Members Not Part of LFRS

• In frame members not designated as part

the lateral-force-resisting system in regio
of high seismic risk:
– Must be able to support gravity loads while subje
to the design displacement
– Transverse reinforcement increases depending o
Forces induced by drift
Axial force in member

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc

 Diaphragms
Diaphragm

Shear walls
Collectors, if req’d to tran
from diaphragm to shear
Load from analysis in acco
With design load combinati
Check:
• Shear strength and reinforcement (min. slab reinf.)
• Chords (boundary members)
- Force = M/d Reinforced for tension
(Usually don’t require boundary members)

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc

 Struts and Trusses:
Performance Objectives
• All members have axial load (not flexure)
ductility is more difficult to achieve

• Full length confinement

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 Precast Concrete:
Performance Objectives

Field connections Field connections

at points of low must yield
stress

Strong connections Ductile connections

• Configure system so that hinges • Inelastic action at fi
occur in factory cast members splice
away from field splices

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc

 Quality Assurance:
Rebar Inspection
• Special inspection
– Rebar placement
– Prestressing tendon placement, stressing, grouti
– Concrete placement
• Testing
– Rebar (ratio of yield to ultimate)
– Concrete

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc

 Topic Overview

• Concrete and reinforcement behavior

• Reference standards
• Requirements by Seismic Design Catego
– Moment resisting frames
– Shear walls
• Other topics
• Design Examples from FEMA P-751

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc

 Special Moment Frame Example
A
• Located in Berkeley, A’ B C C’

California
• 12-story concrete

7 @ 30’ = 210’
building
• N-S direction: SMF
• E-W direction: dual
system
• Seismic Design
Category D
• Modal Analysis 5 @ 20’ = 100’
Procedure
Typical Floor Plan
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 Frame Elevations
A A' B C C' D A A' B C C' D
Story Level 40'-0" 20'-0" 40'-0" 40'-0" 20'-0" 40'-0"
Story Level
R R
12 12
12 12
11 11
11 11
10 10
10 10
9 9
9 9
8 8

11 at 13'-0"

11 at 13'-0"
8 8
7 7
7 7
6 6
6 6
5 5
5 5
4 4
4 4
3 3
3 3
2 2
2 2
18'-0" 15'-0"

18'-0" 15'-0"
1 1
G G

B B

A. Section at Wall B. Section at Frame

Grid Lines 3 to 6 Grid Lines 2 and 7

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc

Story Shears: E-W Loading

frame 1
frame 2
frame 3

Frame 1,
max at L7

Includes shear wall

0
Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc
 Seismic Analysis: Dual Systems

• For dual systems,

moment frame must be
designed to resist at least
25% of design seismic
forces (ASCE 7, Sec.
12.2.5.1)

100% forces with

shear wall
25% forces w/o
shear wall

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc

Layout of Reinforcement
#4 stirrup

4 #8 bar,
assumed

28.5”
29.5”
32”
24”
30”

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc

 Design Strengths

Design Aspect Strength Used

Beam flexure Design strength

Maximum probab
Beam shear
strength
Maximum probab
Beam-column joint
strength
1.2 times nomina
Column flexure
beam strength
Maximum probab
Column shear
strength

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc

 Bending Moment Envelopes:
Frame 1 Beams, 7th Floor
A A’ B CL C
282 308 305

Seismic
265 306
50/23
Dead/Liv

357 389 388 37/17

Combine
72
251 274 271
1.42D +0.5L
Moments in k-ft
0.68D - E
1.2D + 1.6L

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc

 Beam Reinforcement: Longitudina

Maximum negative moment,

Mu = 389 kip-ft at Column A’

b = 24” d = 29.5” f’c = 4 ksi fy = 60 ksi

Try 4 #8, As = 3.16 in2

= 0.00446, 0.0033 < < 0.025 OK

Mn = 406 kip-ft OK
Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc
 Beam Reinforcement: Longitudina
(continued)
Positive Mu at face of column = 271 kip-ft

b = 44 in. (beam width plus span/12)

Try 3 #8, As = 2.37 in2
= 0.00335, 0.0033 < < 0.025 OK
Mn = 311 kip-ft OK

Since nearly min , 3 #8 are continuous

Check: +Mn > -Mn/2 311 > 406/2
Mn,min > Mn,max /4 311 > 406/4
Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc
Beam Reinforcement: Layout

1 1.5" cover

#8 bar

28.5"

29.5"

32"
North-south
spanning beam

#4 hoop
East-west
spanning beam

30"

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc

 Determine Beam Design Shear
Assum
hingin
B C mecha
587
Probable moment
strength, Mpr (k-ft)

