PRACTICA DE MATRICES Y DETERMINANTES

1.- Dadas las matrices:

A= (−532491) B= (−51535−60
20 10
) C= (0153 46 ) D= (6−8−2
0 10 4 )

Calcular:

a) A+B
b) A+C+D
c) B–C+D
d) 3A – D
e) 2A + D/2

a) A + B = (−1018 2239−59
19
)
b) A + C + D = (−49−3191111)
c) B – C + D = (−621409 462)
3 14 29
d) 3A – D = (−15 2−1 )

e) 2A + D/2 = (−109 01713 4)

2.- Multiplicar A x B; C x D; BxC

1 −4 2 −2 1 8
A=
1 5 −3
(
2 0 6 ) (
B = −3
3
1 −5
2 1 ) ( C= 0 3 4
1 5 2 ) D= (20 −3 −2
6 4)
 AxB= (1−15−9
2+ 0+18
−4+5−6 2−25−3
−8+ 0+12 4 +0+6
=
−23 −5 −26
20 4 10 ) ( )
 C x D = No se resuelve porque 3 ≠2
 −2+ 0+2 1−12+10 8−16+ 4 0 −1 −4

(
B x C = 6+ 0−5 −3+3−25 −24+ 4−10 = 1 −25 −30
−6 +0+1 3+6+5 24+8+ 2 −5 14 34 )( )
3.- Dadas las matrices: Hallar a) A2 b) B2 c) C 2

1 −4 2 1 −4 2
(
A = −3
3
1 −5
2 1 ) (
B = −3
3
1 −5
2 1 ) C= ( 24 −21 )

1+12+6 −4−4 +4 2+20+2 19 −4 24

(
a) A2 = −3−3−15
3−6+3 )(
12+1−10 −6−5+ 5 = −21 3 −6
−12+2+2 6−10+1 0 −8 −3 )
1+12+6 −4−4 +4 2+20+2 19 −4 24
(
b) B2 = −3−3−15
3−6+3 )(
12+1−10 −6−5+ 5 = −21 3 −6
−12+2+2 6−10+1 0 −8 −3 )
4 +4 2−2 8 0
c) C 2 = (8−8 4 +4
=
0 8 ) ( )
1 −3 2 2 −3 4
(
4.- Si: A = −2 4 5
1 −3 0 ) (
B = −3 5 −1 Hallar AT x BT
4 1 2 )
1 −2 1 2 −3 4
T
A x B = −3T
( 2 )(
4 −3 −3 5 1
5 0 4 −1 2 )
2+6+ 4 −3−10−1 4−2+2
(
= −6−12−12
4−15+ 0
9+20+ 3 −12+ 4−6
−6+25+ 0 8+5+ 0 )
12 −14 4
(
= −30 32 −14
−11 19 13 )
 1 −42 y −3 x
5.- Si la matriz: A = 6 x 20
0 1 ( 1
30 )Es simétrica. Hallar: 2
E =18 x + y
2

1 −42 0
(
A = −42 20
0 1
1
30 ) X = -7 , Y = -21

E = 1323

1 5 −3 1 −4 2
6.- Dadas las matrices:
(
A= 3 0 6
−2 1 2 ) ( B = −3
3
1 −5
2 1 )
Hallar la traza (A x B)

−23 −5 −26
(
A x B = 21
1
0
)
12 Traza = -23 + 0 – 7 = -30
13 −7

7.- Hallar la matriz inversa de: A = 2 8 (3 6 )

(32 68)(ac bd )=( 10 01)
(32 a+ 6c
a+ 8 c
3 b+6 d 1 0
2 b+8 d
=)( )
0 1

3a + 6c = 1 a = -4c a = 2/3

2a + 8c = 0 b = -3d b = -3/2
 3b + 6d = 0 c = -1/6

2b + 8d = 1 d = 1/2

1 3 5
8.- Hallar la matriz inversa de: A = 2 −4 2
( 6 1 0 )
-2 – 3(– 12) + 5(2 + 24) = -2 + 36 + 130 = 164

−2 −12 26 −2 12 26
(
[ A ] = −5 −30 −17 = 5
26 −8 −10 )( 26
−30 17
8 −10 )
−1 3 13

( )
82 41 82
1 5 −15 17
A-1 =
164 164 82 164
13 2 −5
82 41 82

9.- Si A = (−1/√32/2 √3 /2 Determinar qué clase de matriz es: A x AT

1/2 )

