Notes BSC Prose 2018 2019 PDF

KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND SCIENCES..
0308-32-32-4-88 Page 1 of 22
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH LIAQAT ALI MOHSIN M PHIL ENG. M.A ELT GOLD MEDAL M.A ENG PU. B ED. M ED
NOTES (SCIENCE STUDENTS)
B SC ENGLISH
PROSE
HUMBLE EFFORTS BY
LIAQAT ALI MOHSIN
M PHIL LINGUISTICS………….MA ENGLISH (PU)……MA ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING (NUML)
GOLD MEDAL….B ED…M ED
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH …GOVT. ISLAMIA DEGREE COLLEGE BADDOMALHI DISTT. NAROWAL
VISTING PROFESSOR: GOVT. MUSLIM WOMEN POST GRADUATE COLLEGE NAROWAL
KBL ACADEMY SHAKARGARH.

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Questions having some statement to agree or disagree
I disagree/agree on the assertion given in the statement of the question. There are many reasons and
grounds for my point of view. These reasons can be jotted down as the following:
Damned Human Race (Satire on human traits and human nature, Human hasn‟t changed, Irrational
animal, do you agree, Criticism on human foibles and follies,)
“The mind is its own place, and in itself can make a heaven of hell, a hell of heaven..” ……John Milton,
Paradise Lost
“Damned Human Race” is a satire on human nature and characteristics. The writer has
used irony and hyperbole to expose the foibles and follies of human beings. The writer seems to be
pessimistic but in fact he wants to correct human beings. He suggests that man should avoid all the
bad traits in order to make him really a higher and evolutional animal. Human nature hasn‟t changed
overtime. Man has been committing atrocities and injustice in the name of religious, ethnic, political,
ideological and sectarian conflicts. He has been lecherous, greedy, wanton, power drunk, irrational
and unreasoning. He exercises his power in his domain. Power and wealth are two corrupting factors
in his life. His faculty of moral sense, to justify oneself right, has been the cause of many vices. Man
can control his emotions. As Charles Dickens says: Subdue your appetites, my dears, and you've
conquered human nature.
Damned Human Race (Traits of human beings, Comparison and contrasts of higher and lower animals,
Traits which have lowered human beings, Use of scientific method, Credibility of Twain‟s observations,
Rejection of Darwinian theory)
1. Damned Human Race” is a criticism on human traits which mark him ironically lower animal. These
traits are compared and contrasted with animal traits. Twain has made his assertion of descent of man
through scientific method. He uses observations, comparisons and contrasts, and experiments in London
Zoo to make his point of view authentic. He rejects Darwin‟s theory of ascent of man. Man has descended
due to his certain attributes of having cruelty, injustice, lechery, greed, moral sense of justifying his
wrong actions, irrationality of learning a lesson from the past, lack of tolerance in accommodating other‟s
ethnic, social, religious and sectarian differences, abuses of powers and collective warfare. All these
traits are absent in so called higher animals. Twain exposes human weakness ironically to correct him.
Human nature is potentially aggressive and destructive and potentially orderly and constructive.
Margaret Mead
The Last Lesson (Satire on imperialism/colonialism, Importance of language, Language and culture,
Language as National pride, Franz as a representative of common French, Carelessness of the society,
Importance of time
“Last Lesson” is about national pride and regret of the French over their loss of two states.
This is also a criticism on imperialism of Germany. “I wonder if they are going to compel them to sing
in German too!” The loss of language is great disaster for any society. First person narration is used
to show the regret of a school boy who represents the whole nation. Every character realizes his
mistake and regrets his inaction and irresponsibility. Franz, Hamel and the villagers have gathered to
remorse their inability to keep freedom and own language. Language is not mere a source of
communication. It is the reflection of culture, tradition, customs, social identity, cultural inheritance
and national pride. Everyone is responsible for the demise in the society. The parents neglected their
child‟s education. The children wasted their time in useless activities. The teachers taught
carelessly. The high ups never visited the school and neglected the foundation of a great society. The
French language is a romance language. It had been the sweetest and strongest language in the
history.
The Last Lesson (Character of Hamel, Which type of teacher, can he be idealized teacher,
A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops: Henry Adams
Hamel was an experienced teacher and central character of the story. He was very strict
teacher and punished his students. He kept a ruler under his arm. He was a traditional school teacher.
He always maintained decorum and discipline in the class. He believed in the use of force. The
villagers respected him for his forty year service. He regretted his flaws in his last lesson and speech.
He was a good orator. He used language effectively to realize his audience. He invoked patriotism and
love for French language among his students and villagers. He reproached himself for his
carelessness. He used to send his students to water his garden. He gave holiday to the students when
he wanted to have trout fishing. He can‟t be a good teacher because he was careless about the future
of his nation. He ignored his duties and set his students to do personal work. He didn‟t realize that a
teacher is very important. If a building falls due to ignorance of an engineer, it is a material loss. If a
person dies due to ignorance of a doctor, it is a great loss. But if a nation spoils due to a teacher, it is
a disaster.
Bromides and Sulphites (Criticism on bromides, Who is the better?, Sulphites are necessary for the
society, Two approaches of life, Examples from the history)
If we don't change, we don't grow. If we don't grow, we aren't really living.
This essay is about two sentiments of life, which are characterized by the behaviors of two
elements. Bromides are typical and orthodox while sulphites are radical, creative and innovative.
Sulphites are very important and are very much needed in the society because they bring change.
Only change is enduring in the world. The evolution in the human society is due to them. All the great
writers, artists and scientists were sulphites because they thought different from others and brought
innovations. Their behavior is un-predictable as they don‟t follow the norms, customs, beliefs and
social practices. They are rebels in the society. They conform agreed upon way of life. Hamlet
opposed the king and made him realized his guilt. He is unorthodox and a sulphitic. Becky Sharp in
“Vanity fair” by Thakeray is also unusual and imaginative character. Thus she has characteristics of
sulphites. American president, Roosevelt was also a sulphite in politics while Merie was sulphite in
writing. GB Shaw, a great revolutionary writer was a sulphiteSome writers may contradict in their
ideas and life.
Bromides and Sulphites (Characteristics of bromides and sulphites, Comparson and contrast, summary of
the essay)
Two bents of mind are contrasted in this essay. They are named according to the bevaviour of bromides
and sulphites. They are opposite in their approach and action. Bromides are typical, orthodox and blind
followers of norms, customs, traditions and social practices. They remain with the mob. They behave in
accordance with society. They are not imaginative and creative. Everybody likes them because they are
like others. They don‟t do unusual things and practice according to others‟ expectations. They make
certain rules in life and follow them strictly. They don‟t need to think deeply. Their actions and thoughts
are predictable. They are found in majority. Polonius in Hamlet, Lewis Carroll, Dr. Johnson, American
resident, Hoover were bromides in their thoughts. On the other hand, sulphites are creative, innovative
and revolutionary. They oppose others in actions and thought. They appear suddenly and do something
unusual. They contradict social norms, customs, values, practices and traditions. Their arrival is blasting.
They can‟t be expected regarding their behavior and thoughts. George Bernard Shaw, Roosevelt, Hamlet
and Becky sharp were sulphites due to their unusual thoughts and creative approach. They bring
evolutions and changes in human society.
How to live 200 (Criticism on Jiggin‟s habits, Health mania and satire, Satire on exercise/food/diseases
mania)
“There are lots of people in this world who spend so much time watching their health that
they haven‟t the time to enjoy it. (Josh Billings)
This is a humorous essay which is a satire on those who have the obsession of health. The
writer has used exaggeration and irony to criticize their habits. They are very much conscious of their
health, exercise and food. They make their life difficult, miserable, monotonous and boring. William
Davies criticizes this sort of life in his poem, Leisure. “What is this life if full of care?” They don‟t enjoy
their life and behave like a silly person. They walk on dew drops, hunt for ozone, don‟t eat meat and
don‟t things in unhygienic conditions. Their life has become machine like. „Ear right, exercise
regularly, die anyway. But all these measures don‟t prolong their lives. The persona of the essay is
Jiggins whose mania is laughed at. He is obsessed about his health. He takes cold bath and hot
sponge every morning. He breathes in fresh air, does Sandow exercises, passes his break time in
exercise at office, and attends a gym in the evening. He walks before sleeping and after awakening.
How to live 200 (Pieces of advice given by the writer, Are these measures practical, How can one live
long life?)
“The punishment of every disordered mind is its own disorder.”
Leacock gives humorous and exaggerated suggestions to live a long life. Some people make their life
difficult, miserable, monotonous, boring and dull due to their obsession of health and food consciousness.
Their obsession doesn‟t serve anything and they die as others. These obsessed people are advised many
measures. However life passed with enjoyments and peace of mind can be easy and prolonged. The use
of hyperbole to be carefree makes us suspicious of these suggestions. Nevertheless, they can keep us
healthy mentally. This can save us from worries and cares and even diseases. The writer suggests that
man should enjoy sound sleep, get up at appropriate time and not take tension about health and work. He
should avail fresh air and do exercise if time is available. He should avoid cold bath and hot sponge. He
should get over the fear of germs and diseases. He shouldn‟t be fearful of bacilli and other germs. He
should eat whatever he finds and how much he gets. One who is very sensitive and conscious about the
selection of food makes life difficult. One should get other‟s services to accomplish his tasks. He should
enjoy his life. Eat, drink, play and be merry.
Open Window (Themes of appearance and reality..Mental illness or confusion, irony and suspense,
Character of Vera/Ms. Sappleton)
Irony is the gaiety of reflection and the joy of wisdom………Anatole France

