Starting Concepts

CHM1011

General Chemistry

1
 General Chemistry
• Everyone take a deep breath

2
 General Chemistry
• Everyone take a deep breath
• Now breathe out

3
 General Chemistry
• Everyone take a deep breath
• Now breathe out
• Write down the atomic and molecular
species that are in your breath

4
 General Chemistry
• Everyone take a deep breath
• Now breathe out
• Write down the atomic and molecular
species that are in your breath
N2 O2 H2O CO2 CH4

He Ar : Complex
organic species
5
 Chemical Formulas
• We are not going to teach you about
chemical formulas at this point.

• We assume that you already have

some familiarity with them and have
you have read (or will soon)
Chapters 1 and 2 of O&N.

6
 Chemical Formulas
• ie. We assume that you know
the basic rules of valency so
that
–Water is H-O-H and not H-H-O
–Carbon dioxide is O=C=O and
not C-O=O
etc.
7
 Some facts about
carbon dioxide
• What is the size of the CO2
molecule.
• O=C bond length is about
-12
122 x 10 m OR
122picometres OR 122pm OR
0.122nm OR 1.22Ångstroms
8
 The Mole

• 12g of Carbon (isotope 12)

23
contains 6.022 x 10 atoms
OR 1 Mole
• ?g of CO2 in 1 Mole

9
 The Mole

• 12g of Carbon (isotope 12)

23
contains 6.022 x 10 atoms
OR 1 Mole
• ?g of CO2 in 1 Mole

• 16 +12 +16 =44g of CO2

10
 Energy of 1 mol of CO2 gas

• The energy of a mole of gas is

given by

• = -1
8.3143JK mol -1 x T

if T=298K Energy=2478Jmol-1
11
Speed of Molecules, -1
ms , o
20 C

12
 What’s the use of CO2
• Photosynthesis
• Heating up the Planet
• Making rocks (chalk)
• Getting a head on a beer
• Fizzing up a Coke

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 What’s the use of CO2
• Putting out fires
• Dissolving oils
• Cleaning nuclear valve seals
• Removing adhesives
• Strengthening concrete
• Recycling propellants
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