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HCL BPO – Interview support material

Explain the Following?

RAM, ROM, CPU, Motherboard, URL, ASP, ISP, IP Address, DSL, Ms Dos
ATS, HTTP, FTTP, WWW, OS, Port, Modem.
What are the types of internet connections?
Which is the basic memory of a PC?
What is C MOS?
The Functions of a Modem
Which is the Brain & Heart of a computer
Which OS does not support multiple users?
Ans: w-xp, w – 98, w-95, w –me.

Where is the mouse connected?

What is a firewall?
What is LAN, WAN?
Where is the device manager located?
Where is the Ethernet card used in an internet?
How can u check if it is connected?

MOTHERBOARD
The motherboard is the main circuit board inside the PC which holds the processor, memory and expansion
slots and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC.
BIOS
All motherboards include a small block of Read Only Memory ROM which is separate from the main system
memory used for loading and running software

Motherboards also include a separate block of memory made from very low power consumption CMOS (complementary metal oxide silicon)
RAM chips, which is kept "alive" by a battery even when the PC's power is off.

ATX
The Intel Advanced/ML Motherboard, launched in 1996, was designed to solve these issues and marked the
beginning of a new era in motherboard design.
NLX
Intel’s NLX design, introduced in 1997, is an improvement on the LPX design for low-profile systems, with an
emphasis on ease of maintenance
MicroATX
Introduced in the late 1990s, the MicroATX is basically a smaller version of Intel's ATX specification,
intended for compact, low-cost consumer systems with limited expansion potential.

The PC’S ability to evolve many different interfaces allowing the connection of many different classes of add-on component and peripheral
device has been one of the principal reasons for its success. The key to this has been standardization, which has promoted competition and, in
turn, technical innovation.

The heart of a PC system – the processor - is no different in this respect than any other component or device. Intel’s policy in the early 1990s of
producing overdrive CPUs that were actually designed for upgrade purposes required that the interface by which they were connected to the
motherboard be standardized. A consequence of this is that it enabled rival manufacturers to design and develop processors that would work in
the same system.

INTERFACES
The PC's adaptability - its ability to evolve many different interfaces allowing the connection of many different classes of add-on component and
peripheral device - has been one of the key reasons for its success.

The operating system has two basic functions. First, it communicates with the PC’s hardware; it gives
applications access to things like the hard drive, it receives input from the keyboard, and it outputs data to
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HCL BPO – Interview support material
the monitor. The second function is to provide a user interface and interpret commands so a user can
communicate with the hardware.

An operating system is also referred to as a command interpreter. Several types of operating systems
perform basic functions. For the purpose of this book, we cover only three: MS-DOS, Windows 3.x, and
Windows 95/98. We cover some basics for each operating system and talk about the architecture of each.

OPERATING SYSTEM ROLE

•
Must communicate with the PC’s hardware
•
Works with the BIOS to provide access to devices such as hard drives
•
Communicates with device drivers & Provides a user interface
MS-DOS
MS-DOS is one of the most basic operating systems that we use today. The first version of MS-DOS was
very primitive, but after a few changes, it provided all the necessary functions an operating system needed.
Drives and Directories
•
Each drive in MS-DOS has a drive letter
o
Floppies — A and B
o
Hard drives — begin with C
o
CD-ROM drive — typically drive letter following last hard drive defined
•
Directory tree organizes the drives’ file structure
o
Directory
o
Root directory
o
Subdirectory
o
Parent directory & Child directory.
o
Read-only files cannot be overwritten.
o
System files are used by the operating system.
o
Hidden files are not visible when a Dir command is issued. Archive is the default file type and essentially
indicates the file has been saved to disk.
Questions
1. Which two files make up the Registry in Windows 95?
A. Io.sys and Msdos.sys
B. Config.sys and Autoexec.bat
C. User.dat and System.dat
D. User.da0 and System.da0
2. Command.com contains which type of MS-DOS commands?
A. External
B. Internal
C. Real-mode
D. Protected-mode
3. Which file starts automatically when Windows 3.x is started?
A. Config.sys
B. Setup.ini
C. Pif.ini
D. Win.ini
4. Which tool must be used to prepare a hard drive before you can format it?

A. Chldsk B. Fisdisk C. Fdisk

D. Cleandisk
5. Which file executes commands in MS-DOS?
A. Msdos.sy
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HCL BPO – Interview support material
B. Io.sys
C. Config.sys
D. Command.com
6. What utility is used to directly modify the Registry?
A. Regedit
B. Edit
C. Notepad
D. .pif
ANSWERS
1. C — User.dat nd System.dat are the files that make up the Registry. The .da0 file is a
backup of
the .dat file.
2. B — Command.com uses internal commands that are loaded into memory.
3.D — The Win.ini file starts up automatically when Windows 3.x is booted. Win.ini contains information
about the Windows configuration environment.
4. C — Fdisk is the utility that is used to prepare a hard drive for use. It creates the primary partition and

sets the active partition needed by the operating system.

5. D — Command.com is the command interpreter for MS-DOS.
6. A — Regedit is the utility that allows you to directly modify the Registry. Control Panel is most commonly

used when modifying the Registry.

Networking:
In the world of computers, networking is the practice of linking two or more computing devices together for
the purpose of sharing data. Networks are built with a mix of computer hardware and computer software.
Area Networks

Networks can be categorized in several different ways. One approach defines the type of network according to the geographic area it spans. Local
area networks (LANs), for example, typically reach across a single home, whereas wide area networks (WANs), reach across cities, states, or
even across the world. The Internet is the world's largest public WAN.

A network topology represents its layout or structure from the point of view of data flow
In networking, the communication language used by computer devices is called the protocol
Many of the same network protocols, like TCP/IP, work in both wired and wireless networks. Networks with
Ethernet cables has predominated in businesses, schools, and homes for several decades.
In Internet Protocol (IP) networking, IP addresses contain 32 bits or 4 bytes. The bits encode the network
address so that it can be shared on the network. The bytes divide the bits into groups.
What is peer-to-peer networking?"

Peer-to-peer is a type of network design where all devices support roughly equivalent capabilities. Peer-to- peer networking (also known simply
as peer networking) is in contrast to client/server networking, where certain devices have responsibility for providing or "serving" network
information and other devices consume or otherwise act as "clients" of those servers.

What is the Internet?

The Internet is made up of millions of computers all over the world connected together by an
intricate network of wires, fibre-optic cables, satellites, and telephone systems. It is really a network of
networks, which links the computers together through a common communication language or protocol called
TCP/IP. Any computers that can be accessed through this medium are said to be a part of the Internet.