This essay is full of suspense and irony in which a young girl of fifteen makes Mr. Nuttel a
fool. She is very clever and manipulating. Though she is fifteen years old, yet she is more
authoritative and cunning than she should be. The appearance, conversation and manners of a village
girl are ironical. She looks much mature than her age. Her actions and conversation are constant
source of suspense. She is a keen observer of other‟s habits and routines and uses them in her
fabricated story told to Mr. Nuttel. She uses Nuttel‟s ignorance to countryside, mental illness and
hallucination. She tells him story with fabricated minute details of habits and manners of her aunt and
her uncle coming from snipe shooting. This blend of reality and imagination is ironical, a source of
suspense and dilemma of present man. This is another theme of this fiction that man wavers between
illusion and reality. It is difficult to differentiate. When it exposes, it causes severe mental illness. The
symbol of open window is the exposition of reality. The deception of the young girl is another feature
of modern life. There is a little difference between sanity and insanity.
Open Window (Character of Mr. Nuttel, Dilemma of present times, Mental illness)
“A sick thought can devour the body's flesh more than fever or consumption.” …..Guy de Maupassant.
Mr. Nuttel is second main character who is fooled by a young girl of fifteen. He visits the
countryside to seek better mental health. He suffers from an undisclosed nervous ailment. He brings a
letter of introduction to Mrs. Sappleton in order to make her acquaintance for his stay in her village.
While he waits for Mrs.Sappleton to appear, her niece keeps him company and tells him a story about
why a window in the room has been left open. He is a representative of modern man who has a
confused state of mind. He is unable to differentiate appearance and reality. The noise and rapidity of
the cities has made him ill. He takes refuge in the countryside. He is a passive person who is dictated
by his sister and Vera. He thinks that strangeness will improve his health but he gets frightened when
he finds it. He believes Vera‟s story of open window that Mrs. Sappleton‟s dead husband and brothers
will return one day. When Nuttel looks out the window and sees figures matching the descriptions of
the long-dead hunters in the niece‟s story, he suffers a mental breakdown and flees the house.
Place of Science in liberal Education (Benefits of science, Science education vs Classical education,
Benefits of classical education, science and literature and art, Two merits of science in contrast to
Literature and art, suggestion of good use of science)

