Usefulness

Playfulness Information
acquisition

Atypical Use Decision

quality

Enjoyment

Hypotheses:
1) There is significance relationship between playfulness and usefulness.
2) There is a significance relationship between usefulness and information acquisition.
3) There is a significance relationship between playfulness and information acquisition.
4) There is a significance relationship between atypical use and decision quality.
5) There is a significance relationship between atypical use and enjoyment.
6) There is a significance relationship between enjoyment and decision quality.
7) There is a significance relationship between playfulness and decision quality
8) There is a significance relationship between atypical use and information acquisition.

1) Case screening:
Case screening includes the 3 things.
a) Missing values
b) Unengaged responses
c) Outliers.
a) Missing Values:
We had the data of 325 respondents in which there were 8 missing values all were less than
the 5% which is mostly used and those missing values were replaced with the median (The
values which were on ordinal scale) and mean (The values which were on Continuous scale).
We have deleted 2 rows because the respondent had not filled the 80% of the data needed in
the forum we distributed or the responses were incomplete.
 Result Variables
Case Number of Non-Missing
N of Replaced
Values
Result Missing N of Valid Creating
Variable Values First Last Cases Function
1 InfoAcq_3 2 1 322 322 MEDIAN(Info
Acq_3,2)
2 Useful_5 1 1 322 322 MEDIAN(Usef
ul_5,2)
3 Joy_6 1 1 322 322 MEDIAN(Joy_
6,2)
4 DecQual_1 1 1 322 322 MEDIAN(Dec
Qual_1,2)
5 Useful_3 1 1 322 322 MEDIAN(Usef
ul_3,2)
6 Age 1 1 322 322 SMEAN(Age)

b) Unengaged responses:
We have found 16 unengaged responses with evidence and that respondent has answered the
same answer for all the questions asked in survey. So we deleted the responses because they
may affect our results in future.
 c) Outliers:
There were only one outlier so we adjusted the outlier with the mean (Continuous variable) of
the variable.
Process:
Graphs > Chart builder > Scater dot > Drag image > Respondent ID (X) > Experience (Y)
1)
2)

The outlier (Experience & Age) is donated with a red box and thus we checked the
respondent ID and change the outlier value with the median (Ordinal variable) and mean
(continuous variable).

2) Variable Screening:
Variable screening includes 2 things
a) Missing data in columns:
b) Skewness and Kurtosis
 a) Missing data in columns:
There were about 1 missing data in columns and we adjusted the value with the mean
(continuous variable) and median (Ordinal Variable) of the nearby answer of the variable.

b) Skewness and Kurtosis:

We have no item that was skewed either positively or negatively and only one item age was
having kurtosis and that’s normal because we are having a data of students ranging from 19-
25. So there were almost no kurtosis in the data

Computation of variables:
Computation of variable means to compute all the answer of the answer given by the
respondents with the mean of the all questions. εx /n

3) Reliability:
Reliability means to measure the inter consistency (reliability) of the scale. Cronbach’s alpha
is commonly used to measure the internal consistency when survey/questionnaire has
multiple Likert scale questions. According to (George, 2003) acceptable range of Cronbach’s
alpha (α) is given in following table.

Cronbach’s Alpha
0.9 and more than 0.9 Excellent
0.8 and more than 0.8 Good
0.7 and more than 0.7 Acceptable
0.6 and more than 0.6 Questionable
0.5 and more than 0.5 Poor
Less than 0.5 Unacceptable
The reliability test of overall data is 0.879 and this value is in the acceptable range. And the F
value of the model is 540.575 and the level of significance is 0.00 so the overall model is
acceptable. And the value of Cronbach Alpha (α) is 0.769
Number of Items Cronbach’s Alpha
306 0.769

Construct wise Reliability

Cronbach’s
Cronbach’s
Alpha No. of Items
Variable No. of Items Alpha After item
Before item Deleted
deleted
deleted
Playfulness 0.727 7 0 0.727
Atypuseness 0.799 5 0 0.799

Usefulness 0.722 7 0 0.722

Joyfulness 0.729 7 0 0.729
Infoacquisition 0.725 5 0 0.725
Decisioness 0.725 8 0 0.725

4) Correlation:
The correlation is a technique that shows the relationship between two more variables for
example price and demand. It must be in the range of -1 < 0 < 1.
a) The correlation between playfulness and atypuseness is 0.344 which is in the limit of
the correlation.
b) The correlation between playfulness and usefulness is 0.342 which is in the limit of
the correlation and is significant.
c) The correlation between playfulness and joyfulness is 0.484 which is in the limit of
the correlation and is significant.
d) The correlation between playfulness and infoacquassition is 0.382 which is in the
limit of the correlation and is significant.
e) The correlation between playfulness and decisionness is .362 which is in the limit of
the correlation and is significant.
f)
Playfullness Atypuseness Usefulness Joyfulness Infoacquasstion Decissionness
1 .344 **
.342 **
.484 **
.382 ** .326**