= (−1/2
√3 /2
√ 3 /2 1 /2 −√ 3/2
)(
1/2 √ 3 /2 1/2 )
1 3 −√3 √ 3
=
(+
4 4
−√ 3 √ 3
4
+
4
4
+
3 1
+
4 4
4
=
1 0
0 1
)( )
Es una matriz identidad
 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
10.- Dadas las matrices: A = 2 −1 2
3 −1 2 ( ) ( B= 2 1 1
3 −1 1 ) ( C= 2 1 4
0 0 0 )
Verificar: A x C = B x C

1+ 2+ 0 1+1+0 1+ 4+0 3 2 5
(
A x C = 2−2+0 2−1+0 2−4+ 0 = 0 1 −2
3−2+0 3−1+0 3−4+ 0 1 2 −1 )( )
1+ 2+ 0 1+1+0 1+ 4+0 3 2 5
(
B x C = 2+ 2+ 0 2+1+0 2+ 4+0 = 4 3
3−2+0 3−1+0 3−4+ 0
6
1 −2 −1 )( )
No son iguales

11.- Calcular: a.b.c si la matriz siguiente es anti simétrica. AT = -A

c−12 −b a−16
(
A = 2 b−15 a+b−22 c +4
3 a−12 16 0 )
c−12 2b−15 3 a−12 −c+ 12 b −a+16
AT

( −b
a−16
a+b−12
c+ 4
16
0 −3 a+ 12 ) (
= -A −2 b+15 −a−b+22 −c−4
−16 0 )
a = 7, b = 15, c = 12

0 −15 −9 0 15 9
(
A = 15
9
0
16
16
0 ) ( -A = −15 0
−9 −16
−16
0 )
12.- Sean las matrices: Hallar la suma C21 + C32 + C33

1 2 −1 1 1 1 1 0
A=
(0 1
−1 3
1 2
1 0
0 −1 1 2
) ( B=
−1
2
−1
0 1
1 1
0 1
0
−1
0
) C = (A.B)T
 1−2−1−1 1+ 0−1+0 1+2−1+1 0+0+1+0
AxB=
(
0−1+2−2 0+0+1+0 0+1+1+2 0+0+1+0
−1−3+2+0 −1+0+1+0 −1+3+1+0 0+0−1+ 0
0+1+2−1 0+0+1+0 0−1+1+2 0+0−1+ 0
)
−3 0 3 1
AxB=
−1
−2
2
( 1 4 1
0 3 −1
1 2 −1
)
−3 −1 −2 2
(A x B)T =
(0
3 4
1 1
1
3
0

−1
1
2
−1
)
La suma C21 + C32 + C33 = 0 + 4 + 3 = 7

1 4 2
13.- Hallar el determinante por menores complementarios: A = 3 4 5
9 16 25 ( )
=1 (164 255 ) + 3 (164 252 ) + 9 ( 44 25)
= 1(100 - 80) - 3(100 - 32) + 9(20 - 8) = -76

a2 2 ab b2
14.- Hallar


el valor de: E =
√( b2 a2 2ab
2 ab b2

a2(a4-2ab3)-2ab(a2b2-4a2b2)+b2(b4-2a3b)
a2
)
 a6-2a3b3-2a3+8a3b3+b6-2a3b3
 a6+2a3b3+b6
 (a3+b3)2
 √(a3+ b3 )2
 a3+b3
 a b c
15.- Hallar el valor del determinante: A = 1 a an
a p a p+1 a p+n ( )
 a [(a) ( a p+n) - a p+1 an] - b (a p+n - a pn ) + c (a p+1 - a p+1) = 0

2 −4 −1
16.- Calcular “x” en: 2 x −2 = 5
1 3 2 ( )
2 −4 −1


( )
2 x −2
1 3

2 x −2
2
2 −4 −1

4x – 6 + 8 + x + 12 + 16 =5
 5x = 25
 X = -5

b−c c −a a−b
17.- Calcular el valor de: c−a a−b b−c
a−b b−c c−a( )
 |A| = (b-c)(a-b)(c-a)-(b-c)3-(c-a)3+(c-a)(b-c)(a-b)+(a-b)(c-a)(b-c)-(a-b)3
 |A| = 3(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)-(b-c)3-(c-a)3-(a-b)3
 |A| = -b3+c3-c3+a3-a3+b3
 |A| = 0