Science has revolutionized human life. It has reduced distances, controlled the forces of
nature, brought changes in wireless telegraphy and changed the world into a global village. The real
end of science is the formation of rational and intellectual outlook on the world. It trains mind, makes
well informed and gives impersonal point of view. Science does a little nourishment of mind. Science
is inferior to classical education and literature because science is not taught with the same spirit. It
is concerned with present and future.
Science has two merits in contrast to art and literature. It takes an objective view of life. It
has no place for human passions and subjectivity. Secondly it grows scientific attitude whether the
actual theory is right or wrong. Darwin‟s theory of natural selection and Malthus‟ theory of population
are erroneous; however, they have created a scientific method and mode of inquiry.
In science, mostly creative theories are applied by the average scientists. The real genius
is those who invents for the first time. But in art and literature, the work is always creative. The real
outlook of life is projected through the works. This scientific method is not present in philosophy.
Philosophy looks at the world as a whole. If science develops this universalism, it will be excellent
because philosophy can‟t get solid results as science does. It provides happiness in the passionate
this planet.
Place of Science in liberal Education (Russell‟s concept of education, inherent weakness of classical
education, ideal form of education, science education can be made useful, Moral end of education)
Bertrand has a different view of education. His focus is on the development of creativity.
The true end of education is innovation rather passivity. It widens personal outlook. The writer
criticizes the inherent weakness of classical education. It is much associated with past. It restricts
novelty and criticizes present and future. It doesn‟t help to attain new things. The lovers of classical
art and literature only focus on past ideals and hate present ones. There are two perspectives of
education. One is broader and other is narrower. Education is not mere bookish and academic. It is
the outcome of the experiences of life. In the narrower sense, it is based on the instructions.
The real education is the formation of mental habits and certain outlook on life. It can be
formed through either instructions or experiences. There are primary impulses and associated desires
in man‟s life. The purpose of education is to restrict primary impulses and flourish associated desires
because primary instincts are savage and destructive. According to Russell, education teaches
wisdom. It controls primary instincts through contact with outer world.
Moral end of education is intellectual. The world is seen objectively. It rejects our own desires, tastes
and interests. Education creates a sense of universalism. It invokes the sense of artistic creation.
On a Common Cold (How has the writer used Irony, Use of exaggeration, Humor created, Effects of a
common cold, Appeal of the essay on matter or subject matter)
The essay on a common cold is a humorous account of the effects of common cold. The
writer creates appeal in his essay through the subject matter. It is replete with irony and
exaggeration which create humor, interest and fun. Irony is the difference of appearance and reality
while exaggeration is a boastful description. The title is ironic. Though it is a common cold yet it
affects drastically in the essay. The three aspects of the common cold, which are symptoms, its
effects on the patient and its historical role, are ironic and exaggerated in this essay.
The description of symptoms “Pains in teeth and roots of the hair”, “A common cold alters
the very existence of him who suffers from it”, “Pathos, together with a slightly hysterical humour”
and “alters the spirit, the very nature of the person it attacks” are ironic and exaggerated.
Moreover, the attitude becomes perverted. The person suffering from it does unusual
things. He meets those whom he dislikes. The writer gives the example of his cousin who meets him
in common cold. The lonely person starts visits theatre, lectures and concert halls. All these changes
are exaggerated and ironic.
The role of the common cold is historic. England is blessed with it. Napoleon was defeated
due to common cold. The defeat of Hitler and Caesar is also nominated to the common cold in the
essay. All these accounts are ironic, exaggerated and humorous. It arouses the interest of the reader.
“Common, indeed, with such a history!”

KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH RAILWAY ROAD SHAKARGARH0333-4-91-92-97

