CLASS NOTES

Advance carpet technology

Q.Describe the Tibetan Hand Knotted

Carpet with suitable diagram

Tibetan hand knotted carpet-

 History of Tibetan carpet
 Knot structure
 Quality
 Carpet loom
 Tools
 Preparation of warp
 Preparation of weft
 Knotting
 Production planning
 Defects
History of Tibetan carpet
The name Tibetan Carpet indicates that the hand-made carpet are
originate in Tibet. The pattern and size of Tibetan Carpet are to be used
as floor covering as well as for wall hanging,accent rugs,runners. The
carpet are unique in their structure and design.The designs are
influenced by the Tibetan tribal culture,Buddhism. The quality of this
hand-made carpet is range from 60-150 knots per square inch.The
knotting style is different from that of the Persian and Turkish rugs.
These difference give a rich and unique look to the carpet.

 KNOT STRUCTURE-
1.Tibetan knot
  The Tibetan knot has a completely different structure than the
other knots.

 This knot is made by using a rod along the width of the carpet
,which is placed on the front of the warp yarn.

 The pile yarn is placed around two warp thread and then around
the rod.

 QUALITY-
Quality of carpet depends on the Knots per square inch or knot
density. Knot density denotes quality of carpet which means
higher the density finer and better the quality of carpet.

Quality Warp count(Ne) Pile yarn count

(Half dusbary count)
7/18 8/6 5/45
8/22 8/6 6/30
9/25 12/20 2/60
9/30 9/20 2/60
10/36 9/20 1/60
10/40 9/20 1/60

Note-The meaning of 7/18 quality means 7 knots in per inches width

wise and 18 pair of line of knots in 9 inches length wise.
  LOOM- (Vertical loom)

 Nut bolt &Clamp- To support the upper beam and lower beam.
 Bricks(tensioning device)- Maintain the tension of warp yarn
after warping .

Tools Required-

 Mallet- Used to hammer the knots after every row is finished.

3.5 Inches(Width) 6 Inches(length) 7 Inches(Handle)

Weight- 600gm
Cost- 25 Rupees

 Panja- Used in beating process

6.3 Inches(Handle
0.5mm(Gap)
550 (Inclined) 4 Inches

Weight-400gm
Cost- 60 Rupees

 Chhuri- Used to cut the threads while weaving

 5.5 Inches

Weight- 50gm
Cost- 10 Rupees

 Wire- Knotting in Tibetan Carpet is done with the help of iron

rod.The iron rod is act as the medium for providing different pile
height.The different diameter of cross section of rod develops
different pile height.

Dimension-: 2-5 feet(length)

Diameter (In sut*) Pile Height

2 3 mm
2.25 4 mm
3 5 mm
3.5 6 mm

 Falta- Used for shedding

Process sequence of Tibetan Hand Knotted

Carpet-
Ball(Warp)making
 Warping on loom

Warp setting (at the time of warping)

Insertion of falta for shedding

Khati Chunnan

Insertion of loop using rod (Saria)

Make cut pile (using chhuri)

Raw material used-

 Woollen yarn for pile

 Cotton yarn for warping, weft yarn, khati &chunnan.

Process of carpet formatation-

1.Ball making(warp)-

Procedure-
1.The warp yarn comes in the form of hank and it is beat by the
hand and mount on the charkha.

2. Wrap the yarn around your four finger for 25-30 wraps and form the
ball.

3.Hold the wrapped ball by the other hand and remove your four finger.

4.Continue winding on the created ball till the hank is exhausted.

5.Insure availability of loose end of the ball to facilitate unwinding.

Preparation of weft-
 The yarn which is used for warp is also used as luchhi(weft)
 The weft is formed in suitable form which can be passed through
the shed easily.

2 . Warping-

Procedure
1.Tie the metal rod with the lower beam using thread.

2.Start the warping process from the left side by tying a knot of warp on
the iron rod.

3.Take warp yarn from outer side to the upper beam lower it down
forming an inverted U.

4.Check that warp which is coming down from the upper beam comes to
the metal rod via back of the lower beam.

5.Check that warp moves beneath the metal rod and wraped around the
metal rod arresting the metal rod into it.
6.Check that the same warp which is now coming down from the upper
beam is now returned back to the upper beam it make an opposite S
between upper beam and metal rod.

Note-The warp is making a U shape with metal rod (the metal rod is
lying on the lower beam.

3.Insertion of falta (wooden stick)-

 Insert the falta in between the shed which is recently formed

near the metal rod.

 It helps in shed formation and weft yarn insertion .

4.Khati and Chunnan-

Procedure-
Chunnan-
 Firstly the first and second warp is wrapped around the beam
usually by cotton yarn and then second and third warp is wrapped
which is followed by third and fourth warp wrapping.
  Continue this process from one side to another side of the beam.

Khati- It is a plain weaving with cotton warp and cotton weft at the
beginning and of end of the carpet .
 One weft is inserted in first shed .

 Second weft is inserted in the second shed and the process is

continue till 4-5 inch plain weave part is formed.

Knotting-
Procedure-

 Take a separate thread to hold the round steel rod upto the level
of khati chunnan recently created.It helps in holding the saria
while knotting.

 Starting from the right end of wire we give one round loop of
woollen pile on the wire.
 Hold two left alternate warp thread in left hand in such a way that
wire end is on to it.

 A continuous yarn is looped around two warp and then once

around the wire.

 This process is done continuously until the one row is completed.

 After one rows is fully knotted it is beaten by the hammer to settle

the pile.

1. Insertion of weft yarn-

 Move down the falta for shed opening .

 Insert the weft yarn between the shed.

 Beat up the weft yarn using panja.

  Cut the loop using chhuri.

https://youtu.be/BD5723NmuCQ

 PRODUCTION(Calculation)-
Given carpet quality-7/18

 Where-7 knots in one inches widthwise direction of carpet

 18 pair of line in 9 inches length wise direction
4 line of knots in one inches

Knots per square inch= 4*7

=28 knots per square inch

Total knots width wise=7*6*12

=504

Total no of line of knots length wise=4*9*12

=432

Total knots=504*432
=217728
Pile yarn requirement-
Dia of Wire=4 sut
=0.5 inche
Circumference of wire = 1.57
Length of one =1.57 inches
Total length of pile yarn =1.57*217728
=341832.96
Where,
1 inches=0.0277yd
341832.96=9495.36yd

Count of pile yarn=5/45

Resultant count =9

Here,
9 yd =14.5gm
1 yd =14.5/9 gm
9495.36 yd =14.5/9*9495.36
=15298.08gm
=15.298kg

Warp requirement-
Total no of warp=total no of knots in width wise*2
=504*2
=1008

One warp length=9 feet

=3 yd

Total warp length=3*1008

=3024

Resultant count of warp=6/8

6/8*840yd->453.6gm
630 yd->453.6 gm
3024 yd-> 453.6/630*3024
=2177.28gm
=2.18 kg

Requirement of weft-

Total no of weft= total lines of knots in length wise

=432

Length of one weft=6 feet=2 yd

 Total length of weft=432*2=864

Count of weft=count of warp

Resultant count=6/8

Hence,
6/8*840->453.6gm
630 yd->453.6 gm
1 yd ->453.6/630gm
864 yd->453.6/630*864
=622.08gm
=0.622kg
Total weight of carpet=Weight of pile yarn +Weight of warp yarn +
Weight of weft yarn
=15.298+2.18+0.622
=18.1kg

 DEFECTS-
1.Pile height variation.

2.Shrinkage in width of carpet.

3.Knot density variation.

4.Design defects-colour defect,weaving defects