a) The correlation between atypuseness and usefulness is 0.192 which is in the limit of
the correlation
b) The correlation between atypuseness and joyfulness is 0.132 which is in the limit of
the correlation
c) The correlation between atypuseness and infoacquassition is 0.199 which is in the
limit of the correlation
d) The correlation between atypuseness and decisionness is 0.209 which is in the limit of
the correlation
Playfullness Atypuseness Usefulness Joyfulness Infoacquasstion Decissionness
 .344 1 .192 .132 .199 .209

a) The correlation between usefulness and joyness is 0.473 which is in the limit of the
correlation
b) The correlation between usefulness and infoacquisition is 0.491 which is in the limit
of the correlation
c) The correlation between usefulness and Decisionness is 0.541 which is in the limit of
the correlation
d)
Playfullness Atypuseness Usefulness Joyfulness Infoacquasstion Decissionness
.342 .192 1 .473 .491 .541

a) The correlation between joyfulness and infoacquastion is 0.450 which is in the limit
of the correlation
b) The correlation between joyfulness and Decisionness is 0.402 which is in the limit of
the correlation
c)
Playfullness Atypuseness Usefulness Joyfulness Infoacquasstion Decissionness
.484 .132 .473 1 .450 .402

a) The correlation between infoacquasstion and Decisionness is 0.541 which is in the

limit of the correlation
b)

Playfullness Atypuseness Usefulness Joyfulness Infoacquasstion Decissionness

.382 .199 .491 .450 1 .719
a)

Playfullness Atypuseness Usefulness Joyfulness Infoacquasstion Decissionness

.326 .209 .541 .402 .719 1
 5) Regression:

Model Summary
Adjusted R Std. Error of Change Statistics
Model R R Square Square the Estimate R Square Change F Change df1
a
1 .342 .117 .114 .58129 .117 40.365 1
a. Predictors: (Constant), Playfullness

In this Regression analysis significance level is .000 which strengthen the evidence that
there is a strong relation between playfulness and usefulness. Regression shows the
relationship that how much a variable would change because of other here is a positive
change. If playfulness would change than usefulness would change of .117. F test is
showing about the significance of model. Chances for error is .581.

Model Summary
Adjusted R Std. Error of the Change Statistics
Model R R Square Square Estimate R Square Change F Change df1 df2 Sig. F
1 .491a .241 .238 .46205 .241 96.398 1 304 .000
a. Predictors: (Constant), Usefullness

This regression Analysis has taken place between Usefulness on information Acquisition
which is significant. Regression show a relationship between the variables which is
positive. Change in usefulness would impact information acquisition by .241 which is a
positive change. Chances for error is less than .5.

Model Summary
Adjusted R Std. Error of the Change Statistics
Model R R Square Square Estimate R Square Change F Change df1
a
1 .382 .146 .143 .49005 .146 51.949 1

a. Predictors: (Constant), Playfullness

This regression shows the relationship of playfulness on information acquisition which is

significant. There is a positive change if one would change other would also change by
0146. Chances for error is .490
 Model Summary
Adjusted R Std. Error of the Change Statistics
Model R R Square Square Estimate R Square Change F Change df1 df2 Sig. F
a
1 .326 .106 .103 .56388 .106 36.165 1 304 .000
a. Predictors: (Constant), Playfullness

This regression shows the relationship of atypical use on decision quality which is significant.
Their would be a positive change by 0106 if one would change other would change as well.
Chances for error is.563.

Model Summary
Adjusted R Std. Error of the Change Statistics
Model R R Square Square Estimate R Square Change F Change df1 df2 Sig. F
a
1 .132 .017 .014 .77124 .017 5.390 1 304 .021
a. Predictors: (Constant), Atypuseness

This regression shows the relationship of atypical use on enjoyment which is slightly less
significant than previous. Standard error is more it shows that the chances of error would be
more. There is a positive relationship if one would change other would change by 0.17.
chances for error is .771.

Model Summary
Adjusted R Std. Error of the Change Statistics
Model R R Square Square Estimate R Square Change F Change df1
1 .402a .162 .159 .54605 .162 58.748 1
a. Predictors: (Constant), Joyfullness

This regression shows the relationship of enjoyment on decision quality. Significance level
predicts a strong relationship of both variables. If one would change other would change
by.162 which is a positive change. Standard error predicts a error which is .546.

Model Summary
Adjusted R Std. Error of the Change Statistics
Model R R Square Square Estimate R Square Change F Change df1 df2 Sig. F
1 .199a .040 .037 .51964 .040 12.576 1 304 .000
a. Predictors: (Constant), Atypuseness
 This Regression Analysis shows the relationship of atypical use on information acquisition
which is significant. There is a positive relationship between both variables. If one would
change other would change by.40. Chances of error is .519.

Model Summary
Adjusted R Std. Error of the Change Statistics
Model R R Square Square Estimate R Square Change F Change df1 df2 Sig. F
1 .326a .106 .103 .56388 .106 36.165 1 304 .000
a. Predictors: (Constant), Playfullness

This Regression shows the relationship of playfulness on Decision Quality which is a

significant relationship. There is a positive relationship between both variables if one would
change othe would change by .106. The chances of error is .563