On a Common Cold (Symptoms of common cold, Effects of common cold, Experiences of ordinary life,
who causes bad cold)
“But most all does the common cold alter the spirit, the very nature of the person it
attacks”
The effects of the common cold are many and drastic according to the essay. The writer
has described them through the series of daily experiences. A common cold has many symptoms. It
affects human beings in many ways. It brings changes not only in physical health but also in manners
and habits. The writer gives an exaggerated, ironic and humorous account of its effects. It causes
sneezing and coughing. It causes pain in teeth, limbs and the roots of hair. It also makes eyes sore. “A
common cold alters the very existence of him who suffers from it” All these examples are takes from
common life.
The voice of the patient becomes heavy and rough. It causes breathing problem. It brings
pathos and hysterical humour. The patient loses taste in his life. A smoker loses taste in cigarette. It
brings boredom in man‟s life. The patient likes to lie down in the bed, become bookless and
untalkative.
It perverts the habits, thoughts and manners of the patients. A friendless person likes the
company of others. Once, his cousin who never liked to meet the writer came to him due to her
common cold. A lonely person begins to like gathering and goes to theatres, cinemas and concerts.
The writer has drawn its effects through common experiences.
A common cold spreads in the community by many people. The hairdressers and waiters
cause the spreading of common cold. The clergy men spread it in the Sunday prayers. “To be
considered as refrigerators, in which germs can be preserved fresh and healthy” The writer and
famous speakers in PEN club meeting spread it. The medical stores and shrines are its centers. The
doctors bring it to their home.
On a Common Cold (Historical role of common cold, Noble part in World Events, Comparison with Plague)
The effects of the common cold are many and drastic according to the essay. The writer
has described them through the series of daily experiences. “But most all does the common cold
alters the spirit, the very nature of the person it attacks.” The effects of common cold are extended to
the historical background. It had played havocs in the human history.
It is the descendent of plague which claimed millions of deaths in the past. It was called
Black Death. It spread throughout the community. In the same way, common cold resembles its
ancestral disease, plague. It has a long history. Even it is referred in Elizabethan poetry.
“And the cold, too, has played a noble part in world events.” The writer describes its role in
the world history especially in the backdrop of England. England is favorable for the growth of bad
cold. Napoleon was defeated by the common cold at Waterloo. This success is attributed to Duke of
Wellington and Blucher. The writer negates this idea. It was common cold that played significant role
in the accession of Roman Empire by Julius Caesar.
Moreover, it has always stopped the generals of British Army to give command for a great war through
sneezing. The writer describes it in a humorous manner. He says, “Common, indeed, with such a history!”
EMOTIONAL MEANINGS (Difference of emotional and objective meanings/ difference of moral and
scientific judgment/ difference of objective and subjective meaning/ How do the words matter a lot)
The wound of cut heals but the wound of tongue never heals. Punjabi Proverb
The use of words is very important in our life. They point out some idea associated with
them. Language is arbitrary and there is no connection between words and their meanings. They are
set socially and traditionally. There are two layers of associated ideas with the words. One is
objective meanings while the other is emotional meanings. The objective meanings are also called
scientific, denotative and impersonal meanings. They are unprejudiced, unbiased and impersonal.
They are acknowledged on a wider scale. Mostly they are same across the cultures. They are free of
colors, likeness and dislikes of the individuals. They don‟t raise any conflict among their users. They
create scientific judgment.
On the other hand, emotional meanings are subjective, personal and mostly culture
specific. They vary from person to person and society to society. They are some associated ideas
with the objective meanings. They are driven by conventions and norms of the societies. They arouse
conflicts and differences. The people set certain likeness and dislikes with the words. They create
moral judgment among the users. The ideas associated with the set norms are considered good. The
violation of those set standards will cause variation, conflicts and differences. They are very
necessary to create beauty in the speech. The poetry loses its charms if there are no emotional
meanings. Because according to Keats. “Heard Melodies Are Sweet, but Those Unheard Are Sweeter”
Many social, cultural, religious and political differences cause due to difference of
emotional meanings. The word “dog” means an animal while “Mongrel” is used for negative
connotations. The words “firm” and “obstinate, pigheaded” are same in objective meanings but
different in emotional meanings. The word “Martyr” and “assassinated” mean killing but former is
sacred and latter is not.
It can be concluded that the use of words should be made carefully because their
emotional meanings can bring disasters.
EMOTIONAL MEANINGS (Controversies in politics, religions, and morals/ Effects of wrong use of words/
Emotional meanings bring conflicts)
Emotional meanings are conceived meanings other than objective meanings. They are
subjective and personal and vary from man to man. They are abstract. They cause difference and
controversies in religion, politics and morality. These conflicts don‟t come to an end because they are
backed by the conflicting emotional meanings.
The religious controversies are very common as a result of these words. The word
“Heretic” for the different sects of Islam has caused many deaths and fights. Its objective meanings
are used for other religions and they don‟t create any violence. Its use in Islam for different sects
creates violence and terrorism.
The words of Bolshevik, Fascist, Revolutionary, Reactionary, constitutional and national
honor create different emotional meanings. The emotional meanings of these words create likeness
and dislikes. This creates political controversy among the people. The person living in the west
develops emotional meanings of dislikes for Bolshevik and Fascist while a communist develops the
meanings of likeness. The controversy of “Martyr” for Taliban by Munawar Hassan is another example
of religious and political conflict caused by emotional meanings.
There are different emotional meanings associated with the same words. It depends upon
affiliation and attachment to one‟s ideas. A fluent and forceful speech delivered by one of our own
party is eloquent; a similar speech by one the opposite party is fanatical. The words are same
objectively but different emotionally. This sort of difference often creates conflicts. The emotional
meanings are subjective, prejudiced and partial and they result disasters.
Morality means acceptability to the society. Thus emotional meanings conceived other
than acceptable norms cause moral conflicts. The person who deviates the society is called mad
person. The Punjabi word “mama” is an abuse in most parts while it is a sign of respect in others.
These conflicts can be solved through unemotional and scientific meanings only.
SECRET LIFE OF WALTER MITTY (Fantasy of Mitty, Story of Every man, Roles of Mitty, difference of
imagination and reality, Dissatisfaction of Mitty with his life, Escapism, Romantic character, Character
Sketch of Mitty, The most important Theme)
The man who has no imagination has no wings. Muhammad Ali
The character of Walter is the central character. He portrays the central theme of
imaginations and reality. He is a day dreamer. The whole story is full of his fantasy world. He escapes
into an imaginary world from the reality of the world which is dominated and bullied by his wife. She
treats him as a child and immature person.
He is dissatisfied with his life. He wants to get rid of his problems. He only takes refuge
into his imaginations. He takes his romantic and ideal flight to the fantastic world. He consoles
himself by performing the different roles in his imaginations. He is a true human being in this regard.
Every person of this world is imaginative to some extent. “Heard Melodies Are Sweet, but Those
Unheard Are Sweeter”
While driving, he imagines being a pilot of an eight engine Navy hydroplane. He shows
bravery, unusual skill and daring performance. He controls the hydroplane in his imaginations but his
wife is out of control. Mitty gets his unfulfilled desires through his imaginations.
He drives past a hospital and starts another fantasy. This time, he's a famous surgeon
doctor trying to save a millionaire named Wellington McMillan. He is praised by others but he is often
admonished in his real life.
He reaches the court and confesses to be a killer when he hears a boy shouting Waterbury
trials. He waited his wife in the hotel lobby where he read a magazine with the pictures of German
bombers. This takes him to the fantastic world of imagination. He fantasizes himself an air captain.
He is willing to sacrifice for his country. His dream is interrupted by his wife. But when she went to
drug store, he again imagines himself to be facing firing squad bravely.
It can be concluded that Mitty is brave, risky, patriot, dominant on others, an expert
surgeon, pilot, naval captain, sharp-shooter and praiseworthy person in his imaginative world. But he
is opposite in his real life. He is fearful from his wife.
SECRET LIFE OF WALTER MITTY (Conflict of Mitty and his wife, theme of marriage, theme of Man and
masculinity, resolved conflict or not)
The secret life of short story is the fantasy of a character. He takes the flight of his
