Group E – Lesson 2

Example 1
How many 5-digit numbers greater than 21300 are there such that their digits are distinct
integers taken from {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}?

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 Example 2
In a table tennis tournament, each player plays exactly one game against each of the other
players. During this process, however, there are 3 players who have withdrawn from the
tournament and each of them participated in exactly two matches. If the total number of
matches played is 50, how many matches were played among the 3 withdrawn players?

Example 3
Three distinct integers are chosen randomly from the set {1, 2, 3, … , 10}. Compute the
probability that their sum is a multiple of 3.

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 Example 4
√3
Statements 𝐴 and 𝐵 are independent. The probability that 𝐴 is true is . The probability
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1
that 𝐵 is true is . Compute the probability that 𝐴 → 𝐵 is true.
√3

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 Practice 1
Suppose 3 red, 4 blue and 2 yellow flags are placed on 9 numbered flagpoles in order (every
flagpole hangs just one flag). How many distinct symbols consisting of these flags are there?

(A) 1234
(B) 1260
(C) 1440
(D) 1640
(E) None of the above

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 Practice 2
A 2 × 3 rectangle is divided into six unit squares 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷, 𝐸 and 𝐹. Each of these unit
squares is to be coloured in one of 6 colours such that no two adjacent squares have the
same colour. How many distinct ways are there for this to be accomplished?

(A) 12240
(B) 13230
(C) 13480
(D) 14400
(E) None of the above

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 Practice 3
Consider two machines. The 1st machine has three parts and will work only if at least two
3
of the parts do not fail. The probability of one part failing is and each of the other two
5
parts have a probability 𝑝 of failing. The 2nd machine fails with a probability 𝑝2 − 𝑝 + 1.
If the probability of the machines working is the same, find 𝑝.

5
(A) 6

(B) 1
5
(C) 𝑜𝑟 1
6
1
(D) 6

(E) None of the above

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 Practice 4
Let 𝑁 = 3𝑎 + 7𝑏 . If 𝑎 and 𝑏 are integers, not necessarily different, chosen uniformly at
random from 1 to 100 inclusive, compute the probability that the units digit of 𝑁 is 4.

1
(A) 16
2
(B) 16
3
(C) 16
4
(D) 16

(E) None of the above

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