430 Vu,grav = 33.3 k-ft

20’ – 30” = 17’-6”

M pr1 M pr 2 430 587

Ve Vu , grav 33.3 91.4 ki
n 17.5

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc

 Loading

Beam Shear
Hinge loc
Force
A A' B C

7,042 7,042 7,042

7,042

(a)
Seismic moment
(tension side)
in.-kips
Beam mo
5,519 5,519 5,519 5,519
210"
15" 240" 15"

58.1 58.1 58.1

(b)
Seismic shear
positive Seismic
kips
58.1 58.1 58.1

33.8 33.3 33.3 (c)

Gravity shear
Factored
(1.42D + 0.5L)
32.9 33.3 33.3
kips
positive
gravity s
91.9 91.4 91.4
25.2 24.8 24.8
(d)
Design shear
seismic + gravity
Design s
positive
24.3 24.8 24.8
kips
91.0 91.4 91.4

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc

Beam Reinforcement: Transverse

Vseismic > 50% Vu therefore take Vc = 0

Use 4 legged #4 stirrups

Av f y d 0.75(0.8)(60)(29.5)
smax 11.6
Ve 91.4

At ends of beam s = 7.0 in.

(near midspan, s = 7.0 in. w/ 2 legged s

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc

 Beam Reinforcement: Transverse

• Check maximum spacing of hoops within

plastic hinge length (2h)
– d/4 = 7.4 in.
– 8db = 8.0 in.
– 24dh = 12.0 in.
– 12 in.

Therefore, 7.0 in. spacing at ends is adequate

At beam rebar splices, s = 4.0 in.

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc

 Joint Shear Force

Vcol Vj T C Vco
T C

Vj
T 1.25 f y As , top
C 1.25 f y As , bo
But how to compute Vcol?

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc

 Joint Shear Force V col

h
M pr , L M pr , R VR VL
2 h
Vcol
lc
At 7th Floor, Column C:
V e,L
30
587 430 12 58.1 58.1

lc
2
Vcol 89.4 kips M pr,L
156

V col

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc

 Joint Shear Force
89.4

237 178

325
T 1.25 f y As ,top 237 kips
C 1.25 f y As ,bot 178 kips
Vj T C Vcol 325 kips
Vn 15 f c' A j 15 5,000 (30) 2
Vn 0.85 955 811 kips 325

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc

 Frame 1 Column Design
f 'c Ag
Column: Pu A A' B

10 PL = 78 kips Includes
PD = 367 kips level 7

32"
then: M nc 1.2 M nb

13'-0"
30"

32"
Design column using
standard P-M
interaction curve 20'-0" 20'-0"

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc

 Column Design Moments

Design for strong column based on nominal beam moment stre

A A' B
451

Beam moments (Level 7)

345 M nc 1.2 M nb

1.2 345 451 956

478
Column moments (Level 7)
478 assume uniform distribution
top and bottom

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc

 Column Transverse Reinforcemen
Hoop reinforcement with cross-sectional area:

f 'c Ag
Ash 0.3 sbc 1
f yt Ach
and
f 'c
Ash 0.09 sbc
f yt
Ag = gross area of column
Ach = area confined within the hoops
bc = transverse dimension of column core
measured center to center of outer legs
s = hoop spacing

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc

Column Transverse Reinforcemen

Maximum spacing is smallest of:

h/4 = 30/4 = 6.5 in.
6db = 6*1.0 = 6.0 in. (#8 bars)
so calculated as follows:

14 h x
so 4
3
for 12 #8 vertical bars and #4 hoops,
hx = 8.33 in. and so = 5.72 in.

Next, check confinement requirements……

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc

 Column Transverse Reinforcemen
Assume 4 in. hoop spacing:

f' Ag 5 900
Ash 0.3 sbc c 1 0.3 (4)(27) 1 0
f yt Ach 60 729
and
f 'c 5
Ash 0.09 sbc 0.09(4)(27) 0.81 in 2
f yt 60

Therefore, use #4 bar hoops with 4 legs

Ash = 0.80 in2

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc

 Determine Column Shear
Based on probable moment strength of colum
and can be limited by probable moment strength of

Mpr,top
Mpr,1 Mpr,2 Vseismic

Vseismic
Mpr,3 Mpr,4
Mpr,bottom

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc

 Column Shear Design
Based on column moments:
Mpr,col = 1,245 k-ft (12 #8 vert and Pmax)

2(1,245)
Ve 241 kips
(13 32 / 12)

f 'c Ag 5(30)(3)
For Pmin 225 kips,
20 20
Vc can be included in shear calculation

Instructional Materials Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples Reinforc