imaginations to reach his imaginative world. He satisfies his unfulfilled desires there. He acts
opposite to his real life. He has conflict with his wife. This conflict is due to their difference of
imaginative powers. Mitty is extraordinary imaginative while his wife is cool minded and matter of
fact fellow. Mitty can create his dreamy world with a slight hint and in a fraction of second. He enjoys
his dreamy world.
Our truest life is when we are in dreams awake. Henry David
Walter Mitty is a daydreamer who imagines himself the hero of his fantasies as a navy pilot
commander, doctor, sharpshooter on trial, bomber pilot, and victim of a firing squad. His wife treats
him more like a child than a husband. This is the result of his immature habit of escaping into
daydreams.
He escapes from reality while Mrs. Mitty is practical, unemotional, and objective and
realist. She stops her husband from day dreaming. She is irritated at his habit. She always interrupts
his dreams and insults him. His response is childish. "Does it ever occur to you that I am sometimes
thinking?"
This difference of husband and wife also project the theme of misfit relationships. The
theme of matrimonial difference is very sound. The good relations demand mental harmony of
husband and wife. The relationship of Mr. and Mrs. Mitty is ironical. Being a husband, Mitty should be
active and dominant. But in real life, he is a work shirker, coward and passive person.
This conflict even goes on to the end of the story. It never resolves. He can‟t get away from
his dreamy world. Both are unable to understand each other. Mrs. Mitty advises him to visit the
doctor. She is emotionless. “The lunatic, the lover, and the poet, are of imagination all compact.”
Shakespeare
Why do those bright ideas come from? (1. Ideas of creative thinkers, 2. striking activity of creativity, 3.
Sources of ideas)
As imagination bodies forth..The form of things unknown. Shakespeare
The process of creative thought is complex and arbitrary. Mostly it is associated with
unconscious. The working of unconscious is unknown and uncontrolled. Thus it is difficult to bring it
within the domain of consciousness. According to Lancelot Whyte a creative thought is “Leap in
thought.” The thinkers and great writers remain unaware of the process of their creativity. Mostly it is
considered as divine revelation. The poetic creation as well as scientific discoveries is brought forth
by some mysterious process. It is an intuitive process. This process of sudden exposition is common
in religious mysticism, philosophy, art, literature, science, mathematics and technical inventions.
The writer has supported many examples from the life of great thinkers and minds. They
went through the similar way. Richard Wagner was a great musician. He got his prelude to
“Rhinegold” in a trance like state. The writer says about it, “The conscious mind at the moment of
creation knew nothing of actual processes.” Henri Poincare was a great mathematician. He got
knowledge about “Fuchsian” function at night after taking black coffee in his sleepless night.
Descartes presented his philosophy in his dream. Mozart music was also discovered while
its creator was playing billiard. Hamilton got his new mathematical method while walking in the
street of Dublin with his wife.
Walter Scott always got his ideas while resting and sleeping at night. It is called “Sleeping
on it.” He says, “Never mind, I shall have it at seven o‟ clock tomorrow morning.” Blake says, “I have
written the poem, without premeditation.” Darwin says, “Ideas and beliefs are not voluntary acts.”
All these examples show that creativity is involuntary action. Human conscious has no role
in this sudden action. However, it is not known how it happens.
Why do those bright ideas come from? (1. Role of creative imagination, 2. inability of consciousness, 3.
What does creative imagination do that the conscious mind does not do, 4. conditions and atmosphere for
creativity, 5. Graham Wallas‟ division of unconscious process)
There is not sufficient information on mental working. However, Whyte concludes that
unconscious activity is necessary for creativity. It has inspired many great thinkers of the world. They
agree on that conscious can‟t create something new. However there are certain situations in which
unconscious works well. Conscious has certain limitations. It sticks to the problems but unconscious
is a boundless sea of extra ordinary powers. It can be understood from the theory of ten percent use
of mind by Einstein. Human mind has a great potential in unconscious, which is yet to be explored.
It is revealed through the process of creation by many great minds of the world. GB Shaw
says “The voices come first, and I find the reason after.” Schiller says, “Poetry sets out from the
unconscious.”This creativity and intuitive thoughts are beyond the domain of conscious. They emerge
from unconscious. Shelley says, “Sudden, thy shadow fell on me: I shrieked, and clasped my hands in
ecstasy.” Graham Wallas divided the process of creative thought into four stages. He gives some
importance to conscious. He divides as, “Conscious preparation, Unconscious Incubation (readiness),
Illumination and Conscious Verification”
However, some thinkers say that conscious is the platform through which unconscious
works. There are certain things which facilitate unconscious. Firstly, interest is very necessary in this
regard. It invokes the unconscious. So the creative people have brought innovations in certain fields
of interests. Secondly, it requires rest and relaxation. Hadamard was a French mathematician. He
says, “Mathematical invention is choice guided by the aesthetic sense.” Thirdly, one must not be in
hurry in the creative thought. New ideas come less easily when the mind is strained by anxiety.
Fourthly, mind should be receptive because it gets different things and shapes them into a new whole.
Keats says, “Let us open our leaves like a flower and be passive and receptive.”
END OF THE ROAD (1. Holy Picture of Kaaba 2. Kaaba is the simplest structure yet holy )
Muhammad Asad gives the holy picture of Kaaba in his essay “End of the Road.” He is a
converted Muslim from Judaism. He describes it as “The goal of longing for so many millions of people
for so many centuries” It is small and squire building. “It was apex of their desires” It is a perfect
cube. It is covered by black brocade. It is in the centre of the Mosque.
It presents a quiet picture of art. The writer says “Much quieter than any other work of
architecture anywhere in the world” It was built by Hazrat Ibrahim (A.S). Many times it was rebuilt. It
is the sign of “Man‟s humility before God.” It is the simplest three dimension form. The writer says
about its structure “Could ever do justice to the idea of God”
The writer doesn‟t find its majestic qualities even in the mosques of North Africa, The
Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, majestic buildings of Istanbul and buildings in the other parts of the
world. It is the simplest structure of a cube. It is “The complete renunciation of all beauty of line and
form.” The simple things are more majestic like pyramids of Egypt. The picture of Kaaba drawn by the
writer is mostly spiritual and emotional. It has religious associations.
END OF THE ROAD (1. Experiences of the writer on the road. 2. Experiences of a European as a Muslim. 3.
Contrast with European)
“Islam appears to me like a perfect work of architecture. All its parts are harmoniously
conceived to complement and support each other; nothing is superfluous and nothing lacking; and the
result is a structure of absolute balance and solid composure.” MUHAMMAD ASAD
This essay is the vivid and narrative account of his journey towards Makka. After
converting to Islam fro Judaism, he travels to Makka for the first pilgrim. He is accompanied by
different Asian people belonging to different ethnic groups. This is the journey from the west to the
east. He compares two civilizations. One is characterized by modernism and materialism while other
is traditional and poor.
He forgot Europe and carried himself to the Middle East. There were Chinese, Arabs and
Yemenis who were returning to their homes after working in the Europe. Then he draws the picture of
Jidda. The streets of Jidda are fascinating. Iran and Egypt are better than any other country of
Europe.
Asad also narrates the difficult journey for the pilgrims. Some of them died on the way
The Arabian cities are the show of cultures of the whole Muslim World. The houses are
different. They are open to breeze with molded front wall. They have thinnest screens of wood.
The writer also brings the account of desert life and Bedouin. They are primitive people of
Arabia. They people from all over the Muslim world gather and chant “Labbayk Allahumma, Labbayk!”
The days are very hot. The sand is burning. There is a lot of difference between both the civilizations.
The civilization of Makkah joins the different people all over the world and makes them a family. It
was a great shift from Judaism to Islam. Islam propagates brotherhood. Thus experience of the writer
is the experience of brotherhood.
END OF THE ROAD (1. Influence of western culture, 2. Scientific discoveries are universal)
“I have great respect for [Asad's] exposition of Islamic ideas and especially his criticism of
Western culture and its materialistic philosophies” Maulana Maududi
In this essay, the writer takes into his account the effects of western culture on the world
especially the Muslims. He was accompanied by Chinese, Arabs and Yemenis. He thought that Europe
had influenced them. “They would exchange the western hat for a turban or a Kufiyya.” He further
says, “Would they return the same men as they had set out.”
He mentions the effect of western culture on the Muslims as “The souls of many Muslim
men and women are slowly shriveling.” The Muslims are led by the west. They compromise their faith.
They are following the westerns. They have reduced the scope of religion. It is mere “Mere melodious