1 2 3 4
2
18.- Calcular el valor de: A = 3
4
( 3
4
5
4
5
6
5
6
7
)
 3 4 5 2 4 5 2 3 5 2 3 4

(5 6 7 )(
1 4 5 6 -2 3 5 6 +3 3 4
4 6 7 4 5 )( 7)(
6 -4 3
4
4
5
5
6 )
3 4 5 2 4 5 2 3 5 2 3 4

4 5 6 3 5 6 3 4 6 3 4 5
 105 + 120 + 120 - 125 - 108 – 112 - 2(70 + 90 + 96 – 100 – 72 – 84) + 3(56 + 75 + 72 – 80 –
60 - 63)- 4(48 + 60 + 60 – 64 – 50 - 54) = 0

a b c

19.- Calcular: E=
( b c a
c a b )
(ba ac)+(cb ba)+(bc ac)

a b c
( b c a =A
c a b ) (ba ac)+(cb ba)+(bc ac)= B
 |A|= a(cb-a2)-b(b2-ca)+c(ba-c2)
 |B| = bc-a2+ca-b2+ba-c2

 a ( cb−a2 ) + b ( ca−b2 ) +c (ba−c 2)

¿¿

1 1 1

( )
20.- Demostrar que: a b c = (c - b) (c - a) (b - a)
a2 b2 c 2

1 1 1


( )
a b c
a 2 b2 c 2
1 1 1
a b c
ab2-cb2+a2c-ba2+bc2-ac2
 Factorizando:
 (c - b) (c - a) (b - a)
 1 1 1
21.- Calcular el valor de: E = 4 5 7
(
16 25 49 )
1 1 1


( )
4 5 7
16 25 49 = |A|
1 1 1
4 5 7
|A|= 45 + 100 + 112 – 80 – 175 – 196
 |A|= 6

x 2 ( x+1)2 (x +2)2 (x +3)2

22.- Calcular el valor de: B = 2

(
y 2 ( y +1)2 ( y +2)2
z ( z +1)2 ( z +2)2
t 2 (t +1)2 ( t+2)2
( y+ 3)2
(z +3)2
(t+3)2
)
23.-Calcular la Determinante:

1 a b+c
( 1 b a+c
1 c a+b )
 |A|= [(b)(a+b)-(a+c)(c)]-a[(a+b)-(a+c)]+(b+c)(c-b)
 |A|= ab+b2-ac-c2-ab+ac-b2+c2
 |A|=0

24.-Hallar el Valor de la Determinante:

x x +1 x +2
(
B = x +3
x +6
x+ 4
x +7
x+ 5
x+ 8 )
 |B|= x[(x+4)(x+8)-(x+5)(x+7)]-(x+1)[(x+3)(x+8)-(x+5)(x+6)]+(x+2)[(x+3)(x+7)-(x+4)(x+6)]
  |B| = x(-3)-(x+1)(-6)+(x+2)(-3)
 |B| = -3x+6x+6-3x-6
 |B| = 0

25.- Hallar el Determinante:

2 1 1 1
A=
(1
1
1
3
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
5
)
4
 |A|= ∑ ¿¿ ¿ = a11M11-a21M21+a31M31-a41M41
i=1

 |A|= 2(50)-12-8-6
 |A|= 74

26.-Resolver la Ecuación:

x 2 3
( )
x 1 4 =x−2
2 1 0

 X(-4)-2(-8)+3(x-2)=x-2
 -2x=-12
 X=6

27.-Resolver el sistema de ecuaciones mediante matrices:

3x-2y+5z=6
3 −2 5
6x+11y-z=7
(
|A|= 6 11 −1 = 60 ≠0
1 1 4 )
X+y+4z=1

6 −2 5

(
|x|= 7 11 −1 =308
1 1 4 )
 3 6 5

(
|Y|= 6 7 −1 =−68
1 1 4 )
3 −2 6

(
|Z|= 6 11 7 =−20
1 1 1 )
77 −17 −1
 X= Y= Z=
40 40 8

28.-Hallar los sistemas de ecuaciones mediante determinantes (REGLA DE

KRAMER).

