analyzed based on how people respond having a
parameter their social conditions and cultural settings. Resilience and
Vulnerability are important determinants of the degree of risk.

Economic perspective: From an economic perspective, a natural

disaster can be defined as a natural event that causes a perturbation to
the functioning of the economic system, with a significant negative
impact on assets, production factors, output employment and
consumption.

Political perspective: From this view, natural disasters are commonly

thought to be less politically contentious than armed conflicts.
Governmentality or deliverance of government services to constituents
can be a plus or minus factor in disaster risk reduction and
management. Government interventions should be present in
following phases of DRR 1. Prevention 2. Mitigation 3. Preparedness
and 4. Recovery.

Environmental perspective: Disaster are not random and do not occur

by accident. They are the convergence of hazards and vulnerable
conditions. The millennium Declaration recognizes the risk to
development stemming from disasters and calls on global community
to intensify our collective efforts to reduce the number and effects of
natural hazards and manmade disasters.

IV- Practice Divide the group into three and work on the question and present
to the class
1. Conduct a research or present a paper of some events in
the Philippine context that turned to disaster.
2. Classify such events whether they are natural or human-
made.
V-Enrichment Go on line and look for a picture of the types of disaster natural
and man made.
VI – Evaluation Oral recitation and learning insight, short quiz at the end of the
week.
VII - Recommended Research in www. google.com, net book, marker
Resources and Material

Prepared by

CHRISMARIE O. YOSORES
Teacher

Approved by

LONIVERT O. CRUZ
Principal