twinkling” for the Europeans. The writer says that the Muslims are growing smaller rather greater as
the modernist think. The creativity of Europe shouldn‟t be mixed with culture.
The Muslims should learn from the European in the field of science and technology.
“Science is neither Western nor Eastern.” The scientific discoveries are chain of discoveries for the
whole humanity. It is not bound to any country. As the Muslims scientists like Al- Khwarizmi, Jabir Bin
Hayyan and Ibne Sina were the pioneer of science. The Muslims should be proud of their past. They
should take imitate scientific discoveries rather their culture. The writer was staunch opponent of
this cultural influence. He was the friend of Allama Iqbal who says, “Empty concord the soul of
Europe, Whose civilization to no Makkah bends”
HOW DO THE POOR DIE (1. Pathetic picture of French hospitals, 2.Subjective and objective picture of
wards)
George Orwell gives the pathetic and critical pictures of French hospitals and poor human
condition through his personal experiences. It is the first person narration. The essay is based on
personal experiences. The writer got admitted into a general ward French Hospital X when he fell ill
with fever. It was the ward for the poor. George Orwell gives his first-hand report of his experience as
a distant observer. He gives his feelings and reactions. "I lay down again, humiliated, disgusted and
frightened". The author has drawn a subjective and objective picture at the same time. He observes
the other people on the ward, i.e., doctors, nurses, patients, visitors.
The events are about the sufferings of other patients, the actions of the nurses, the
behavior of the doctors and medical students. It makes the reader full of pity, sympathy and sorrow
for their suffering and for their poor state which is common in a public hospital. The pathetic account
has strong feelings of pity, sympathy and sorrow."In every hospital death there will be some cruel,
squalid detail...leaving terribly painful memories behind." The treatment he was given there was
inhuman and painful. Before starting treatment, he had to pass through a detailed interview at
reception. He was unable to stand but he had to do it. Then he was given bath after questioning. It
was routine for new comers. He saw many deaths there. It was very painful experience. He was
treated with the ancient method of cupping after it. This all was done in intense cold. The cupping
drew out blood from his body. He was treated as animals. It was a trainee hospital in which students
of medical got training on the poor patients.
After cupping, he was treated with mustard poultice. It was also inhuman and painful. The
attitude of nurses was very bad. They checked the temperature of the patients with the same
thermometer. Their behavior was indifferent. The food served there was of poor quality and
unhygienic. The patients were crowded. The method of checking and knocking his body was very
painful. It was the most disgraceful that the patients were called out by their bed numbers. The scene
of death of No. 57 was very sad. “This business of people just dying like animals, for instance, with
nobody standing by, nobody interested, the death not even noticed till the morning.”The ward was full
of foul smell and poor sanitation. The picture is pathetic and gloomy. Orwell has presented the
realistic picture.
HOW DO THE POOR DIE (1. Comparison with English hospitals. )
The picture of French hospitals X is very horrible. It was very common in nineteenth
century. The writer has presented many literary references about the condition of hospitals in the
past. But it is present even in twentieth century in the French Hospital X. The condition of the English
hospitals was much better than it. The writer has drawn contrast of both the countries after his
experience in a French Hospital. He observed and presented the first hand information.
The attitude of nurses was cold, inhuman and unkind in the French Hospital. Their habits
and manners were dirty while treating the patients. In the English hospitals, the nurses were well
trained, disciplined and clean. They were devoted to their jobs. They treated the patients kindly. The
death of the patients was not considered a routine matters. The lifeless body of Number 57 remained
unnoticed for the whole night in Hospital X while in English dead bodies were removed immediately.
The patients didn‟t get horrified.
The English hospitals were cleaned. The hygienic conditions were good. But the French
hospitals were dirty and unclean. “It was not the only hospital I have fled from, but its gloom and
barrenness, its sticky smell.” The patients were treated with old methods in the French Hospital
without anesthesia while English hospitals were better. There was the difference of quality of food
served as well as the treatment of the doctors. The doctors were polite in English hospitals. Its
condition was similar to old English tales in past literature of the 19th century. The doctors and nurses
reduced the pains of the patients.
HOW DO THE POOR DIE (1. Style of Orwell. 2. Features of writing)
Many features can be derived from the essay. Firstly, he is a realist writer. He has used his experiences
and real settings of his time in his essay. His account of French Hospital is minutely detailed and vividly
drawn. Secondly he focuses the apparent picture rather inner one. It gives objective picture. Thirdly he
has used first person narration but with a distant observations. His style of writing is narrative. He has
expressed in the form of a tale. Fourthly, he has used many historical allusions in his writing. He has
drawn the picture of the Hospital X by comparing it the condition of hospitals of 19th century in English
literature like Tennyson‟s poem, The Children‟s Hospital and the conversation between Bob Sawyer and
Benjamin Allen. Fifthly, he has used irony and humor to expose the attitude and treatment of the doctors
and nurses. But the overall atmosphere is gloomy and pathetic. It narrates the miserable picture of the
treatment done with the poor. Sixthly he has used audio visual images in his narration. Seventhly, his
language is simple and appealing. He describes the details in a detached manner.
TV Addiction (TV viewing is an addiction, Similarity between TV addiction and other addictions,
Dangerous as alcoholism and drugs, difference of TV and drug addiction)
Addiction is the excessive obsession of some activity. TV addiction is similar to drug and
alcohol addiction. Firstly the addict of TV feels discomfort without it as an alcoholic and drug addict
do. He can‟t live without it. He remains “Hooked on TV” Secondly it becomes difficult to get rid of both
TV addiction and drug addiction. The heavy addict says “I find television almost irresistible.” Their life
without it is passive and inactive. Thirdly TV addiction gives pleasure and happiness to its addicts. He
feels relaxed. He doesn‟t feel normal without them.
Fourthly both help a person to be romantic and imaginative. The man who has no
imagination has no wings. Muhammad Ali . The addict doesn‟t want to face reality and idealizes
himself into an escaped world. He consoles himself with series of idealized imaginations. “Heard
Melodies Are Sweet, but Those Unheard Are Sweeter.” The addicts of both TV and drugs want to do it
again and again.
Fifitly both the addictions waste the sense of time. The addicts forget that time and tide
waits for none. They remain stuck to TV and don‟t play role in their actual life. The television habit
distorts the sense of time.
Sixthly it reduces their social interactions. The addicts don‟t get opportunity to
communicate with others. Seventhly both the addictions have no end of satiation. The addicts go on
watching TV. It increases day by day like other addictions.
However, there are some differences between these two addictions. TV addiction doesn‟t
affect the addict physically. It is less harmful than drug addiction as the addict leads a damaged life.
The drug and heroin addicts suffer from health problems. But TV addicts don‟t have such problems.
The writer says it “Cookies addicts” Mostly they face emotional problems. It can be concluded that
TV addiction is as dangerous as drug addiction. It harms social and personal life of an individual.
TV Addiction (measures to avoid it. How can it be stopped?)
Excess of everything is bad. TV watching for a suitable time is not bad. It is the source of
entertainment. Moreover it is very necessary in this globalized world. However its use by the students
and women create a lot of problems. The domestic conflicts caused by star plus drama addiction
were very common a few years ago.
Its harms can be minimized by the following measures. Firstly there should an environment
to offer prayers five times a day. It shifts the focus of the children. The parents can present their own
role models. Secondly early rising is a great habit in this regard. The prime time of TV watching is
from evening till late at night. The early riser can‟t stay with TV for a long time. Early to bed and early
to rise makes and man healthy, wealthy and wise
Thirdly the alternative sources of entertainment should be used to reduce its obsession.
The domestic games can be used instead of TV. Fourthly there should be a proper timing for TV
watching. The news casting and informative programs are necessary for the development of the
students. The parents can have proper check and balance in the TV hours.
Fifthly reading habit should be induced among the viewers. They can be realized its
importance as Bacon said “Reading maketh a full man; and writing an axact man.” Sixthly the govt.
and PEMRA should ban all those programs which are obscene and can affect the social and
ideological grounds of the country directly or indirectly. Certain films and dramas promote crimes and
obscenity. The social sciences experts should analyze them and suggest the govt.
KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH RAILWAY ROAD SHAKARGARH(0308-32-32-488)