a. {32xx−4+5 yy=26
=−7

|A|¿ ( 23 5
−4)=−23

26 5
 X= (−7 −4 )
=−69

2 26
Y= (
3 −7 )
 =−92

 X= 3 Y=4
( 1+ 2 k ) x +5 y=7
b. Hallar el valor de “k” : { ( 2+k ) x +4 y=8

k) 5
|A|= ((1+2
( 2+ k ) 4 )
= 4+8k-10-5k = 3k-6

 |X| = (78 54 )=28−40=−12

k) 7
 |Y| = ((1+2
( 2+ k ) 8 )
=8+16 k−14−7 k =9 k −6

−12
 X=
3 k−6
9 k−6
 Y=
3 k−6
 1+ 2 k 5
 =
2+ k 4
 3k=6
 K=2

x−2 y + z=7
c.
{
3 x − y−z=8
2 x + y=5

7 −2 1

( ) 8
5
7
8
1
−1 −1
1
−2 1
0

−1 −1
−2 1
=
8+10+5+7 30
=
3+4 +2+1 10
=3 x=3

( ) 3
2
1
3
−1 −1
1 0
−2 1
−1 −1

1 7 1

( ) 3
2
1
3
8 −1
5 0
7 1
8 −1
10
=
15−14−16+5 −10
10
=
10
y = -1

1 −2 7

( ) 3
2
1
3
−1
1
−2
−1
( 10 )
8
5 −5+21−32+14−8+ 30 20
7
8
=
10
=
10
z=2

2 x + y−3 z=7
d.
{ y +2 z=5
x−4 y + z=2
 7 1 −3

( )
5 1 2
2 −4 1
7 1 −3
5 1 2
2 1 −3
=
7+60+ 4+6+ 56−5 128
2+2+3+16
=
23
x=
128
23

( )
0 1 2
1 −4 1
2 1 −3
0 1 2

2 7 −3

( )
0
1
2
0
5 2
2 1
7 −3
2 2
23
=
10+14+15−8 31
23
=
23
y=
31
23

2 1 7

( )
0 1 5
1 −4 2 4+ 5−7+ 40 42
2 1 7
0 1 5
23
=
23
=
23
z=
42
23

e. Calcular X

cx+az=b
c 0 0
bx+ay=c
( )
|A|= b a 0 = C(ab)+a(bc) = 2abc
0 c b
cy+bz=a

b 0 a

( )
|x| = c a 0 b(ab)+a(c2-a2)
a c b
b +c 2−a 2
2
 X =
2 bc
 f. Determinar “a” y “b” para que el sistema sea indeterminado
3x+5y=1
ax-by=4

 ( 145 =0
−b ) (3a 14 )=0
 −b−20=0 12-a=0
 b=20 a = 12
3 x +4 y+ z+2 w=−3
g.
{3 x +5 y +3 z+ 5 w=−6
6 x +8 y + z +5 w=−8
3 x +5 y +3 z+ 7 w=−8

3 4 1 2
 ¿A| =
(
3 5 3 5
6 8 5 5
3 5 7 7
=6
)
−3 4 1 2
 |X|=
−6
−8
−8
( 5
8
5
3
5
7
5 =24
5
7
)
3 −3 1 2
 |Y|=
3
6
3
( −6
−8
−8
3
5
7
5 =−24
5
7
)
3 4 −3 2
 |Z|=
(
3 5 −6 5 =−6
6 8 −8 5
3 5 −8 7
)
3 4 1 −3



|W|=

X=4
(
3 5 3 −6 =6
6 8 5 −8
3 5 7 −8
Y=-4 Z=-1
) W=1
 h. Resolver:
a+2b+3c=5
2a-b-4c=10
a+3b+c=15
5 2 3

(
|a|= 10 −1 −4 =50
15 3 1 )
1 5 3

(
|b|= 2 10 −4 = 100
1 15 1 )
1 2 5

(
|c| = 2 −1 10 = -50
1 3 15 )
 a = 5/2 b=5 c=-5/2

29.- Resolver el Problema:

Ganancia Total:

(2600
2625
2550
2650 )
= 196250