REPORT WRITING
Dated: January 25, 2014.
To
The Daily Dawn,
Lahore.
From:
X.Y.Z.,
The Chairman,
Human Rights Commission,
Shakargarh.
Subject: ELECTION IN PAKISTAN
Respected Sir,
(BODY)(Introduction)
This report with suggestions regarding elections and its process in our country is presented for the
public awareness and suggests the law making institutions.
Action (past tense, S+V2+O)
 I collected the data by different ways.
 I visited different polling stations during election process.
 I collected facts and figures from ten polling stations
 I got the number of contesting candidates.
 The researcher interviewed hundred different people about the election process and mind set of the
people regarding the selection of candidature.
 I observed the position of law and order in the polling stations.
 I observed critical situation and violation of code and conduct mentioned by the election commission.
Observations (past tense, S+V2+O …….Information, S+LV(is, am, are, was, were, has, have, had)+Information OR
Action completed, S+has/have+V3+O)
 I found that the candidates were giving bribery to the people to buy their loyalty
 Many poor people did it as a business
 The candidates having power also harassed some people
 They threatened them to vote for them
 The forbidden campaign was done within polling station
 The rigging was done in many ways
 The staff of polling was also biased
 Only two police men with old weapons were detailed on every station
 The powerful politicians threatened the people within the area of polling stations
 The candidates provided their own transport to bring voters
 Only 20%Female voters cast their votes
 The voters were divided on the base of caste, sects and ethnic difference
Conclusion: (Information, S+LV(is, am, are, was, were, has, have, had)+Information OR Action completed,
S+has/have+V3+O))
 The violation of Election commission was being done
 The people are poor in their political vision
 There was no criteria of evaluation of the candidates
 The staff of polling rigged and cast many votes
 The poor law and order couldn’t stop any violation of law
Suggestion: (Use of should….Active.S+should/must+V1+O…Passive, O+should+be+V3)
 The law enforcement agencies should be appointed to keep the law and order.
 The corrupt politicians should be dealt with iron hands.
 High officials of election commission should have invigilating rounds to check the duty of lower staff.
 ECP should establish rapid response force to have a check on election process.
 Surveillance cameras should be installed with video making
 Political awareness should be propagated through media.
 The religious scholars should infuse the spirit of Islam among the people.
 ECP should establish a help line service to attend the complaints of the people.
 Though the problem is of grave nature, yet it can be dealt scientifically and selflessly.
Yours Truly,
(Signature)
X.Y.Z
REPORT WRITING
To
The Editor
"The Pakistn times" Faisalabad.
From:
X.Y.Z.,
Staff reporter “The Pakistan Times" Islamabad.
Subject: Usage of mobile phone among students
Respected Sir,
(BODY)
(Introduction)
I have been assigned the jobs of reporting on usage of mobile phone among students, its uses and
abuses. It is according to the terms of references mentioned in our directions.
 I visited an educational institute
 I observed extra-ordinary usage of mobile phones among students
Observations (past tense, S+V2+O …….Information, S+LV(is, am, are, was, were, has, have,
had)+Information OR Action completed, S+has/have+V3+O)
 The students were listening to the music
 They were chatting with some students
 They were doing messaging at very high speed
 They were wasting their time.
 I interviewed hundred students about the use of mobile phones.
 They also admitted that it is harmful for studies
 Most of them have forgotten their first and foremost obligation and duty as a student
 They indulge in the meaningless and earth activities.
 Mostly they skip their lectures
 A few students were using mobile phones for educational purposes.
 All the coins have two sides.
 Everything has positive as well as negative aspect.
 Using internet on mobile phones is very useful
 It is the great source of communication
 Some students think that it is the source of contact with their children
 But youth is blind and get astray
 They don‟t think about their benefits and harms
Conclusion (Information, S+LV(is, am, are, was, were, has, have, had)+Information OR Action completed,
S+has/have+V3+O)
 It is concluded that it is a mixed blessings
 It controlled use is beneficial
 Some people use it as status symbol as well
 It distract the majority of students
 They surf illicit material on the websites
 The college authorities should control its use
 The discipline committee should restrict its use in the college
 The awareness lectures should be given to the students
 A list of rules and regulations should be displayed
 The parents should play an active and responsible role
 Mobile use inside the college class rooms should be banned
 PTA should control the night packages.
 Restricted and filtered internet use should be provided at low costs.
 It can be made a great blessing
 Use of science for better prospects should be ensured
Yours Truly,
(Signature)
X.Y.Z
REPORT WRITING
To
The Editor,
"The Pakistn times" Faisalabad.
From:
X.Y.Z.,
Staff reporter “The Pakistan Times" Islamabad.
Subject: Energy Crises
Respected Sir,
I have been assigned the jobs of reporting on harms of load shedding in our country, its solutions
and recommendations. It is according to the terms of references mentioned in our directions.
 The researcher collected facts and figures from WAPDA
 I interviewed hundred different people about the harms of load shedding.
 I visited three sections of the city, students, people and business circles.
 I observed extra-ordinary hours of load shedding
 There was twelve hours electricity schedule according to WAPDA officials.
 There were many irregularities in the schedule of electricity.
 There was no specific timing of load shedding.
 The main supply remained failed for many hours over which officials had no control.
 Many people have arranged alternative to electricity.
 They have spent a lot of money on generators, rechargeable lights and solar panels.
 The poor people were disturbed because they couldn‟t buy alternative resources.
 The students can‟t prepare for the examination.
 The poor people complained in their interviews that they were unable to earn for their children.
 The laborers could get only a few hour working in the last month.
 The majority of them were unable to manage their economic affairs.
S+has/have+V3+O))
 It has affected the people in many ways.
 The masses are disturbed
 The poor have no means to buy power generation resources.
 The load shedding and energy crises have affected the common people mentally, socially and
economically.
 Govt. has no check and balance in WAPDA.
 There is a lot of corruption and WAPDA officials use unfair means to exploit the poor masses.
 This situation has adversely affected the industry
 The industries have shut down in a few months.
 Proper schedule should be followed for the load shedding.
 Corruption should be dealt with iron hands.
 Govt. should provide solar panels at cheaper rates.
 Awareness should be propagated through media.
 Subsidy should be given to the factories to compensate the loss.
 The govt. should sign agreements with the other countries in this regard.
 WAPDA should establish a help line service to attend the complaints of the people.
Yours Truly,
(Signature)
X.Y.Z
KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH RAILWAY ROAD SHAKARGARH (0308-32-32-488)
REPORT WRITING
To
The DPO,
Punjab Police Department,
Lahore.
From:
X.Y.Z.,
The Chairman,
Lahore.
Subject: POOR LAW AND ORDER
Respected Sir,
The report along with suggestions regarding the poor law and order situation in our city is
presented for a prompt action as being the member of human rights.
 I collected facts and figures from all the police stations of the city
 I got the number of street crime rates
 I interviewed hundred different people about the situation of the law and order.
 I observed the position of law enforcement agencies on the road at night.
 I observed critical situation of law and order
 I found 100 cases of street crimes
 Ten cases of murder were registered
 Five cases of bomb blast were reported
 The people consider them insecure
 No policeman was there on patrolling duty at night
 The wealth and lives are at risk
 The people don‟t sleep well at night
 Many intellectuals have left the country due to this condition
 There is a massive capital drain as well.
S+has/have+V3+O))
 This situation has affected the people in many ways.
 The people are disturbed
 This situation is hazardous for the creative activities.
 The criminal are at large
 Foreign investment and tourism has been affected
 It has affected mentally, socially and economically.
 It has adversely affected the industry
 The honest police officers should be appointed to keep the law and order.
 The corrupt officials should be dealt with iron hands.
 High officials of police should have invigilating rounds to check the duty of lower staff.
 The police department should establish rapid response force to have a check on police.
 Night patrolling should be started along with night watch of the localities.
 The judiciary in the evening and night should be started for quick solutions of criminal cases.
 Awareness should be propagated through media.
 The religious scholars should infuse the spirit of Islam among the people.
 The police department should establish a help line service to attend the complaints of the people.
 Though the problem is of grave nature, yet it can be dealt scientifically and selflessly.
Yours Truly,
(Signature)
X.Y.Z
KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH RAILWAY ROAD SHAKARGARH (0308-32-32-488)
REPORT WRITING
To
The Daily Jang,
A.B.C (City)
From:
X.Y.Z.,
The Chairman,
A.B.C (City)
Subject: PROBLEMS OF STUDENTS
Respected Sir,
The report along with suggestions regarding the problems of the students in the colleges is
presented for prompt actions and as steps for future betterment.
 I collected facts and figures from all the offices
 I interviewed one hundred different students about their problems.
 I also contacted with fifty parents and asked their problems.
 I observed the students in the different colleges in the govt. sector
 I also got data from the teachers.
 The students have social, educational, intellectual and moral problems as a result of this study
 The students are not satisfied with the existing education system
 There is an intellectual bridge between parents and students
 The administrations of the college is least considerate towards problems of the students
 There is no scholarship program for the poor students
 Majority in the colleges belong to the rural areas in the govt. colleges
 Many students face financial problems
 There is lack of exposure to the IT technology to get away from the bookish knowledge
 The examination system promotes cramming rather conceptual building
 There is no counseling for the students in the college as well as in the houses
 The implementation of the rules and regulations is not up to mark
Conclusion: (Information, S+LV (is, am, are, was, were, has, have, had)+Information OR Action completed,
S+has/have+V3+O)
 The students are not guided in the selection of subjects and future consultancy
 They are motivated by the jobs rather knowledge oriented programs
 Many students have left their studies owing to poor economic conditions
 Some students have to work part time job
 They have no conception of their syllabus and they cram a few notes
 The education system with MCQ questions and short questions promotes cramming
 The parents don‟t consider their duty to follow up the studies of their children
 They are unable to enhance their ideas as they have no access to internet and insincerity of the
teachers
 The govt. should reform the education system
 There should be counseling cells in the college to facilitate the students
 Media should play its role in the awareness in the awareness of the parents and students.
 The examination system should be changed
 The administration of the colleges and teachers should realize their duties
 The jobs should be ascertained to make the students free of fear of joblessness
 The govt. should start scholarship program to help out the poor students
Yours Truly,
(Signature)
X.Y.Z

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KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH AND SCIENCES..

NOTES (SCIENCE STUDENTS)

KBL ACADEMY SHAKARGARH.

Questions having some statement to agree or disagree

animal, do you agree, Criticism on human foibles and follies,)

conquered human nature.

Rejection of Darwinian theory)

society, Two approaches of life, Examples from the history)

If we don't change, we don't grow. If we don't grow, we aren't really living.

ideas and life.

evolutions and changes in human society.

they haven‟t the time to enjoy it. (Josh Billings)

“The punishment of every disordered mind is its own disorder.”

enjoy his life. Eat, drink, play and be merry.

Character of Vera/Ms. Sappleton)

Irony is the gaiety of reflection and the joy of wisdom………Anatole France

of modern life. There is a little difference between sanity and insanity.

Literature and art, suggestion of good use of science)

is concerned with present and future.

wisdom. It controls primary instincts through contact with outer world.

common cold, Appeal of the essay on matter or subject matter)

are exaggerated and ironic.

“Common, indeed, with such a history!”

KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH RAILWAY ROAD SHAKARGARH0333-4-91-92-97

who causes bad cold)

The writer has drawn its effects through common experiences.

doctors bring it to their home.

the historical background. It had played havocs in the human history.

in the accession of Roman Empire by Julius Caesar.

TV Addiction (measures to avoid it. How can it be stopped?)

KBL ACADEMY OF ENGLISH RAILWAY ROAD SHAKARGARH(0308-32-32-488)

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